"Clean air is the key to health." Air - the role of air in the life of humans, plants and animals Clean air is the key to life on earth drawing

Creation date: 2013/11/27

People have long understood that clean air is necessary for humans, clean air is the key to health. A person can live without food for about five weeks, without water for five days, without air for only five minutes.

A person eats 1.5 kg of food per day, drinks about two liters of water and inhales several thousand liters of air. He may refuse poor quality food or water of questionable purity, but he has to inhale the air in which he is currently located, even if it is polluted or hazardous to health.

Air and human health are closely related and interdependent. Experts have long established that among various environmental factors affecting public health, air pollution plays a special role.

Air pollution problem

Until recently, the issue of air pollution was not given much importance. But over the past decades, due to the rapid growth of industry and transport, the situation has changed dramatically. Currently, the problem of air pollution and poisoning affects literally everyone.

In 1991, the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere of the Kirov region reached 413.7 thousand tons. In subsequent years, by the beginning of 1996, the amount of emissions decreased by 1.8 times. Consequently, an average of 1.8 tons of pollutants fall per square kilometer of territory, which is 1.2 times higher than the figure for Russia.

The main role in anthropogenic pollution of the region's air is played by industry and transport. The activities of industrial enterprises are the leading factor that has a negative impact on the quality of the natural environment. The structure of their emissions is dominated by carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, solids, and nitrogen oxides. Among the main industrial air pollutants are energy, timber, chemical and petrochemical industries, which account for about half of all emissions of harmful substances.

A significant contribution to the level of air pollution is made by road transport, which accounts for 80% of all emissions. Cars, when burning fuel, emit about 300 types of pollutants into the atmosphere along with exhaust gases. One car absorbs 4 tons of oxygen from the atmosphere, emitting 800 kg of carbon monoxide, about 40 kg of nitrogen oxides and almost 200 kg of hydrocarbons with exhaust gases. Exhaust gases also contain lead compounds, which is a heavy metal that accumulates in the human body and can contribute to the formation of various tumors.

Air and human health

The wealth of any state consists not only of material and spiritual values, but also of the people who inhabit it and produce values, and not just people, but healthy people. The health of citizens is a national treasure. According to some data, the health of the population depends 50% on lifestyle, 20% on genetic factors, 10% on the work of health authorities and 20% on the state of the environment. The quality of the natural environment, especially the air, is noticeably decreasing, and this in turn has an extremely negative impact on the health of the population, increasing its morbidity.

According to a study of oncological diseases, in heavily polluted cities of Siberia and the Far East, the incidence rate in men is 25%, and in women 39% higher than in moderately and lightly polluted cities. In general, an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms is observed in most countries of the world. In Russia, from 1980 to 1990, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased by 22%, and the number of deaths by 27.3%. According to available data, about 20% of the population lives in conditions of constantly high levels of air pollution with several harmful substances, which affects people's health.

The overall morbidity rate in the population of the Kirov region, compared to 1990, has increased by 10%, which is undoubtedly the influence of a polluted environment. Due to air pollution, the annual growth rate of cancer is increasing by 2.3%. The most common tumors are the lungs, breast, skin and hematopoietic organs. IN last years high level incidence is recorded in the northwestern and central regions of the region.

Main environmental pollutants and their effects:

• sulfur dioxide - irritating effects, disruption of metabolic processes in the body, enhances the effect of carcinogenic substances. Causes diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood, endocrine system;
• carbon monoxide - disrupts the ability of the blood to deliver oxygen to tissues, causes vascular spasms, reduces the body’s immunological reactivity;
• nitrogen oxides - decreased body resistance to diseases, decreased hemoglobin in the blood, irritation of the respiratory tract, oxygen starvation of tissues, especially in children. Strengthens the effect of carcinogenic substances. Causes respiratory and circulatory diseases, malignant neoplasms;
• lead - affects many organs and systems. Causes damage to the nervous system, hematopoietic system, and mutagenic effects.

Determination of air purity by lichen indication

There are three known ways to assess the ecological state of the environment: human sensations that arise upon contact with the environment; bioindication; chemical analysis of samples of various components of the environment.

Human perception (sense of smell) allows us to assess the state of air purity. You don't have to be a big expert to determine this. However, this perception is individual in nature and allows you to make qualitative assessment. But the most accurate information can be determined using bioindication - based on the condition of the plants. Since in our area one of the main pollutants is sulfur dioxide, which is formed during the combustion of sulfur-containing fuel - heating stoves of the population, during the operation of boiler houses, as well as transport, especially diesel.

Plant resistance to sulfur dioxide varies: the least resistant to sulfur dioxide are lichens, annual bluegrass, conifers, wheat, barley and alfalfa. For a number of plants, the boundaries of their life activity and maximum permissible concentrations of sulfur dioxide in the air have been established. MPC value (mg/cubic m): for timothy and common lilac - 0.2; barberry - 0.5; meadow fescue - 1.0; maple - 2.0.

Lichens are widespread organisms with a fairly high tolerance to environmental pollution. The special sensitivity of lichens to toxic substances is explained by the fact that they cannot excrete environment harmful elements absorbed by them. Lichens react most sharply to sulfur dioxide, which quickly destroys the already small amount of their chlorophyll. A sulfur dioxide concentration of 0.5 is detrimental to all types of lichens.

Based on the structure of the thallus, lichens are divided into three types:

• crustose lichens (crust), having a thallus in the form of a thin crust and fused with the substrate so that it is impossible to separate the lichen without damaging the substrate; the crust can be smooth, granular, lumpy;
• leafy, having the appearance of thin scales or plates attached by bunches of mushroom vultures to the substrate, from which they are easily separated;
• bushy, having the appearance of thin threads or branching bushes, attached to the substrate at their base.

In order to determine the class of air pollution by lichen indication, you need to select three points: the end of Tsentralnaya Street, the school area and the turn onto the asphalt. To conduct the study, 3-5 mature trees aged 30-35 years and with a trunk diameter of more than 15 cm are selected. Based on the study, we can conclude that, based on the type of pollution, the air in the village belongs to pollution class I-II. The air around the turn onto the asphalt is more polluted. This is explained by the fact that cars and tractors constantly pass through the village. Analyzing the availability of equipment in the village, we can conclude that the exhaust gases of cars and tractors cause great harm to the cleanliness of the air. The air is also polluted by burning stoves, dust and burning garbage.

Characteristics of human health status

As a result of this air quality, today there are many people living in this village whose health has deteriorated due to the quality of the air they breathe. Due to environmental pollution, the number of diseases associated with clean air has increased over the past year. Allergic diseases and bronchitis predominate among them.

The country is undertaking a major fight against air pollution. The Law on Atmospheric Air Protection was adopted. In recent years, air pollution in cities has decreased. Measures have been developed to prevent air pollution from road transport. One of the important measures is to improve the quality motor fuel, as well as prohibiting the use of leaded gasoline in cities. To reduce harmful emissions, a set of measures is used: improvement of production process technologies; development of low-waste and non-waste technologies; improvement of gas purification methods and designs of dust and gas purification traps; equipment sealing. However, the creation of the most advanced treatment facilities cannot solve the problem of atmospheric air protection. The true fight for its purity is the fight against the need for such structures. The quality of atmospheric air can only be improved by creating waste-free industries. The bottom line is that all raw materials are converted into one product or another. Waste-free production is an almost closed system, organized by analogy with natural systems, the functioning of which is based on the biogeochemical cycle of substances.

Green spaces play a major role in protecting and maintaining the purity of atmospheric air: they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, the leaves trap dust particles. For example, up to 70% of dust settles on trees, bushes and grass. 1 hectare of forest annually absorbs about 15 tons of carbon dioxide and releases about 11 tons of oxygen.

In order to maintain clean air in the area, the following measures must be taken:

• plant green spaces, since most of the pollutants and dust settle on their leaves. Especially a lot of such substances settle on the leaves of lilac and poplar;
• in order to maintain clean air in the village in the summer, water the streets so that after the passage of a car or tractor, dust does not rise into the air;
• prohibit the burning of garbage, since burning releases many harmful substances into the air;
• use gas fueled cars or use cars whose gasoline contains low sulfur.
• administration of the rural settlement to monitor the implementation of some recommendations.

Topic: Clean air is the key to health

Goals: Study the mechanisms of interaction of natural objects with air.

Tasks: give an idea of ​​why air necessary for life on earth, about its significance for life; develop research skills, the ability to observe, compare, draw conclusions, develop thinking, cognitive interest in the world around them; develop communication skills, collaborate in small group, listen to comrades, cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Lesson type. Combined lesson.

Lesson type. Research project.

Equipment: presentation, for experience: matches, flask, 2 candles, presentations, film “Air Pollution” - 3.45 minutes, rebus, task cards.

During the classes.

I. Psychological attitude

Breathing exercises.

1. Take a deep breath, exhale in portions.

2. Take a deep breath, exhale with a hiss.

3. Take a deep breath - arms up through your sides, rise to your toes, exhale - lower your arms down.

Why did we start the lesson with a breathing warm-up? (oxygen enters the blood through the lungs and improves brain function)

II. Updating knowledge and goal setting

We received an unusual telegram marked “ECOLOGY”.

What is ecology? (on the table of each group is a definition from Ozhegov’s dictionary)

Ecology is a science that studies how plants and animals are connected to air, water, earth, and humans, how humans depend on nature and how they influence it through their actions.

Study the telegram and tell me what it is about. (We are for clean air).

Based on the concept of ECOLOGY, who do you think could have sent this telegram? Anyone who depends on clean air (plants, water, animals, humans).

An interaction diagram appears on the board.

What does the phrase “CLEAN AIR” mean? Is there DIRTY air?

The problem is air pollution

Hypothesis –air people pollute.

Target. Find ways to solve the problem (how to save air).

What people are called. Which ones solve such problems? (ecologists)

Ozhegov’s dictionary says that ecologists are people who deal with ecology and protect nature. They explain to everyone how to live and run a household so as not to destroy nature and themselves.

– To realize the purpose of the lesson, I propose to work according to the following plan and do a little research.

Students read the points of the plan :

PLAN

2. Study of air pollution factors.

3. Study of natural factors that purify the air.

4. Studying methods of air purification.

1. Properties and composition of clean air.

Brainstorming Strategy

Name the basic concepts that relate to the topic “Air” (from each group in turn)

Carousel strategy

The box contains questions on the topic “Air”. We read the question to the next group. The neighboring group responds and so on.

Mini-test “Air and its protection” (one group does the test on a computer - simulator, the rest on pieces of paper)

peer review in pairs.

Evaluation criteria:

“5” - all answers are correct

“4” - four correct answers

“3” - three correct answers

lower than three – did not finish studying (textbook page 66 -67)

1. What is air?

A) gas

B) special liquid

B) mixture of gases

2. What substances make up air?

a) hydrogen, copper, zinc;

b) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide;

c) chlorine, fluorine, iodine.

3. What air gas is needed for breathing?

a) nitrogen;

b) oxygen;

c) carbon dioxide.

4. What properties does air have?

A) blue color, like the sky, conducts sounds, transmits the sun's rays, and has no smell.

b) transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated and contracts when cooled, conducts heat poorly.

c) dust blows through the air with the wind, the smell depends on surrounding objects, and with a sharp change in the boundary of heat and cold, winds are formed.

5. What happens to air when heated?

a) boils

b) turns into water

c) expands

III. Research project.

3. Study of air pollution factors (work in groups with the textbook text from 68-69)

Study the text and answer the questions:

What pollutes the atmosphere? ( 1 group)

How does air pollution affect human health? ( 2nd group)

How does air pollution affect plants? ( 3 group)

Look at the photographs and name the main sources of air pollution. (4 group)

Guys, people and animals, factories and machines - everyone needs air. Why isn’t there less of it on earth? (answers)

Because there are green plants on Earth. A person breathes oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. And plants, as it were, breathe carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, which is necessary for people and animals.

Guys, what can cause air pollution?

Many factories are being built in cities. From their chimneys smoke rises into the air, containing a lot of dust and toxic substances harmful to the health of all living beings. Car exhaust fumes also pollute the air.

What do people do to keep the air clean? (answers)

Factories operate installations that capture dust and toxic gases. Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air..

The main air purifier is green spaces. That's why it's so easy to breathe in the forest.

And in the city, poplar and sunflower are the best at purifying the air from pollution. The poplar tree alone produces as much oxygen as 3 linden trees, 7 spruce trees, and 4 aspen trees.

Nowadays, a lot is being done to protect air cleanliness:

1) Many enterprises operate installations that capture dust, soot, and toxic gases.

2) Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air.

- "Candle Burning" Experience

Problem: Do you think fire pollutes the air?

What happens if you hold a metal spoon over the flame of an ordinary candle?

Proposing hypotheses: Those who want to express their opinions.

(We repeat the rules for handling fire and hot objects)

Conducting the experiment:

Hold a metal spoon over the candle flame. We show the resulting soot, cool it and offer to touch it with your finger. What did your finger look like?

Conclusion: the same dirt gets into the air along with the smoke, and then we breathe it.

Which gas is the most important in the air? (Oxygen - we all breathe oxygen.)

We inhale air that contains oxygen, and we exhale air without oxygen. This gas is called carbon dioxide and is unsuitable for breathing.
We need oxygen to breathe, just like plants. Only during the day they produce oxygen, and at night, on the contrary, they release carbon dioxide, so you can’t keep a lot of flowers in the room where you sleep.

Physical exercise.

Game “What pollutes the air?” (clap hands)

Forest, fire, plastic bottles, birds, car exhaust, cigarettes, animals, factory smoke, grass, plowed land, insects.

4. Solving environmental problems (work in groups).

Solve the problem:

1 group . One large tree produces as much oxygen per day as is needed for one person. In the city, due to the release of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, the release of oxygen is reduced by 10 times.How many trees should there be? to provide oxygen to the city of Rudny, home to 100,000 people?(1,000,000 large trees)

2nd group . A small coniferous forest filters out 35 tons of dust per year, and the same deciduous forest filters out 70 tons.How many times Does a coniferous forest filter out less dust per year than a deciduous forest? What trees are best to plant in the city?(2 times. It is better to plant deciduous trees)

3 group . The oak grove releases 830 kg per year. oxygen, and the same pine grove - 540 kg.How much more does an oak grove produce more oxygen than a pine grove?(290kg more)

4 group . Of the 250,000 plant species on Earth, 1/10 are endangered.How many plant species on Earth are on the verge of extinction? (25,000 species)

5 group. Each inhabitant of the Earth spends the amount of paper per year that is obtained from three coniferous trees. How many coniferous trees per year are required foryours family?(5 people=15 coniferous trees)

Based on the results of the tasks, draw a conclusion on the third point of our plan.

Unfortunately, there are often problems with the green spaces of the city: the wrong tree species are chosen that are required for the city.

Man and air

Human activities sometimes cause enormous harm to the planet.

Waste from plants and factories Slide “Smoke of factories and factories”

Forest fires Slide “Fires”

Urban pollution Slide " Smog of cities"

Lots of cars Slide “Cars”, Slide “Deforestation”

Is the air on our planet clean?

5. Watch the film “Air Pollution” - 3 min. 45 sec

What can we do to maintain clean air? (students' answers)

On whom does the cleanliness of our planet depend? ?

IV. Reflection. Poster “Clean air is the key to health”

Children bring illustrations and material from newspapers and magazines in advance , and the group makes a collage on the topic.

Plant trees

Love the trees!

Let there be more of them

By rivers and roads...

Life is cloudless -

And the earth turns green,

And gentle

Born in the leaves

Breeze.

V. Homework: Work on the “Clean City” project:

Draw a picture on A-4 format, write at least 5 rules: “How to make the city clean.”

• Work in pairs. Reception of the Association. Fill in the empty squares with key concepts on the topic “Air”

Carousel game (dialogue learning - low order questions)

1. What is air
2. How much does air weigh
3. Where is the air
4. What is atmosphere
5. What does the atmosphere protect against?
6. What is the thickness of the atmosphere
7. Name the properties of air
8. What is air made of?
9. What gas does a person need?

• Mini-test “Air and its properties” (one group does the test on the computer, the rest on pieces of paper)

peer review in pairs.

Evaluation criteria:

“5” - all answers are correct

“3” - three correct answers

lower than three - did not finish studying (textbook page 66 -67)

1. What is air?

B) special liquid

B) mixture of gases

a) hydrogen, copper, zinc;

c) chlorine, fluorine, iodine.

b) oxygen;

c) carbon dioxide.

5. What happens to air when heated?

b) turns into water

c) expands

What pollutes the atmosphere? ( 1 group)

2nd group)

3 group)

(4 group)

• (discussion and answers)

The room is 10 times dirtier.

forms of allergies.)

Health rules:

drivers warm up their engines.

Waste from plants and factories Slide “Smoke of factories and factories”

Forest fires Slide “Fires”

Urban pollution Slide " Smog of cities"

Lots of cars Slide “Cars”, Slide “Deforestation”

- "Candle Burning" Experience

Problem:

Proposing hypotheses:

Conducting the experiment:

Conclusion :

Which gas is the most important in the air? (Oxygen - we all breathe oxygen.)

We need oxygen to breathe, just like plants. Only during the day they produce oxygen, and at night, on the contrary, they release carbon dioxide, so you can’t keep a lot of flowers in the room where you sleep.

Physical exercise.

Solve the problem:

1 group . How many trees should there be? (1,000,000 large trees)

2nd group . A small coniferous forest filters out 35 tons of dust per year, and the same deciduous forest filters out 70 tons. How many times

3 group . How much more (290kg more)

4 group. How many plant species on Earth are on the verge of extinction? (25,000 species)

5 group. yours family?

(students' answers)

On whom does the cleanliness of our planet depend?

IV. Poster “Clean air is the key to health”

Children bring illustrations in advance, material from newspapers, magazines, and in a group they makeposteron this topic.

We are talking about
That the whole Earth is our common home -
Our good home, spacious home,
We all live in it from birth.
We are also talking about this,
That we must take care of our home.
Let's prove that it's not in vain
The Earth hopes for us.
Let's save the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her!

V. Reflection.

View document contents
“Lesson summary “Clean air is the key to health””

Topic: Clean air is the key to health

Goals: Study the mechanisms of interaction of natural objects with air.

Tasks: give an idea of ​​why air necessary for life on earth, about its significance for life; develop research skills, the ability to observe, compare, draw conclusions, develop thinking, cognitive interest in the world around them; develop communication skills, cooperate in a small group, listen to comrades, cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Lesson type. Combined lesson.

Lesson type. Research project.

Equipment: presentation, for experience: matches, flask, 2 candles, presentations, film “Air Pollution” - 3.45 minutes, task cards.

During the classes.

I. Psychological attitude

Breathing exercises.

1. Take a deep breath, exhale in portions.

2. Take a deep breath, exhale with a hiss.

3. Take a deep breath - arms up through your sides, rise to your toes, exhale - lower your arms down.

Why did we start the lesson with a breathing warm-up? (oxygen enters the blood through the lungs and improves brain function)

II. Updating knowledge and goal setting

We received an unusual telegram marked “ECOLOGY”.

What is ecology? (on the table at each group is a definition from Ozhegov’s dictionary

Ecology is a science that studies how plants and animals are connected to air, water, earth, and humans, how humans depend on nature and how they influence it through their actions.

Based on the concept of ECOLOGY, who do you think could have sent this telegram? Anyone who depends on clean air (plants, water, animals, humans).

What does the phrase “CLEAN AIR” mean? Is there DIRTY air?

The problem is air pollution

Hypothesis – air people pollute.

What people are called. Which ones solve such problems? (ecologists)

Ozhegov’s dictionary says that ecologists– these are people who are engaged in ecology and protect nature. They explain to everyone how to live and run a household so as not to destroy nature and themselves.

– To realize the purpose of the lesson, I propose to work according to the following plan and conduct a little research.

Students read the points of the plan:

PLAN

1. Repetition. Properties and composition of clean air.

2. Study of air pollution factors.

3. Study of natural factors that purify the air.

4. Studying methods of air purification.

1. Repetition. Properties and composition of clean air.

"Brainstorm"

Name the basic concepts that relate to the topic “Air” (from each group in turn)

Work in pairs. Reception of the Association. Fill in the empty squares with key concepts on the topic “Air”

AIR

Carousel game (dialogue learning – low order questions)

The box contains questions with numbers from 1-12 on the topic “Air”. The speaker takes out the question number, the teacher reads the question, and the group answers (3 questions for each group).

What is air

How much does air weigh

Where is the air

What is atmosphere

What does the atmosphere protect against?

What is the thickness of the atmosphere

Name the properties of air

What is air made of?

What gas does a person need?

How long can a person live without air?

How much oxygen does a person need per day?

Which planet has an atmosphere but no life?

Mini-test “Air and its properties” (one group does the test on the computer, the rest on pieces of paper)

peer review in pairs.

Evaluation criteria:

“5” - all answers are correct

“4” - four correct answers

“3” - three correct answers

lower than three – did not finish studying (textbook page 66 -67)

1. What is air?

B) special liquid

B) mixture of gases

2. What substances make up air?

a) hydrogen, copper, zinc;

b) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide;

c) chlorine, fluorine, iodine.

3. What air gas is needed for breathing?

b) oxygen;

c) carbon dioxide.

4. What properties does air have?

a) blue, like the sky, conducts sounds, transmits sun rays, has no odor.

b) transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated and contracts when cooled, conducts heat poorly.

c) dust blows through the air with the wind, the smell depends on surrounding objects, and with a sharp change in the boundary of heat and cold, winds are formed.

5. What happens to air when heated?

b) turns into water

c) expands

III. Research project.

3. Study of air pollution factors (work in groups with the textbook text from 68-69)

Study the text and answer the questions:

What pollutes the atmosphere? ( 1 group)

How does air pollution affect human health? ( 2nd group)

How does air pollution affect plants? ( 3 group)

Look at the photographs and name the main sources of air pollution. (4 group)

Guys, people and animals, factories and machines - everyone needs air.

Why isn’t there less of it on earth?(discussion and answers)

Because there are green plants on Earth. A person breathes oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. And plants, as it were, breathe carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, which is necessary for people and animals. That's why it's so easy to breathe in the forest.

Where do you think the air is cleaner: outdoors or indoors? (group discussion and children's answers)

The room is 10 times dirtier.

Where does dust come from? (Particles of human and animal skin,

villi of various fabrics and carpets, and they contain a lot of bacteria and

microbes that infect the respiratory tract and cause various

forms of allergies.)

How to protect indoor air: at home, in the classroom?

Health rules:

1. Try to stay near the road less, and if necessary,

try not to breathe deeply, breathe only through your nose.

3. The air in apartments is very dirty due to the accumulation of dust, so

rooms must be constantly ventilated with good drafts; people should be in another room at this time.

4. Residents of the first floors should not open the windows when there are a lot of working machines under the windows, especially in the mornings, when

drivers warm up their engines.

Guys, what can cause air pollution??

Many factories are being built in cities. From their chimneys smoke rises into the air, containing a lot of dust and toxic substances harmful to the health of all living beings. Car exhaust fumes also pollute the air.

Human activities sometimes cause enormous harm to the planet.

Waste from plants and factories Slide “Smoke of factories and factories”

Forest fires Slide “Fires”

Urban pollution Slide " Smog of cities"

Lots of cars Slide “Cars”, Slide “Deforestation”

- "Candle Burning" Experience

Problem: Do you think fire pollutes the air?

What happens if you hold a metal spoon over the flame of an ordinary candle?

Proposing hypotheses: Those who want to express their opinions.

(We repeat the rules for handling fire and hot objects)

Conducting the experiment:

Hold a metal spoon over the candle flame. We show the resulting soot, cool it and offer to touch it with your finger. What did your finger look like?

Conclusion : the same dirt gets into the air along with the smoke, and then we breathe it.

Which gas is the most important in the air? (Oxygen - we all breathe oxygen.)

We inhale air that contains oxygen, and we exhale air without oxygen. This gas is called carbon dioxide and is unsuitable for breathing.
We need oxygen to breathe, just like plants. Only during the day they produce oxygen, and at night, on the contrary, they release carbon dioxide, so you can’t keep a lot of flowers in the room where you sleep.

Is the air on our planet clean?

What do people do to keep the air clean? (answers)

Factories operate installations that capture dust and toxic gases. Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air.

And in the city, poplar and sunflower are the best at purifying the air from pollution. The poplar tree alone produces as much oxygen as 3 linden trees, 7 spruce trees, and 4 aspen trees.

Physical exercise.

Game “What pollutes the air?” (clap hands)

Forest, fire, plastic bottles, birds, car exhaust, cigarettes, animals, factory smoke, grass, plowed land, insects.

4. Solving environmental problems (work in groups).

Solve the problem:

1 group . One large tree produces as much oxygen per day as is needed for one person. In the city, due to the release of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, the release of oxygen is reduced by 10 times. How many trees should there be? to provide oxygen to the city of Rudny, home to 100,000 people? (1,000,000 large trees)

2nd group . A small coniferous forest filters out 35 tons of dust per year, and the same deciduous forest filters out 70 tons. How many times Does a coniferous forest filter out less dust per year than a deciduous forest? What trees are best to plant in the city? (2 times. It is better to plant deciduous trees)

3 group . The oak grove releases 830 kg per year. oxygen, and the same pine grove - 540 kg. How much more does an oak grove produce more oxygen than a pine grove? (290kg more)

4 group . Of the 250,000 plant species on Earth, 1/10 are endangered. How many plant species on Earth are on the verge of extinction?(25,000 species)

5 group. Each inhabitant of the Earth spends the amount of paper per year that is obtained from three coniferous trees. How many coniferous trees per year are required for yours family? (5 people=15 coniferous trees)

Based on the results of the tasks, draw a conclusion on the third point of our plan.

Unfortunately, there are often problems with the green spaces of the city: the wrong tree species are chosen that are required for the city.

5. Watching the film “Atmospheric Pollution” - 3 min. 45 sec

What can we do to maintain clean air? (students' answers)

On whom does the cleanliness of our planet depend?

6. Individual work. Show with arrows what pollutes the air.

IV. Poster “Clean air is the key to health”

Children bring illustrations in advance, material from newspapers, magazines, and in a group they make poster on this topic.

We are talking about
That the whole Earth is our common home -
Our good home, spacious home,
We all live in it from birth.
We are also talking about this,
That we must take care of our home.
Let's prove that it's not in vain
The Earth hopes for us.
Let's save the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her!

V. Reflection.

Individual score sheet

On the deskreception "Traffic light"

(children use a sticker to show how they have mastered the material)

THE SUBJECT IS UNCLEAR -

ANY QUESTIONS REMAIN –

I GOT IT –

V. Homework: Work on the “Clean City” project:

Draw a picture on A-4 format, write at least 5 rules: “How to make the city clean.”

Throughout its existence, humanity has had an impact on the environment, and this impact has not always been positive. At first, the negative impact of humans on nature was not particularly noticeable, but with the growth of civilization and the development of technological progress, the role of the anthropogenic factor in environmental pollution began to rapidly increase.

Today, industrial enterprises, cars, and smoking waste dumps emit large amounts of toxic substances into the atmosphere. The amount of these harmful emissions is constantly increasing, so the problem of maintaining clean air is becoming more acute.

The first serious step towards improving the environmental situation on a global scale was the Kyoto Protocol, which provides for greater restrictions on harmful emissions into the atmosphere on a global scale. This protocol has currently been signed by 192 countries, including Russia.

U Kyoto Protocol There is annex B, countries that sign this annex undertake not to exceed certain limits on emissions of toxic and greenhouse gases. If any Annex B country does not fully utilize the quotas allocated to it, it has the right to sell them as unused quotas. This protocol also provides for a reduction in the use of hydrocarbon raw materials with its gradual replacement with biofuels. This is a very timely agreement; environmentalists’ forecasts indicate that excessive combustion of hydrocarbons can lead to the fact that in 50-70 years there will be no practically healthy people left on earth.

Clean air is the key to longevity; the main condition for increasing people's life expectancy is solving the problem of air pollution. Hong Kong scientists, based on statistical data, have proven that in the 12 years since the requirements to reduce the content of sulfur oxides in car exhausts have been tightened, average duration life increased by 2 years.

Forests play a particularly important role in preserving clean atmospheric air; it is not for nothing that they are called the lungs of the planet. They are the main source of oxygen, so it is necessary to combat uncontrolled deforestation and protect them from destruction. Today, tropical forests are in great danger. Every minute, the area of ​​equatorial rainforests is reduced by 23 hectares.

Burning landfills of household and construction waste make a big contribution to air pollution; when burned, they release toxic substances that are hazardous to health. For example, when particle boards burn, phenol, formaldehyde and other harmful components are released. To limit this source of pollution as much as possible, it is necessary to combat unauthorized landfills, a ban on burning household waste within the city is also necessary, and a ban on burning fallen autumn leaves would not be out of place. One of the main ways to solve this problem is the construction of modern waste processing plants.

One third of total air pollution comes from road transport. The number of cars is constantly increasing, they burn huge amounts of fuel, and many harmful substances are released into the environment with exhaust gases. Currently, many experimental models of electric vehicles and cars are being developed. solar powered, but most of these models are still far from perfect and they cannot yet play a significant role in solving the problem of air pollution. At this stage, a more effective method is to switch to new fuel standards with fewer harmful substances in the exhaust.

Another significant step in solving the problem of reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere is the modernization of production using a closed cycle and the introduction of the principle of waste-free production, and where this is impossible for some reason, the construction of a new type of treatment facilities.

Preserving clean air is one of the priorities of our time; if we manage to do this now, our descendants will be grateful to us.