Record speeds for speed skaters. What is the maximum speed of speed skaters on a track? How fast do speed skaters go?

Speed ​​skating (speed skating)- an Olympic sport in which you need to cover a certain distance on skates faster than your opponents. Currently, speed skating competitions are held in a closed circle. Speed ​​skating competitions are held separately for men and women.

History of the emergence and development of speed skating

Speed ​​skating is one of the most ancient sports. Archaeological finds indicate that people used prototypes of skates more than 3,000 years ago. For the first time in literature, skating was mentioned by the monk Stephanius in his work “Chronicle of the Noble City of London” in 1174.

In 1742, the first skating clubs began to appear in Scotland.

In 1763, the first ice skating competitions were officially recorded, but at that time there were no clearly defined rules and these were simply races.

In 1772, the first rules for speed skating appeared.

Since 1830, skating clubs began to appear in England, America and Russia. In 1879, the first national championship was organized in England.

In 1889, the first world ice skating championships took place in the Netherlands. The winner was Russian athlete Alexander Panshin.

In 1892, the International Skating Union (International Skating Federation) was founded, which awarded the 1889 competition the status of professional and similar competitions began to be held annually. The International Skating Union organizes and conducts speed skating competitions.

European Championships for men began to be held in 1893, and for women in 1970.

Speed ​​skating has been part of the Winter Olympics since its inception. Initially, the races were held at four distances - 500, 1500, 5000, 10000 meters and all-around.

In 1967, the International Skating Union adopted short track speed skating under its auspices, competitions for which began to be held in 1981. In 1992, short track speed skating was included in the Olympic Games program.

Speed ​​skating rules

At competitions, athletes run in pairs counterclockwise. At the start, one athlete is on the outer lane and the other on the inner lane, and after each lap the skaters are required to change lanes. When changing lanes, there are situations when athletes find themselves on a straight line next to each other. If this happens, the athlete on the inner track must let the runner on the outer track pass. Failure to comply with this rule will result in disqualification. Team races and mass starts take place exclusively on the internal track.

In short track speed skating, athletes also move counterclockwise, but up to six athletes can take part in a race. Skaters are prohibited from interfering or helping other participants in any way, as well as knocking down the markers that limit the track and putting their foot forward at the finish line, tearing the skate off the ice.

Speed ​​skating track

The speed skating track is an oval 400 or, much less frequently, 333 meters long. The internal turning radius is 25-26 meters. The straight sections of the route are approximately 100 meters long.

The speed skating track has two tracks (inner and outer). One of the straight sections is a transition section for athletes; in this section, tracks change on each lap.

The short track track is 111.12 meters long, the radius of turns is 8 meters, and the distance between curves is 28.85 meters. Typically, a short track track is marked on a hockey field.

Speed ​​skating equipment

For speed skating, special klap skates (klap skate) were invented - special skates for classical running. The blade on such skates is fixed with a special spring hinge and only on the front part of the boot. This is done specifically to increase the repulsion phase, and, therefore, allows you to achieve higher speeds.

A speed skating suit (suit) must follow the natural shape of the athlete’s body. Inserts or elements that change the shape of the body are prohibited. To protect against injury, athletes may wear shin, ankle, and knee protection under their overalls.

A protective helmet in speed skating must follow the shape of the head.

In short track speed skating, athletes additionally wear goggles, gloves, knee pads, and neck protection.

Judging

The panel of judges at international competitions includes:

• referee;
• assistant referees;
• starters with assistants;
• finish judge;
• timekeepers (manual timing);
• timekeepers (automatic timing);
• lap counters;
• judges on the track - one at each turn (at the championships of the International Skating Union and at the Olympic Games - 2 at each turn);
• crossing judge;
• necessary substitutes for judges;
• ice technical expert.

Speed ​​skating competition

• The Olympic Games are the most prestigious championship in speed skating, held once every four years.
• The World Championships (WCH) in speed skating is a series of international sports competitions held by the International Skating Union.
• European Speed ​​Skating Championships.
• The World Cup is a series of winter speed skating competitions held under the auspices of the International Skating Federation.
• National Championships.

The history of speed skating began in XII. Written sources have been preserved - the notes of the monk Stephanius, evidence of the first competitions in London. The opening of the first club in the discipline took place in 1604. At the end of the 18th century, a set of rules for competition participants was published. The speed skater's record speed has been officially recorded since 1890. Today, the title of champion is awarded to athletes who win three out of four distances.

A person always strives for more, develops abilities and creates auxiliary equipment to improve performance. It is difficult to determine exactly what speed speed skaters can achieve. Its development on the track depends on the athlete’s physical preparation, equipment, distance, and the condition of the ice surface. At the skating rink, ice skating enthusiasts move at a speed of 3-5 km/h, with a maximum speed of 12 km/h. Traffic is limited by congestion on the highway. Developing greater speed is the task of professional athletes. In hockey, players can skate at speeds of up to 40 km/h. The record among hockey players was set by Maxim Afinogenov, the speed of movement was 46 km/h. The average speed among speed skaters is between 45 and 50. The figures do not refer to constant data. On straight sections, the ability to develop speed increases. Statistics determine the average speed is 5 km more.

First world record holder

Oskar Grunden wrote his name in the history of sports. He became the first record holder in the short distance of 500 meters. The Norwegian athlete completed it in 50.8 seconds, but it was not long before he managed to improve his result. The sprinter's speed was recorded in 1891.

The first person in the world to receive the status of Olympic champion three times at one Winter Games was Clas Thunberg. The athlete from Finland began a series of victories in 1923. The young speed skater began training in the discipline at the age of 18. Over ten years of work, he managed to achieve worldwide fame and top the list of world stars. The historical event took place at the stadium of the French city of Chamonix in 1924. At the age of 28, a resident of Helsinki won his first European champion title. The next ten years became the most successful in the speed skating career. The best result was brought to the athlete by the short track - a distance of 500 m and a track of 1.5 km.

Unratified records

At the 2007 competition in Salt Lake City, two athletes did not receive record holder status due to a judge's decision. Jeremy Wotherspoon, the Canadian representative, did not receive gold in the sprint all-around. Chiare Simionato - Italy did not count 154.777 points in the small all-around.

The last failed record holder was Denis Yuskova from Russia. At the Olympics in Calgary, the result of 3:34.37 was not counted.

The results could not be ratified due to violation of speed skating rules.

The most titled speed skaters

The athletes are multiple winners of Olympic gold and come from different countries of the world: Norway, the Netherlands, Russia, America, Japan, Finland. Women's world records received official recognition later than men's. The decision to begin registration was approved in 1929.

Achievements of men

Among Dutch athletes, Jaap Eden became the world champion three times. During his career, he set five world records. He managed to cover 1500 and 5000 meters as quickly as possible. Compatriot Adrianus Schendk won seven medals during his time in professional sports and became world champion three times. Robert Ritsma managed to surpass his comrades. He received the title of Olympic champion four times. The skater has six victories at the European Championships. Sven Kramer entered the list of the most titled speed skaters from the Netherlands in 2015-2017, receiving a nine-time European champion title. Ice running helped Norwegian athletes gain worldwide fame: Hjalmar Andersen, Johan-Olaf Koss, Michael Straxurd, Ivar Ballangrud, Oscar Mathiesen.

Russian Oleg Goncharenko is well known to the world sports community. The athlete, originally from the city of Kharkov (Ukraine), showed high results at competitions in Helsinki in 1953. The young talent won the 5,000 and 10,000 m tracks, received silver in the 1,500 m race. The past stages of the all-around brought him first place in the results, making him the first Soviet world champion.

Women's records

In the sports discipline, the name of Yulia Lipnitskaya is well known to the world community. At the age of 15, the girl led the Russian team to victory at the 2014 competition in Sochi. Katharina Witt - an East German athlete received the title of singles champion twice, became first in the world four times and six in Europe. Oksana Baiul, originally from Ukraine, became an Olympic winner at the 1994 championship and a one-time winner of world gold in 1993. American Michelle Kwan has stood on the world podium five times. The girl is second only to Sonya Henie, the first and only three-time Olympic champion to date.

Fastest speed skater in the world

The results of female speed skating athletes can be compared at different distances. The fastest speed skater in the world is the champion on the shortest track. Today it is Pavel Kulizhnikov. The Russian showed a record speed at 500 meters. In November 2015, the young man overcame the obstacle in 33.98 seconds and made no technical errors. The young man, originally from the Komi Republic, began his sports career as a speed skater at the age of 12. After moving to Kolomna, his father helped Pavel find his calling and sent his son to speed skating training. Skating on ice became my life's work. After his disqualification in 2012, Kulizhnikov did not give up. After disqualification, he restored his name and showed a decent result, returning to the ice as a winner. The 24-year-old young man was the first among Russians to achieve such heights of sport.

Myths and reality

Truth and fiction have their place in every sphere of human activity. The reality does not correspond to the following statements:

1. The speed of your legs plays a major role when sliding on ice - this is a myth. Maximum acceleration is obtained when taking almost equal steps. The best results are obtained when making smooth movements.
2. If a skater falls before the finish line, the result is not recognized. Assumption refers to fiction. The rules confirm the victory of the participant when the athlete’s skate crosses the finish line.
3. During long races, participants become fatigued. Medical research has proven this assumption to be false. At the end of the distance, professional athletes feel better than at the beginning of the route.

Speed ​​skating is one of the most popular disciplines in the world. The development of the direction occurs annually: equipment is modernized, athletes master new elements. Every year new record holders are set, and the speed of skaters over distances becomes higher. The spectacular sports discipline is ready to surprise fans.

Achievements of men in speed skating

Jeremy Lee Wotherspoon. Canadian athlete. Four-time world champion. 1998 Olympics in Nagano - silver. Author of many world-class records at distances of 500 and 1,000 m.

On November 9, 2007, in Salt Lake City (USA), Wotherspoon covered the 500 m distance in 34:03 seconds. Already on March 15 of the next year at the World Cup in Calgary, Canada, 500 m x 2 - 68.31 seconds.

Shani Davis. USA. Two Olympic gold medals at 1,000 m and two silver at 1,500 m in 2006 and 2010. Multiple world champion.

Records were set in 2009 in Salt Lake City:

Sven Kramer. Netherlands. Three-time Olympic champion. Six-time European champion. Multiple world champion. A fast-moving legend at distances of 5 and 10 thousand meters. The maximum speed of a speed skater is a world record that no one has yet overcome.

On March 10, 2007, in Salt Lake City, Sven Kramer literally flew the 10,000 m distance in just 12 minutes and 41.69 seconds. The very next day, this unique person sets a new record in the team race: 8 laps completed in 3 minutes and 37.80 seconds.

In Calgary on November 17, 2007, he accomplishes the impossible: two world records. Kramer covered the 5,000 m distance in 6:03.32, and the 3,000 m in 3:37.15.

Women's speed skating records

In America, at the 2013 World Championships in Salt Lake City, miracles of speed were shown:

South Korean two-time Olympic champion Lee Sang-hwa ran 500m in 36.36 seconds (November 16);

The 1,500 m record was set by Canadian Cindy Klassen, also in Salt Lake City, only back in 2005, on November 20. Her time is 1:51.79. The beauty is an Olympic champion, four-time world champion and the author of 13 world records. Her achievement at 3,000 m is 3:53.34 (Calgary, March 18, 2006) so far no one has disputed.

The 5,000 m record was 6:42.66 in Salt Lake City by Czech Martina Sablikova. She became an Olympic champion three times and is a multiple European and world champion.

19.01.2018

Average and maximum. Speed ​​records.

When talking about speed on skates, it is difficult to name one single figure. In many ways it depends on the level of the skater and his equipment, on the surface, and of course - discipline.

Average speed on the skating rink

A skating rink is a crowded and enclosed space. Where you have to maneuver and slow down a lot. And many visitors who have just started skating are often interested in when the next fall will happen.

The average speed on the skating rink can vary widely from 3-5 to 8-12 km/h. This is largely due to the congestion of the sites and a number of other reasons:
- going to the skating rink is often a time for family recreation, parents visit the ice with their children, are busy teaching them or just relaxing;
- rental skates that are issued in worn-out condition, are not able to provide the proper level of fixation and comfort. In this regard, for frequent skiing, we recommend purchasing personal brand new skates;
- a large amount of clothing greatly constrains and slows down movement.

Speed ​​in professional sports

Unlike recreational skating, the world of sports pleases with records and surprises with numbers.
In hockey, running speed is the main quality and for professional players it can reach 40 km/h. In 2011, Maxim Afinogenov became the fastest hockey player. He ran a 180-meter circle around the site in 13.96 seconds, which is 46 km/h!

In figure skating there is not much room for speed. This sport is designed to fascinate with its beauty, and secondarily with its sporting spirit. But figure skaters must maintain a certain speed in order to perform complex pirouettes. The acceleration speed before the jump can be 4-6 m/s, about 15-20 km/h.

Skaters can accelerate and maintain an average speed of 45-50 km/h.
The record holder in the 1000m distance was Shani Davis from the USA. Its average speed reached 54.2 km/h. In Salt Lake City at the same distance in 2007, on the first lap of the 400m long, Jeremy Wotherspoon showed best time and 59.21 km/h!

Andrey Burlyaev, an international master of sports in speed skating, has been showing good results over the past few years, performing well at the Russian championships and at the World Cup stages. But before prestigious competitions, something goes wrong...

So, two years ago, at the last moment he did not make it into the Olympic team and was unable to go to Turin, despite the fact that he had been preparing for this for two years. Last year he performed well at the Russian Championship and was supposed to go to the European Championship. But it didn’t work out! The athlete did not have time to obtain a visa to Italy... Weaker athletes went instead of him and performed unsuccessfully, which is why the quota of participants in the European speed skating forum for Russia was reduced to two people. To get to the Old World Championship, which will be held in Kolomna from January 12 to 15, 2008, Burlyaev had to become at least second at the Russian all-around championship in December. Andrey became third...

It’s a shame,” says Andrey. - Last year I was not allowed to perform. The results were not bad, it was possible to make a statement... In Moscow they openly stated: “Andryush, take care of the visa yourself, we are soon going to have New Year’s holidays and holidays.” I thought, okay, we’ll manage somehow at home. But here, too, no one offered help. Then they replaced me with young Muscovites. And, frankly speaking, we blew all the places. Everyone performed unsuccessfully with the exception of Vanya Skobrev, the leader of the team. And it turned out that at the European Championship, which will now be held at home, there will be two participants from Russia. I'm the first alternate. I'll fly to Kolomna. Don't run, just train.

But I’m no longer upset, I’ve gotten over it. I am 24 years old, which is quite young for my specialization. I think we will live to see Sochi. I feel that I have great potential and have room to grow. This is what I will do.

-Do you remember the first time you skated?

At about three years old, my father put me on skates. We had a family tradition - to go to the skating rink every weekend, even though no one was seriously involved in sports. At first I had these two-blade blades that were tied to felt boots... Later, a hockey box appeared in our yard in Solnechnaya Polyana, where I skated behind my older sister, and I got white figure skates. I remember my dad demanded some kind of technique from me. You could even say that my first coach was my father. When my future coach Vladimir Bastrykin came to us at gymnasium No. 45, I was in third grade. He invited me to join the section. And when the ice was filled, we were given the first skates and we went, I did better than anyone. For beginners, the ankle usually breaks and they fall. And I got on my skates and began to cut circles. The coach called me over and asked: “When did you learn to do this? That’s it, you’ll go to competitions.”

The realization that “this is mine” came at the junior age, when the first powerful victories happened. I remember how I won a competition where famous speed skaters were running and I exceeded the international level by 25 seconds. I didn’t believe the numbers I saw on the scoreboard!

I don't visit Barnaul very often. We train where there are skating rinks. Now I have returned from Chelyabinsk. A modern sports complex was built there. A very good skating base in Kolomna - there is very fast ice, a luxurious palace.

- What is it like to go out on the ice in Barnaul after such ice as in Chelyabinsk or Kolomna?

Of course, not the same quality, not the same level. You can't speed up on our ice. After absolutely ideal conditions, the slightest breeze seems like an irritant. Imagine what it was like four years ago, when there was not a single ice palace for speed skaters in Russia. And this is in such a big country! There are 17 skating rinks on the territory of one small Holland!

- Is there any point in such training?

Well, you can stand on the ice and slide. You won't get any proper training here.

“I wish I could sing with Daineko”

I have a couple of friends who have already retired from the sport, and I have seen what it cost them. You spend half your life doing one thing, and then suddenly quit it and plunge into another area...

But you can't escape this. I'm preparing myself. However, I still don’t know what I will do. I would like to open my own business, some small business. Or try yourself as a lawyer in sports. This year I am graduating from the Barnaul Law Institute.

- What topic is the diploma on?

I decided to write a thesis at the department of criminology, about some robberies, robberies, thefts...

- Why such a choice?!

I'm familiar with this. I did my internship at the Central District Department of Internal Affairs. He went with the investigative team to the robbery, helped to formalize and document everything. We took fingerprints and looked for evidence. Well... that's quite interesting.

And now you look at famous athletes and are surprised. Yagudin started singing with Daineko. Have you seen the clip? I also want to surprise someone. Burn your own disc. Or at least a song.

- Can you?

Yes! At school No. 45 I was a soloist in the choir. And then he began to be torn between sports and singing. The chorus girl said: “Please make up your mind.” And so I decided.

Speed ​​skating: secret questions

- Is it true that speed skaters skate in such a strange position because it’s faster?

From the outside it seems that this is inconvenient. But no other position is suitable for our sport. You can't run far while standing. This is the specificity - you need to resist the wind, cut through the air. Our overalls are made using special technologies, they are tested on special equipment - this is a whole science.

- Is it true that speed skaters move on the ice at the speed of a car?

At a distance of 500 meters, the speed can reach 70 kilometers per hour, can you imagine?! But there are falls. Overalls are torn, skates bend just like that...

- Is it true that you have to learn to endure stress?

Speed ​​skating is very “arable”. From the word "plowing". You need to endure a lot, step over yourself. The coach taught me this. Well, by nature there must be data. If you have sprinting white muscle fibers, then you can’t stand it or not, you won’t be able to stand it for more than 30 minutes. When you have two workouts a day for several months, fatigue accumulates like a snowball. It happens that you fall off your feet from fatigue, just to get to the sofa... This is considered normal in our country.

- Is it true that you can hate sports?

Overnight - no. Of course, everyone has temporary psychoses when something doesn’t work out. I want to break my skates and throw them away. And many people do just that! At the Olympics, you could see how one Belgian, after finishing, took his skates and began to scratch them on the asphalt. I've never done this before. Thank God it's discreet.

- Is it true that before you put on your skating boots for the first time, you need to keep them in the oven?

Yes its true! They need to be heated. Some people manage to do it with a hairdryer, others with an iron... Who has what they have on hand. New skates are specially made narrow. It takes a lot of effort to get your foot in there! And to make this easier, the skates are heated. When the carbon (the material from which the boots are made) “fits”, you need to very quickly put on the boot, lace it tightly and wrap it with an elastic bandage. Then put your feet in a “landing position”, as before the start, and sit like this until the carbon takes the shape of your feet.

- Is it true that speed skaters make good money?

It's a shame for me to complain. Enough to live, to do repairs in the apartment. Recently, commercial starts have appeared. There are not many of them, but you can earn at least some fees. It’s just a shame that those athletes who showed such results, even higher, ten years ago, did not have such an opportunity.

No personal life!

There is one problem. Because of sports - no personal life. Today I came home for ten days, tomorrow I will go to another city for a month, the day after tomorrow to Kolomna for a week, then home for two days. And where is your personal life?

And after all, there were already serious relationships with the girls, and it already seemed that the wedding was soon, that everything would be beautiful, that there was love. But no. And I understand more than anyone else that being alone for so long is difficult, not everyone will dare to do this. We recently sat with the guys from the national team in a bathhouse and discussed this topic. We have many older athletes, and only two are family athletes.

- Do you have a girlfriend now?

Yes. We met four months ago. And I haven’t been home for the last three months...