01.08.2023

Calculation of the cost of operating transport equipment. Conditions for increasing and decreasing fuel consumption rates For on-board trucks or road trains

These recommendations were compiled on the basis of the order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation "On the implementation of methodological recommendations on consumption rates of fuels and lubricants lubricants)". As well as additions to the orders and. Detailed information on fuel consumption by vehicle models is presented in the appendices of the orders.

General provisions

Methodological recommendations "Consumption rates of fuels and lubricants for road transport" (hereinafter referred to as fuel consumption standards) are intended for motor transport enterprises, organizations involved in the management and control system, entrepreneurs, etc., regardless of their form of ownership, operating automotive equipment and special rolling stock on vehicle chassis on the territory of the Russian Federation.
These recommendations provide the values of basic, transport and operational (including surcharges) fuel consumption standards for automotive rolling stock general purpose. Also, fuel consumption standards for the operation of special vehicles, the procedure for applying standards, formulas and methods for calculating standard fuel consumption during operation, reference standard data on the consumption of lubricants and special liquids, the values of winter allowances, etc.
The consumption rate of fuel and lubricants in relation to motor vehicles implies an established value for the measure of its consumption during operation of a vehicle of a specific model, brand or modification.

The consumption standards for fuels and lubricants in road transport are intended for calculating the standard value of fuel consumption at the point of consumption, for maintaining statistical and operational reporting, determining the cost of transportation and other types of transport work. And also for planning the needs of enterprises for the supply of petroleum products, for calculations of taxation of enterprises, implementation of economy and energy saving regimes for consumed petroleum products, settlements with vehicle users, drivers, etc.

When normalizing fuel consumption, a distinction is made between the basic value of fuel consumption, which is determined for each model, brand or modification of a car as a generally accepted norm, and the calculated value normative meaning fuel consumption, taking into account the transport work being performed and the operating conditions of the vehicle.

Fuel consumption standards for cars

4. Procedure for setting standards

Fuel consumption standards can be established for each model, brand and modification of vehicles in use and correspond to certain operating conditions of motor vehicles according to their classification and purpose. The standards include the fuel consumption required for the transport process. Fuel consumption for technical, garage and other internal economic needs not directly related to technological process transportation of passengers and cargo, is not included in the standards (in the tables) and is established separately.

For cars installed the following types norms:

basic rate in liters per 100 km (l/100 km) of car mileage vehicle(ATS) in equipped condition;
transport norm in liters per 100 km (l/100 km) mileage when carrying out transport work:
a bus, which takes into account the curb weight and the nominal passenger load normalized for the purpose of the bus;
dump truck, which takes into account the curb weight and the normalized loading of the dump truck (with a coefficient of 0.5);
the transport norm in liters per 100 ton-kilometers (l/100 tkm) when carrying out the transport work of a truck takes into account fuel consumption additional to the basic norm when driving a vehicle with cargo, a road train with a trailer or semi-trailer without cargo and with cargo, or using previously established coefficients for every ton of transported cargo, weight of a trailer or semi-trailer - up to 1.3 l/100 km and up to 2.0 l/100 km for cars, respectively, with diesel and gasoline engines, - or using precise calculations performed using a special program-method directly for each specific brand, modification and type of vehicle.

The basic fuel consumption rate depends on the design of the car, its units and systems, the category, type and purpose of the automobile rolling stock (passenger cars, buses, trucks, etc.), on the type of fuel used, takes into account the weight of the car in running order, the typed route and driving mode under operating conditions within the limits of the "Rules" traffic".

The transport standard (standard for transport work) includes the basic standard and depends either on the carrying capacity, or on the standardized load of passengers, or on the specific weight of the cargo being transported.

The operating standard is established at the place of operation of the vehicle on the basis of the basic or transport standard using correction factors (surcharges) taking into account local operating conditions, according to the formulas given in this document.

Fuel consumption standards per 100 km of vehicle mileage are set in the following measurements:

for gasoline and diesel cars- in liters of gasoline or diesel fuel;
for vehicles running on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), - in liters of LPG at the rate of 1 liter of gasoline corresponds to “1.32 liters of LPG, no more” (recommended rate within 1.22 +/- 0.10 liters of LPG to 1 l gasoline, depending on the properties of the propane-butane mixture);
for vehicles running on compressed natural gas (CNG) - in normal cubic meters of CNG, at the rate of 1 liter of gasoline corresponds to 1 +/- 0.1 cubic meters. m LNG (depending on the properties of natural gas);
for gas-diesel vehicles, the consumption rate of compressed natural gas is indicated in cubic meters. m with a simultaneous indication of the diesel fuel consumption rate in liters, their ratio is determined by the manufacturer of the equipment (or in the operating instructions).

Accounting for road transport, climatic and other operational factors is carried out using correction factors (surcharges), regulated in the form of percentage increases or decreases in the initial value of the norm. The values of the coefficients are established by decision of the legal entity or individual entrepreneur carrying out the operation motor vehicle(PBX).

5. Fuel consumption rates increase under the following conditions.

Vehicle operation in winter time year, depending on the climatic regions of the country - from 5% to 20% (inclusive - and further in the text for all upper limit values of the coefficients). The procedure for application, values and validity periods of winter allowances are presented in Appendix No. 2.

Operation of vehicles on public roads (I, II and III categories) in mountainous areas, including cities, towns and suburban areas, at altitudes above sea level:

from 300 to 800 m - up to 5% (lower mountains);
from 801 to 2000 m - up to 10% (mid-mountain);
from 2001 to 3000 m - up to 15% (highlands);
over 3000 m - up to 20% (highlands).

The operation of vehicles on roads with a complex layout (outside cities and suburban areas), where on average there are more than five curves (turns) with a radius of less than 40 m per 1 km of track (or about 500 per 100 km of track):

on public roads of categories I, II and III - up to 10%,
on public roads of IV and V categories - up to 30%.

Operation of motor transport in cities with a population (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 14, 2015 N NA-80-r):

over 5 million people - up to 35%;
from 1 to 5 million people - up to 25%;
from 250 thousand to 1 million people - up to 15%;
from 100 to 250 thousand people - up to 10%;
up to 100 thousand people - up to 5% (in the presence of controlled intersections, traffic lights or other traffic signs).

When operating vehicles that require frequent technological stops associated with loading and unloading, boarding and disembarking passengers. As well as route taxi-buses, cargo-passenger and small-class trucks, pickup trucks, station wagons, etc., including transportation of products and small cargo, maintenance mailboxes, collection of money, services for pensioners, disabled people, sick people, etc. (if there is an average of more than one stop per 1 km of travel; stops at traffic lights, intersections and crossings are not taken into account):

frequent technological stops - up to 10%.

When driving vehicles at a reduced average speed (when transporting non-standard, large, heavy, dangerous goods, cargo in glass and other similar cargo, when moving in convoys and accompanied by vehicle escort vehicles):

in the range of 20 - 40 km/h - up to 15%,
with an average speed below 20 km/h - up to 35%.

When running in new cars and those that have left the overhaul(mileage is determined by the equipment manufacturer):

running-in - up to 10%.

During centralized transportation of cars under their own power

in a single state or in a column - up to 10%;
when hauling and towing vehicles in a paired state - up to 15%;
when hauling and towing in a assembled state - up to 20%.

For vehicles in use:

more than five years or with a total mileage of more than 100 thousand km - up to 5%;
more than eight years or with a total mileage of more than 150 thousand km - up to 10%.

When working trucks, vans, cargo taxis, etc.:

excluding transport work - up to 10%.

When operating vehicles as technological transport, including work within the enterprise:

technological transport - up to 20%.

During the operation of special vehicles (patrol vehicles, film crews, firefighters, ambulances, photo and video recording vehicles, repair vehicles, aerial platforms, forklifts, etc.) performing the transport process during maneuvering, at reduced speeds, with frequent stops, movement in reverse and so on.

special transport maneuvering - up to 20%.

When working in quarries (except for special quarry vehicles), when moving across the field, when hauling timber, etc. on horizontal sections of roads of categories IV and V:

for vehicles in running order without cargo - up to 20%,
for vehicles with a full or partial vehicle load - up to 40%.

When working in extreme climatic and difficult road conditions during seasonal thaw, snow or sand drifts, heavy snowfall and ice, floods, forest fires and other natural disasters

for roads I, II and III categories - up to 35%,
for roads IV and V categories - up to 50%.

During training driving:

on public roads - up to 20%;
at specially designated training areas, when maneuvering at low speeds, with frequent stops and reversing - up to 40%.

When using the climate control setting (regardless of the time of year)

when the car is moving - up to 7%.

When using an air conditioner (the use of this coefficient in conjunction with a winter surcharge depending on climatic regions is not allowed):

when the car is moving - up to 7%

Fuel consumption standards for operation additional equipment refrigerators, buses, special and specialized vehicles are determined scientific organizations involved in the development of such standards, manufacturers of additional equipment or automatic telephone exchanges (standardized in l/hour).

When using an air conditioner in a parking lot, the standard fuel consumption is set based on one hour of inactivity with the engine running, the same in a parking lot when using the climate control installation (regardless of the time of year):

for one hour of inactivity with the engine running - up to 10% of the base rate.

When vehicles are idle for loading or unloading at points where, due to safety conditions or other current rules It is prohibited to turn off the engine (oil depots, special warehouses, the presence of cargo that does not allow cooling of the body, banks and other objects), as well as in other cases of forced downtime of the vehicle with the engine turned on from the base rate for one hour of inactivity:

forced idle time of the car with the engine on - up to 10%

In the winter or cold (with an average daily temperature below +5 `C) time of year in parking lots when it is necessary to start and warm up cars and buses (if there are no independent heaters), as well as in parking lots waiting for passengers (including for medical vehicles and during transportation children) standard fuel consumption is established based on one hour from the base rate:

parking (idle) with the engine running - up to 10%

Allowed on the basis of a decision of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur operating the vehicle:

for intra-garage travel and technical needs of motor transport enterprises (technical inspections, adjustment work, running-in of engine parts and other vehicle components after repair, etc.) increase standard fuel consumption to 1% of the total amount consumed by this enterprise (with justification and taking into account the actual number of vehicles used in these works);
for brands and modifications of cars that do not have significant design changes compared to basic model(with the same technical characteristics engine, gearbox, final drive, tires, wheel arrangement, body) and do not differ in tare weight from the base model, set the basic fuel consumption rate in the same dimensions as for the base model;
for brands and modifications of cars that do not have the design changes listed above, but differ from the base model only in their own weight (when installing vans, kungs, awnings, additional equipment, armor, etc.), fuel consumption rates can be determined:
- for every ton of increase (decrease) in the vehicle’s own weight with an increase (decrease) at the rate of up to 2 l/100 km for vehicles with gasoline engines,
- based on up to 1.3 l/100 km - s diesel engines,
- based on up to 2.64 l/100 km for vehicles running on liquefied gas,
- based on up to 2 cubic meters. m/100 km for vehicles running on compressed natural gas;
- with a gas-diesel engine process, approximately up to 1.2 cubic meters. m of natural gas and
- up to 0.25 l/100 km of diesel fuel, based on each ton of change in the vehicle’s own weight.

6. Fuel consumption rates may decrease.

When working on public roads of categories I, II and III outside the suburban area on flat, slightly hilly terrain (altitude up to 300 m above sea level) - up to 15%.

In the case when vehicles are operated in a suburban area outside the city boundaries, correction (urban) coefficients are not applied.

If it is necessary to apply several surcharges simultaneously, the fuel consumption rate is set taking into account the sum or difference of these surcharges.

In addition to the normalized gas consumption, the consumption of gasoline or diesel fuel for gas-cylinder vehicles is allowed in the following cases:

for entering and leaving the repair zone after technical work - up to 5 liters of liquid fuel per gas-cylinder vehicle;
for starting and operating the engine of a gas-cylinder car - up to 20 liters of liquid fuel per month per car in the summer and spring-autumn seasons, in winter, winter allowances are additionally taken into account in accordance with Appendix No. 2;
on routes whose length exceeds the range of one gas filling - up to 25% of the total fuel consumption on these routes.

In all of these cases, the rationing of liquid fuel consumption for gas-cylinder vehicles is carried out in the same amounts as for the corresponding base vehicles.

In relation to specific operating conditions of vehicles, it is permitted to use adjusted values of correction factors (surcharges) to the basic fuel consumption standards approved by these methodological recommendations, or additional coefficients (surcharges) to the basic fuel consumption standards with appropriate justification and in agreement with the Ministry of Transport of Russia.

For the period of validity of this document for models, brands and modifications of automotive vehicles entering the vehicle fleet of a country for which the Ministry of Transport of Russia has not approved fuel consumption standards (not included in this document), by decision of a legal entity or individual entrepreneur operating the vehicle, in relation to these data ATS can introduce basic standards developed on individual requests in the prescribed manner by scientific organizations that develop such standards using a special program-method.

7. Cars

For passenger cars The standard value of fuel consumption is calculated using the formula:

Qн = 0.01 x Hs x S x (1 + 0.01 x D), (Formula 1)

Qн
Hs- basic fuel consumption rate for vehicle mileage, l/100 km;
S- vehicle mileage, km;
D

Basic consumption rates:

8. Buses

For buses, the standard fuel consumption value is calculated using the formula:

Qн = 0.01 x Hs x S x (1 + 0.01 x D) + Hot x T, (formula 2)

Qн- standard fuel consumption, l;
Hs- transport norm of fuel consumption per bus mileage, l/100 km (taking into account the passenger load normalized by class and purpose of the bus);
S- bus mileage, km;
No- fuel consumption rate when using standard independent heaters for the operation of the heater(s), l/h;
T- operating time of the vehicle with the heater on, h;
D- correction factor (total relative increase or decrease) to the norm, %.

9. Flatbed trucks

For onboard cargo vehicles and road trains, the standard value of fuel consumption is calculated using the formula:

Qн= 0.01 x (Hsan x S + Hw x W) x (1 + 0.01 x D), (formula 3)

Qн- standard fuel consumption, l;
S- mileage of a car or road train, km;
Hsan- the rate of fuel consumption per mileage of a car or road train in running order without load;

Hsan = Hs + Hg x Gpr, l/100 km,

Hs- basic fuel consumption rate for the mileage of a car (tractor) in running order, l/100 km (Hsan = Hs, l/100 km, for a single car, tractor);
Hg- fuel consumption rate for the additional weight of a trailer or semi-trailer, l/100 t.km;
Gpr- dead weight of the trailer or semi-trailer, t;
Hw- rate of fuel consumption for transport work, l/100 t.km;
W- volume of transport work, t.km: W = Ggr x Sgr (where Ggr - cargo mass, t;
Sgr- mileage with load, km);
D- correction factor (total relative increase or decrease) to the norm, %.

For cargo flatbed vehicles and road trains performing work counted in ton-kilometers, in addition to the basic norm, the fuel consumption rate increases (calculated in liters for each ton of cargo per 100 km). And also when operating cargo flatbed vehicles, tractors with trailers and truck tractors with semi-trailers, the fuel consumption rate (l/100 km) for the mileage of a road train increases (calculated in liters for each ton of trailers and semi-trailers’ own weight) depending on the type of fuel used:

for gasoline - up to 2 liters;
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) - up to 2.64 l;
compressed natural gas (CNG) - up to 2 cubic meters. m;
with gas-diesel power, approximately up to 1.2 cubic meters. m of natural gas and up to 0.25 liters of diesel fuel.

10. Tractors

For truck tractors, the standard value of fuel consumption is calculated similarly to cargo flatbed vehicles and road trains with trailers and semi-trailers using formula (3).

11. Dump trucks

For dump trucks and dump truck trains, the standard value of fuel consumption is calculated using the formula:

Qн= 0.01 x Hsanc x S x (1 + 0.01 x D) + Hz x Z, (formula 4)

Qн- standard fuel consumption, l;
S- mileage of a dump truck or road train, km;
Hsanc- fuel consumption rate of a dump truck or a dump truck train:
Hsanc = Hs + Hw x (Gpr + 0.5q), l/100 km,
Hs- transport norm taking into account transport work (with a load factor of 0.5), l/100 km;
Hw- the rate of fuel consumption for the transport operation of a dump truck (if the coefficient of 0.5 is not taken into account when calculating Hs) and for the additional weight of a dump trailer or semi-trailer, l/100 t x km;
Gpr- dead weight of a dump trailer, semi-trailer, t;
q- load capacity of a trailer, semi-trailer (0.5q - with a load factor of 0.5), t;
Hz- additional fuel consumption rate for each trip with a load of a dump truck, road train, l;
Z- number of riders with cargo per shift;
D- correction factor (total relative increase or decrease) to the norm, %.

When operating dump trucks with dump trailers, semi-trailers (if the basic rate is calculated for the vehicle, as for a truck tractor), the fuel consumption rate increases for each ton of the trailer's, semi-trailer's own weight and half of its rated load capacity (load factor - 0.5):

gasoline - up to 2 liters;
diesel fuel - up to 1.3 l;
liquefied gas- up to 2.64 l;
natural gas - up to 2 cubic meters. m.

For dump trucks and road trains, the fuel consumption rate (Hz) is additionally established for each trip with a load when maneuvering at loading and unloading areas:

up to 0.25 liters of liquid fuel (up to 0.33 liters of liquefied petroleum gas, up to 0.25 cubic meters of natural gas) per unit of dump rolling stock;
up to 0.2 cu. m of natural gas and 0.1 liter of diesel fuel approximately with gas-diesel engine power.

For heavy-duty dump trucks of the BelAZ type, the additional diesel fuel consumption rate for each trip with a load is set at up to 1 liter.

In cases of operation of dump trucks with a payload coefficient above 0.5, it is allowed to normalize fuel consumption in the same way as for on-board vehicles according to formula (3).

Tags: fuel standards, fuel standards, fuel write-offs, 2015, fuel consumption.

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Having information about the cost of one machine-hour of operation of a vehicle, the company has the opportunity to profitably choose a supplier providing rental services for machines and mechanisms. We offer you a detailed algorithm for such calculation.

To determine the cost of operating transport equipment, it is necessary first of all to calculate the cost of one machine-hour. This calculation is necessary in the following cases:

choosing a transport service provider for the needs of the enterprise. Having information about the real cost of one machine hour, you can choose the supplier for the most favorable conditions. Market analysis in this case will not provide objective information, since suppliers strive to obtain maximum profits;
leasing of own machines and mechanisms to third parties. Correct calculation will allow you to determine the optimal amount of planned savings.

To determine the cost of one machine-hour of a certain type of vehicle, the following indicators must be taken into account:

book value of the vehicle;
depreciation of fixed assets;
costs for all types of repairs, diagnostic and Maintenance;
costs of fuel and lubricants;
driver's remuneration including deductions from wages;
overheads.

Let's take a closer look at each indicator and give examples of calculations.

Book value of the vehicle- the cost of the vehicle reflected in the accounting documents, which when purchasing the vehicle is equal to initial cost vehicle, and after revaluation is equal to the replacement or full replacement cost of the vehicle.

Depreciation rate for each item of depreciable property when using linear method determined by the formula:

= (1 / n) × 100%,

Where K- depreciation rate as a percentage of the original (replacement) cost of the depreciable property;

n- term beneficial use of a given item of depreciable property, expressed in months.

Note!

When establishing the useful life of fixed assets, it is necessary to be guided by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 1, 2002 No. 1 “On the Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups” (as amended on December 10, 2010).

Standard indicator costs for all types of repairs, diagnostic and technical machine maintenance is determined by the formula:

where B c is the replacement cost of the car, rub.;

N r - the rate of annual costs for repairs and maintenance as a percentage of the replacement cost of the machines;

T- annual operating mode of machines, machine-hours/year.

Costs of fuel and lubricants can be determined based on the consumption standards for fuel and lubricants established in a particular organization. Typically, these standards are established and approved at a production meeting in the company.

You can also be guided by the methodological recommendations “Consumption standards for fuels and lubricants in road transport”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated March 14, 2008 No. AM-23-r (as amended on May 14, 2014).

Remuneration of a driver, taking into account deductions from wages depends on the form of remuneration in the company. The most common are piecework and time-based forms of remuneration.

Piece form remuneration involves payment of labor according to the number of products produced (work) established quality taking into account the complexity and working conditions. According to the accepted accounting procedure, the result of the work of each performer individually or the collective (group) result (across the entire group of workers) can be taken into account.

In time-based form labor is paid depending on the time worked at hourly, daily and monthly rates or salaries. This form of payment is used in cases where the output of an individual employee cannot be accurately accounted for and expressed in a certain amount of product or work, or when, due to the nature of the work, it is not economically feasible to transfer workers to piecework wages.

Initial data:

number of hours worked per month - 162;
the rate per hour established by the company is 130 rubles/hour;
increasing coefficient - 1.3.

The salary, taking into account personal income tax, will be: 162 × 130 × 1.3 = 27,378.00 rubles.

Deductions from wages: 27,378.00 × 0.3 = 8213.4 rubles.

____________________

Overheads accompany the main production and are connected with it. These are the costs of maintaining and operating fixed assets, management, organization, maintenance of production, business trips, employee training and so-called non-productive expenses (losses from downtime, damage material assets and etc.). Overhead costs are included in the cost of production, production and distribution costs.

Example 2

Let's assume that example 1 considers industrial construction. In accordance with regulations, overhead costs must be 90% of the wage fund. Accordingly, overhead costs will be: 27,378.00 × 0.9 = 24,640.20 rubles.

______________________________

Let's consider an example of calculating the cost per 1 machine hour.

Example 3

Let's calculate the cost of 1 machine-hour of operation of a short-form truck crane ZOOMLION RT-550 with a lifting capacity of 55 tons. For the calculation we use the following data:

book value of the truck crane - 10.3 million rubles;
useful life - 61 months;
number of hours worked per month - 166;
the annual cost rate for maintenance and repair of the machine is 23%;
tariff rate for labor remuneration - 140 rubles/hour;
fuel consumption rate per 1 vehicle/hour - 14.3 l;
the cost of 1 liter of fuel and lubricants is 27.34 rubles;
lubricant consumption rate per 100 liters of fuel consumption - 2 liters;
cost of 1 liter of lubricants - 169.49 rubles;
the overhead rate is 90% of the wage fund.

The calculation is presented in the table.

Table 2. Calculation of the cost of 1 machine-hour of operation of a truck crane
					Name of mechanism: Short truck crane ZOOMLION RT-550, lifting capacity 55 t
No.	Naming of expenditures	Unit	Calculation	Total
No.	Naming of expenditures	Unit	Calculation	Total	1	Book value	rub.	10 300 000,00
2	Depreciation
	Monthly depreciation rate	%	1 / 61 months × 100%	1,64
	Monthly depreciation	rub.	10,300,000.00 / 1.64% × 100%	168 852,46
	Hourly depreciation	rub.	168 920,00 / 166,00	1 017,18
3	Machine maintenance and repair costs
	Annual norm	%		23,00
	Annual costs	rub.	10,300,000.00 × 0.23	2 369 000,00
	Monthly costs	rub.	2 369 000 / 12,00	197 416,67
	Hourly costs	rub.	197 416,67 / 166,00	1 189,26
4	Salary (driver salary)
	Tariff rate, rub./hour	rub.		140,00
	Insurance premiums	rub.	140.00 × 0.30	42,00
	Hourly wage	rub.	140,00 + 42,00	182,00
5	Fuel costs
	Fuel consumption rate per 1 machine-hour	l		14,30
	Cost of 1 liter of fuel and lubricants	rub.		27,34
	Hourly fuel cost	rub.	14.30 × 27.34	390,96
	Lubricant costs
	Oil consumption rate per 100 liters of fuel consumption (truck crane)	l		2,00
	Oil consumption rate in accordance with the fuel consumption rate	l	14.30 × 2.00 / 100	0,29
	Hourly costs for lubricants	rub.	169.49 × 0.29	48,47
6	Overheads	rub.	140×0.9	126,00
	Total cost per 1 machine hour	rub.	1017,18 + 1189,26 + 182 + 390,96 + 48,47 + 126	2953,88

A. V. Makina, economist at Bolverk LLC

The issue of diesel consumption is the most important one when purchasing special equipment with internal combustion engines.

Any device must initially be put on balance. Fuel is written off according to existing regulatory documents. However, for special equipment there are no clear indicators of diesel fuel consumption per 100 km. Manufacturers, on the contrary, set the consumption per unit of engine power.

To determine and accurately calculate the formula, you must clearly know all the necessary components:

N is the engine power, measured in kW;
t – fuel consumption time, that is, 1 hour;
G – specific fuel consumption of the vehicle, g/kWh;
% – percentage of machine load during operation;
p – fuel density. For diesel, the density is constant and is 850 grams per liter.

Engine power is mainly determined in horsepower. In order to find out the power in kW, you need to look at the equipment documents from the manufacturer.

Specific fuel consumption is a measure of engine consumption information at specific loads. Such data cannot be found in documents about the equipment; they must be clarified upon purchase or from authorized dealers.

The main component in the calculation formula is the percentage of equipment load. It refers to information about internal combustion engine operation on maximum speed. The percentage is indicated by the manufacturer for each type of transport. For example, for some MTZ-based loaders, out of all 100% of the working time, the engine will work approximately 30% at maximum speed.

Specific fuel consumption

Let's return to specific consumption. It is expressed in relation to the fuel consumed per 1 unit of power. Thus, to calculate everything in theory, for maximum value you must use the formula Q=N*q. Where Q is the desired indicator of fuel consumption for 1 hour of operation, q is the specific fuel consumption and N is the power of the unit.

For example, there is data on the engine power in kW: N = 75, q = 265. In one hour of operation, such a unit will consume almost 20 kg of diesel fuel. With this calculation, it is worth remembering that the unit will not operate directly at maximum speed the entire time. Also, fuel calculations are carried out in liters, so in order not to translate everything according to tables and not make mistakes in the following calculations, it is necessary to use the improved calculation formula Q = Nq/(1000*R*k1).

In this formula, the desired result Q determines the fuel consumption in liters per hour of operation. k1 – is a coefficient indicating engine operation at maximum speed crankshaft. R is a constant value corresponding to the fuel density. The rest of the indicators remain the same.

The maximum engine performance factor is 2.3. Calculated using the formula 70% normal operation/ by 30% of work at high speeds.

It is worth remembering that in practice, theoretical costs are always higher, since the engine operates at maximum speed only part of the time.

Calculation of fuel consumption of a walk-behind tractor

Many owners of summer cottages and not only them often wonder how it is possible to calculate the fuel consumption of a walk-behind tractor during a certain operation.

It is possible to calculate the gasoline consumption of a walk-behind tractor only during its direct operation. To do this, you need to fill the fuel tank of the walk-behind tractor to the maximum level with gasoline. Then you need to plow the land. Upon completion of plowing a certain area, it is necessary to measure the area of the plowed area. After this, calculate how much fuel was spent on plowing this area. Likewise for all other types of work (potato harvesting, mulching, mowing, etc.)

This is calculated using electronic scales. Take a simple container of fuel and measure it specific gravity. Then the scales are tared. After this, you need to add fuel to the tank to the previous level and be sure to put the container with fuel back on the scales. Electronic scales will show the difference between fuel cans. This difference will be the final indicator of fuel consumption per area of land on which the work was done. Unlike the first case with special equipment, here fuel consumption is measured in kilograms.

It is worth remembering that the operating speed of the motorized cultivator should be approximately from 0.5 to 1 km per hour of operation. Based on this, a general calculation of fuel consumption by hour is made. According to established standards, there is data from walk-behind tractor manufacturers on average fuel consumption per hour of operation. For low-power walk-behind tractors with a capacity of 3.5 hp. consumption ranges from 0.9 to 1.5 kg per hour of operation.

Medium-power walk-behind tractors consume an average of 0.9 to 1 kg/hour. The most powerful devices spend from 1.1 to 1.6 kg per hour.

Fuel consumption rates per engine hour for diesel engines

Diesel fuel consumption standards for special equipment are on average 5.5 liters per 1 hour of operation in simple transport mode. When excavating soils in the first or second degree, the consumption is reduced to 4.2 liters per 1 hour of work.

If you additionally load or unload these soils, then for all MTZ-based excavators the consumption will be equal to 4.6 liters per 1 hour of operation.

http://traktoramtz.ru

Operation of vehicles on public roads (I, II and III categories) in mountainous areas, including cities, towns and suburban areas, at altitudes above sea level:

from 300 to 800 m - up to 5% (lower mountains);

from 801 to 2000 m - up to 10% (mid-mountain);

from 2001 to 3000 m - up to 15% (highlands);

over 3000 m - up to 20% (highlands).

Operation of vehicles on public roads of categories I, II and III with a complex layout (outside cities and suburban areas), where on average there are more than five curves (turns) with a radius of less than 40 m per 1 km of road (or per 100 km of road - about 500) - up to 10%, on public roads of categories IV and V - up to 30%.

When operating vehicles in populated areas:

over 5 million people - up to 35%;