13.02.2024

Irregular verbs in English in alphabetical order. Three forms of irregular verbs

To successfully learn a foreign language, it is necessary to lay a certain foundation consisting of basic skills. In addition to vocabulary and developed pronunciation, this basis also includes grammatical knowledge. Undoubtedly, the most important thing for English grammar is the system of tenses and verb forms, without the knowledge of which not a single sentence can be constructed. Today, while studying the topic, we will combine a set of vocabulary with mastering grammar, as we will analyze one of the most necessary basic concepts - irregular verbs of the English language. Let's look at the essence of the phenomenon, and also provide a list of all the necessary words with transcription and translation into Russian.

In order to answer the question posed in the title, let’s take a short excursion into theory.

English verbs have several basic forms that help form tense aspects:

  1. Infinitive – it’s the initial, dictionary form. ().
  2. Past indefinite – a form for expressing past events. According to the rule, it is formed by adding the ending –ed to the infinitive. ().
  3. Past participle – a form necessary for the formation of perfect tenses and passive voices. According to grammatical norms, it must coincide with the previous category, i.e. also add –ed. ().
  4. Active participle – it is not always distinguished as a separate form, but it should be noted that these are verbs with the ending –ing, which are used in the tenses of the continuous group. ()

Today we are interested in the second and third items of the list, since they are responsible for the correctness or incorrectness of the verb. We have already noted that the general rule for forming past forms is to add the ending -ed. But, due to historical reasons, established language clichés do not always correspond to the norms, and it is much easier to accept exceptions than to try to change the established way of life. That is why there is such a thing as irregular verbs in the English language. English grammar calls this phenomenon irregular verbs.

Irregular verbs include those verbs in which the past tense form is not formed according to the general rule, that is, they are characterized by an atypical conjugation. Such verb forms have to be learned by heart, since they are individual for each case. It is noteworthy that the proportion of irregular English verbs used in speech is about 70%. This means that only 30% of all frequently used verbs obey the general rule.

This concludes the theory and moves on to the practical part, in which we will consider examples of irregular verbs in the English language with translation and transcription. This will allow you to combine learning vocabulary and working with pronunciation.

Learning irregular verbs in English

You're probably wondering how many irregular verbs you have to learn in English? We hasten to surprise you, because you probably did not expect to see such a number: there are over 450 representatives of the irregular type of formation of past forms. But don’t worry, we won’t learn the full list of irregular verbs, since more than half of the words in it have long been out of use in the modern language. There are approximately two hundred actively used words left, which we will divide into even smaller groups in order to master the material gradually.

The first 50 words for beginners

For beginners learning the language, it will be enough to familiarize themselves with a very small list of the most common verbs. This minimum will be enough for you to work with simple sentences in English. So that during training you do not have to be distracted by other rules, next to the example we will indicate how the word is read in English, and also roughly explain which Russian sounds correspond to English letters. Russian transcription will be presented only in this section, since further study requires a higher level of knowledge of a foreign language.

Top 50 irregular verbs
Forms* Transcriptions Russian pronunciation Translation
be – was/were – been [bi – uoz/uyer – bin] be
begin – began – began [bigIn – bigEn – bigAn] start off
break – broke – broken [break – brouk – broken] break
bring – brought – brought [bring – brought – brought] bring
build-built-built [build – build – build] build
buy – bought – bought [bye – boot – boot] buy
catch – caught – caught [ketch – koot – koot] catch
come – came – come [kam - keim -kam] come
cut – cut – cut [cat – cat – cat] cut
do – did – done [duu – did – dan] do
drink – drank – drunk [drink – drank – drank] drink
drive – driven – driven [drive – drow – driven] drive
eat – ate – eaten [iit – et – iitn] eat
fall – fell – fallen [fool – fal – foolen] fall
feel – felt – felt [fiil – felt – felt] feel
find – found – found [find – found – found] find
fly – flew – flown [fly – flow – flow] fly
forget – forgot – forgotten [fogEt – fogOt – fogOtn] forget
get - got - got [get – goth – goth] receive
give – gave – given [give – gave – gIven] give
go – went – ​​gone [go – vent – ​​gon] go
have – had – had [have – head – head] have
hear – heard – heard [hier - hurd - hurd] hear
hold – held – held [hold – held – held] hold
keep – kept – kept [kip – capt – capt] hold
know – knew – known [no – new – noun] know
leave – left – left [liiv – left – left] leave
let – let – let [let – let – let] let
lie-lay-lain [bark - lay - lane] lie
lose – lost – lost [luuz – lost – lost] lose
make – made – made [make – made – made] do
mean – meant – meant [miin – ment – ​​ment] to mean
meet – met – met [miit – mat – mat] meet
pay – paid – paid [pay – pay – pay] to pay
put – put – put [put – put – put] put
read – read – read [read–red–red] read
run - run - run [ran – ren – ran] run
say – said – said [say – sed – sed] speak
see – saw – seen [si – sou – siin] see
show – shown – shown [ʃou – ʃoud – ʃoun] [show – shoud – shown] show
sit – sat – sat [sit – set – set] sit
sleep – slept – slept [slip – slapt – slapt] sleep
speak – spoken – spoken [speek – spoke – spooken] speak
stand – stood – stood [stand – stud – stud] stand
take – took – taken [take – knock – takeken] take
tell – told – told [tel – tould –tould] tell
think – thought – thought [θɪŋk – θɔ:t – θɔ:t] [son – sout – sout] think
understand – understood – understood [ʌndər ‘stænd – ʌndər ‘stʊd – ʌndər ‘stʊd] [andestand – andestud – andestud] understand
win – won – won [win – one – one] win
write – written – written [right – route – ritn] write

*The column shows the three main forms of the verb in the following order:

  • infinitive;
  • past indefinite (Past Indefinite/Simple);
  • past participle (Participle II).

Now you are familiar with the most commonly used irregular verbs in English. This list of words can be easily printed and memorized at any convenient time. Increase your knowledge gradually; you don’t need to immediately load yourself with large amounts of information. Since the table contains many basic verbs, there will be no difficulties in learning the words, because in practice they are used in every second text or dialogue.

Top 100 – intermediate level vocabulary

If you are already confident in using the verbs you have learned, then it is time to move to the next level of knowledge and discover new irregular English verbs.

In this section we will continue to study the most commonly used irregular verbs, with another table to help us. It contains the same number of words arranged in alphabetical order as the first one, but in it we will no longer give the approximate Russian sound: the English transcription will help you understand how to pronounce the word. We hope you have already studied the material on how transcription signs are used. So, let's continue our work: we'll study just 50 more words and get the top 100 irregular verbs.

Forms Transcriptions Translation
arise – arose – arisen [ə’raiz – ə’rəuz – ə’riz(ə)n] arise, rise
awake – awoke – awoken [ə`waɪk – ə`woʊk – ə`woʊkn] wake up, wake up
bear – bore – born carry, bear, give birth
become – become – have become become
bind – bound – bound bind
bite – bit – bitten bite, bite
blow – blew – blown blow
burn – burnt – burnt burn, burn
choose – chose – chosen choose
cost – cost – cost cost
creep – crept – crept crawl, creep
deal – dealt – dealt deal, trade
dig-dag-dag dig, dig
draw – drew – drown paint
dream – dream – dream dream, dream
fight – fought – fought fight, fight, fight
feed – fed – fed feed
forgive – forgave – forgiven forgive, forgive
freeze – froze – frozen freeze, freeze
grow – grown – grown grow, grow
hang – hung – hunger * hang, hang
hide-hid-hidden hide, hide, hide
hurt – hurt – hurt offend, injure, harm
lead – led – led lead, lead
learn – learn – learn study, teach
lend – tape – tape lend, lend
ride – rode – ridden ride a horse
ring – rang – rung call, ring
rise – rose – risen rise, ascend
seek – sought – sought search
sell – sold – sold sell
set – set – set put, install
shake – shook – shaken [ʃeɪk – ʃʊk – ʃeɪkən] shake, shake
shine – shone –shone [ʃaɪn – ʃoʊn – ʃoʊn] shine, shine, sparkle
shut – shut – shut [ʃʌt – ʃʌt – ʃʌt] close
sing-sang-sung sing
slide – slide – slide slide
smell – smelt – smelt smell, sniff
spend – spell – spell spend, squander
steal – stole – stolen steal, steal
swim – swam – swum swim
swing – swung – swung sway
teach – taught – taught teach, educate
tear – tore – torn tear, tear, tear
throw – thrown – thrown [θroʊ – θru: – θroʊn] throw, throw, throw
upset – upset – upset [ʌp’set – ʌp’set – ʌp’set] upset, upset; overturn
wake – woke – woken wake up, wake up
wear – wore – worn wear, dress
weep – wept – wept cry, sob
wet – wet – wet wet, moisten, moisten

*Important note for translators: this verb has two meanings. The forms given in the table indicate expressions used with translation "hang, hang things." A rarer context is hanging as an execution, to hang a criminal. In such a situation, this English verb behaves as if it were correct, i.e. attaches the ending –ed: hang – hanged – hanged.

So, we have looked at all the main and popular irregular verbs in the English language, and congratulations! Don’t try to master the entire stock of new words at once, as you will only become more confused about forms and meanings. For effective and quick memorization, we suggest printing out the given material, dividing the verbs into groups for easy perception, and making cards with the spelling of the English word and the Russian translation. This method successfully helps most students learn the inflection of irregular verbs.

If you have already mastered the most common verbs of the English language with transcription, we invite you to expand your horizons even more and look into the less popular, but still common, use of irregular words in speech.

Rare but necessary verbs

The list of irregular verbs in English that we have studied already has a hundred examples. This, as we have already noted, is approximately half of the active vocabulary of a modern Englishman on the topic of irregular verbs. The use of the following hundred words is certainly not something you encounter every day. But, firstly, they are often included in standard tests and tasks to confirm the level of language proficiency, and secondly, it is better to know rare grammatical points of the language than to misunderstand something and get into an awkward situation. So, let's study rare, but necessary, irregular verbs in English with translation and transcription.

Forms Transcriptions Translation
abide – abode/abided – abode/abided [əˈbaɪd – əˈbəʊd/əˈbaɪdɪd – əˈbəʊd/əˈbaɪdɪd] withstand, endure, endure; abide
backbite – backbitten – backbitten [ˈbækbaɪt – ˈbækbɪtən – ˈbækbɪtən] slander
backslide – backslide – backslide [ˈbækslaɪd – bækˈslɪd – bækˈslɪd] retreat, refuse
beat – beat – beaten beat
befall – befell – befallen happen, happen
beget – begot/begat – begotten generate, produce
begird – begirt – begirt gird
behold – beheld – beheld see
bend – bent – ​​bent bend
bereave – bereft/bereaved – bereft/bereaved deprive, take away
beseech – besought – besought beg, beg
beset – beset – beset besiege, surround
speak – bespoke – bespoken order, secure
bespit – bespat – bespat spit
bet – bet – bet [ˈbet – ˈbet – ˈbet] bet, bet
betake – betook – betaken accept, resort, go
bid – bid/bade – bidden order, ask, set a price
bleed – bleed – bleed bleed
breed – bred – bred multiply, grow, produce
broadcast – broadcast – broadcast [ˈbrɔːdkɑːst – ˈbrɔːdkɑːst – ˈbrɔːdkɑːst] broadcast (television/radio broadcasting)
browbeat – browbeat – browbeaten [ˈbraʊbiːt – ˈbraʊbiːt – ˈbraʊbiːtən] intimidate, intimidate
burst – burst – burst explode, explode, explode
bust – bust/busted – bust/busted demote, destroy, go bankrupt, ruin
cast – cast – cast throw, pour metal
chide – chid – chid scold
cleave – cleft – cleft to split, to cut
cling – clung – clung cling, cling
dwell – dwelt – dwelt to dwell, reside, linger
flee – fled – fled run away, save yourself
fling – flung – flung rush
forbear – forbore – forborne refrain
forbid – forbad – forbidden prohibit
forecast – forecast – forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst – ˈfɔːkɑːst – ˈfɔːkɑːst] predict, prognosticate
foresee – foresaw – foreseen foresee
forsake – forsook – forsaken leave, leave
forswear – forswore – forsworn renounce
gainsay – gainsaid – gainsaid [ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ – ˌɡeɪnˈsed – ˌɡeɪnˈsed] deny, contradict
gild – gilt/gilded – gilt/gilded [ɡɪld – ɡɪlt/ ˈɡɪldɪd – ɡɪlt/ ˈɡɪldɪd] gild, gild
grind – ground – ground [ɡraɪnd – ɡraʊnd – ɡraʊnd] grind, rub, grind
heave – heaved/hove – heaved/hove pull, lift, move
hew – hewed – hewn cut down, hew
hit – hit – hit hit, strike, hit
inlay – inlaid – inlaid [ɪnˈleɪ – ɪnˈleɪd – ɪnˈleɪd] put in, insert
input – input – input [ˈɪnpʊt – ˈɪnpʊt – ˈɪnpʊt] enter data
interweave – interwove – interwoven [ˌɪntəˈwiːv – ˌɪntəˈwəʊv – ˌɪntəˈwəʊvən] to weave, intertwine
kneel – knelt – knelt kneel
knit – knit – knit to knit
lade – laded – laden/laded load, upload
lean – leant – leant lean, lean, lean against
leap – leapt – leapt jump, gallop
light – lit – lit illuminate
misdeal – misdealt – misdealt [ˌmɪsˈdiːl – ˌmɪsˈdelt – ˌmɪsˈdelt] act/do wrong
misgive – misgave – misgiven [ˌmɪsˈɡɪv – ˌmɪsˈɡeɪv – ˌmɪsˈɡɪvən] create fear
mow – mowed – mown mow, reap (cereals)
outbid – outbid – outbid surpass, outbid
plead – plead – plead go to court
prove – proved – proved/proven prove, confirm
quit – quit – quit throw, leave
rebind – rebound – rebound [ˌriːˈbaɪnd – rɪˈbaʊnd – rɪˈbaʊnd] rebind, rebind
rent – ​​rent – ​​rent to tear apart, to tear off
rid – rid – rid liberate, liberate
sew – sewed – sewn/sewed sew
shear – sheared – shorn [ʃɪə – ʃɪəd – ʃɔːn] cut, cut off
shed – shed – shed [ʃed – ʃed – ʃed] spill, lose
shoe – shod – shod [ʃuː – ʃɒd – ʃɒd] shoe, shoe
shoot – shot – shot [ʃuːt – ʃɒt – ʃɒt] shoot, shoot
shred – shred – shred [ʃred – ʃred – ʃred] shred, shred, scatter
shrink – shrank – shrunk [ʃrɪŋk – ʃræŋk – ʃrʌŋk] shrink, shrink
shrive – shrove/shrived – shriven/shrived [ʃraɪv – ʃrəʊv/ʃraɪvd – ˈʃrɪvən/ʃraɪvd] confess, forgive sins
slay-slew-slain kill
sling – slung – slung hang up, throw
slink-slunk-slunk sneak, sneak away
slit – slit – slit cut lengthwise
smite – smote – smitten hit, beat, strike
sow – sowed – sow sow
speed – sped – sped drive, rush
spill – spill – spill shed
spin – spun/span – spun twist, twirl, spin
spit – spat/spit – spat/spit spit
split – split – split split
spoil – spoilt – spoilt spoil
spread – spread – spread distribute
spring – sprang – sprung jump, jump
stick – stuck – stuck glue
sting – stung – stung sting
strew – strewed – strewn sprinkle, sprinkle
stride – strode – stridden step
strike – struck – struck strike, strike
strive – strove – striven try, fight
swear – swore – sworn to swear
sweep – swept – swept sweep
swell – swelled – swollen swell
thrust – thrust – thrust [θrʌst – θrʌst – θrʌst] push, poke
tread – trod – trod/trodden step
waylay – waylayd – waylayd [ˌweɪˈleɪ – ˌweɪˈleɪd – ˌweɪˈleɪd] lie in wait
weave – wove/ weaved – woven/ weaved weave
wed – wed –wed marry
wind – wound – wound wind up (mechanism)
work – worked(wrought) * – worked(wrought) [ˈwɜːk – wɜːkt/ ˈrɔːt – wɜːkt/ ˈrɔːt] work
wring – wrung – wrung squeeze, twist, squeeze

*wrought – a very outdated book form, shown in the table for informational purposes only. In modern English its use is neither practiced nor recommended.

Now we can actually claim to have studied all the irregular verbs in modern English. Since the remaining words, in most cases, are derivatives of already learned verbs. For example, we looked at the word understand. When we encounter the same expression, but with a negative prefix - misunderstand, we will already know that its forms will become misunderstood/misunderstood.

That's all, learn irregular verbs in English, work with translation and transcription, and don't rush to memorize everything at once. It’s better to study a few words a day than to struggle with a huge list and be nervous about not remembering it. Good luck in your practice!

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Irregular verbs in English have 3 forms. The first is the infinitive or initial form (as the word is written in the dictionary), the second is used to form the Past Simple tense, and the third is the past participle (used to form Perfect tenses, passive voice and some other forms).

Students often wonder: how many irregular verbs are there in English? Different educational resources give different options, and sometimes the lists reach thousands of words! But don’t be alarmed: there are about two hundred basic verbs, and it’s absolutely possible to learn them, and the number of words often increases due to the fact that words with the same stems are included in the list. For example, the verb “to do”: make – made – made and the verb “to remake”: remake – remade – remade are often considered separate words, although the prefix “re” is simply added.

Verbs can be taught simply in alphabetical order, or they can be divided into several groups based on the formation of the second and third forms, which are similar for many verbs. Below are verbs divided according to this principle.

Unchangeable verbs:

betbetbetbet
broadcastbroadcastbroadcastbroadcast (TV, radio)
costcostcostcost
cutcutcutcut
hithithithit, hit
hurthurthurthurt, hurt
letletletallow, allow
readreadreadread
setsetsetinstall
shutshutshutclose
wetwet/wettedwet/wettedmoisten, wet

Verbs with the same second and third forms

findfoundfoundfind
getgotgotreceive
hanghunghunghang
havehadhadhave
hearheardheardhear
holdheldheldhold
makemademadedo
paypaidpaidto pay
saysaidsaidsay
shineshoneshoneshine
sitsatsatsit
spitspatspatspit
standstoodstoodstand
telltoldtoldsay, inform
understandunderstoodunderstoodunderstand
winwonwonwin

Verbs with matching second and third forms ending in -t

burnburntburntburn, burn
dreamdreamdreamdream, dream
feelfeltfeltfeel
keepkeptkeptkeep
learnlearned/learnedlearned/learnedlearn
leaveleftleftleave, leave
loselostlostlose
sleepsleptsleptsleep
smellsmeltsmeltsmell, sniff
spoilerspoiltspoiltspoil, spoil

Verbs starting with –ught

Verbs changing -d to -t

Verbs with vowel change: i – a – u

beginbeganbegunstart off
drinkdrankdrunkdrink
ringrankrungcall
singsangsungsing
sinksanksunkdrown
swimswamswumswim

Verbs with the same first and third forms

besomebecamebesomebecome
comecamecomecome, come
runranrunrun

Verbs with a double consonant in the third form

forbidforbadeforbiddenforbid
forgetforgotforgottenforget
bitebitbitterbite
hidehidhiddenhide
rideroderiddenride a horse
writewrotewrittenwrite

Verbs with a short vowel in the second and third forms

Verbs with -e- in the second form and third form with -wn

Verbs with the third form ending in –en

choosechosechosenchoose
eatateeateneat, eat
fallfellfallenfall
freezefrozefrozenfreeze
drivedrovedrivendrive)
givegavegivengive
riseroserisenget up
shakeshookshakenshake
speakspokespokenspeak
stealstolestolensteal
taketooktakentake

Anyone who has ever sat down to read an English textbook knows about such a phenomenon as a list of irregular English verbs. What is this list? It contains verbs that deviate from the standard rules for forming past tense and participle forms. It is believed that about seventy percent of irregular verbs (the English name of the term) are used in everyday speech.

From this we can conclude that knowing the list of irregular verbs in English is simply necessary if you want to speak fluently and understand your interlocutor.

The total number of irregular verbs is about 470 words. Is it possible to learn such a volume? Of course, this is quite possible. However, in order for you to feel confident when speaking English, you just need to know 180 verbs.

Before turning directly to the list itself, we will give some tips on how to quickly and efficiently achieve the desired knowledge.

Rote learning

The technique of rote memorization of information is one of the most common techniques. But how effective is it?

When memorizing, we often notice that a large number of words are quickly forgotten, and some completely refuse to settle in our long-term memory. In order for this technique to show its best side, it is necessary to use the learned verbs in practice as often as possible. By the way, subsequent listening to them in some movie, program or just a song helps a lot.

Be sure to have a list of irregular English verbs with translation.

First, you will have to become well acquainted with the meaning of each new word. Typically, all irregular verbs tables include a translation column, so you don't have to worry about spending hours working with the dictionary on your own. Once the correct associations with your native language are in your head, you can calmly move on to the forms being formed.

Irregular Verbs in Poems

Don't worry - you're not the only student trying to master the full list of English irregular verbs, and there is someone to share your hardships. And some craftsmen even try to help somehow.

On the Internet you can easily find all kinds of poems created specifically for such purposes. They contain a number of the most common verbs, skillfully integrated into the overall rhyme and tone of the work. There are also a lot of funny associations, so it will be even easier to remember the necessary information.

using irregular verbs

The games can be played not only by children, but also by adults. And when it comes to learning a foreign language, then games are one of the most effective ways to memorize. You can also find ready-made options on the Internet. Usually these are flash cards, various animations or mini-games, accompanied by sound examples. If you don’t really want to play on the computer, you can easily do something with your own hands, for example the same cards. If you have an English learning partner, then analogue word games or creating dialogues consisting of irregular verbs would be appropriate.

Meet Irregular Verbs

Having talked a little about the methods of memorization, we move on to the most important thing. So, we present to you a list of irregular English verbs with translation.

Verbs in alphabetical order (a, b, c, d)

Verbs starting with a:

abide - abode - abided - abide, hold on;

arise - arose - arisen - rise, arise;

awake - awoke - awake; awoke - to wake up, wake up.

Starting with the letter b:

backbite - backbitten - backbitten - to slander;

backslide - backslid - backslid - fall away;

be - was (were) - been - to be, to be;

bear - bore - born - bear, be born;

beat - beat - beaten - to beat;

become - became - become - become, become;

befall - befell - befallen - happen;

beget - begot (begat) - begotten - generate;

begin - began - begun - to begin;

begird - begirt - begirt - to girdle;

behold - beheld - beheld - to mature;

bend - bent - bended - bend;

bereave - bereft (bereaved) - bereft (bereaved) - deprive;

beseech - besought (beseeched) - b-esought (beseeched) - beg, beg;

beset - beset - beset - to besiege;

bespeak - bespoke - bespoken - to order;

bespit - bespat - bespat - to spit;

bestride - bestrode - bestridden - sit down, sit astride;

bet - bet (betted) - bet (betted) - bet;

betake - betook - betaken - to be accepted, sent;

bid - bad (bade) - bid (bidden) - command, ask;

bind - bound - bound - bind;

bite - bit - bit (bitten) - bite;

bleed - bled - bled - to bleed;

bless - blessed - blessed (blest) - to bless;

blow - blew - blown (blowed) - blow;

break - broken - broken - (c) to break;

breed - bred - bred - to grow;

bring - brought - brought - bring;

broadcast - broadcast - broadcast - distribute, scatter;

browbeat - browbeat - browbeaten - to scare;

build - built - built - to build;

burn - burnt (burned) - burnt (burned) - burn, burn;

burst - burst - burst - burst, explode;

bust - bust (busted) - bust (busted) - split (someone);

buy - bought - bought - to buy.

Verbs starting with:

can - could - could - be able to, be able;

catch - caught - caught - to catch, to catch;

choose - chose - chosen - choose;

cleave - clove (cleft, cleaved) - cloven (cleft, cleaved) - cut;

cling - clung - clung - cling, cling;

come - came - come - to come;

cost - cost - cost - cost;

creep - crept - crept - crawl;

cut - cut - cut - cut.

Verbs starting with d:

dare - durst (dared) - dared - dare;

deal - dealt - dealt - to deal;

dig - dug - dug - dig;

dive - dived (dove) - dived - dive, plunge;

do - did - done - do;

draw - drew - drawn - draw, drag;

dream - dreamt (dreamed) - dreamt (dreamed) - sleep, dream;

drink - drank - drunk - to drink,

drive - drove - driven - to drive, drive;

dwell - dwelt - dwelt - to dwell, to linger.

Continuation of the alphabet (e, g, f, h)

Verbs starting with e:

eat - ate - eaten - eat, eat.

Verbs starting with f:

fall - fell - fallen - fall;

feed - fed - fed - to feed;

feel - felt - felt - to feel;

fight - fought - fought - to fight;

find - found - found - to find;

flee - fled - fled - to run away, to escape;

floodlight - floodlighted (floodlit) - floodlighted (floodlit) - shine with a spotlight;

fly - flew - flown - fly;

forbear - forbore - forborne - to refrain;

forbid - forbad (forbade) - forbidden - prohibit;

forecast - forecast (forecasted) - forecast (forecasted) - predict;

foresee - foresaw - foreseen - to foresee;

forget - forgot - forgotten - to forget;

forgive - forgave - forgiven - to forgive;

forsake - forsook - forsaken - to leave;

forswear - forswore - forsworn - to renounce;

freeze - froze - frozen - freeze, freeze.

Verbs starting with g:

gainsay - gainsaid - gainsaid - deny, contradict;

get - got - got - get;

gird - girded (girt) - girded (girt) - girdle;

give - gave - given - give;

go - went - gone - go, leave;

grave - graved - graved (graven) - engrave;

grind - ground - ground - sharpen, grind;

grow - grown - grown - to grow.

Verbs starting with h:

hang - hung (hanged) - hung (hanged) - hang;

have - had - had - to have;

hear - heard - heard - hear;

hew - hewed - hewed; hewn - to chop, hew;

hide - hid - hidden - hide;

hit - hit - hit - hit, hit;

hold - held - held - to hold;

hurt - hurt - hurt - to cause pain, to offend.

Second part of the alphabet

Verbs starting with i:

inlay - inlaid - inlaid - to put in, to lay out;

input - input (inputted) - input (inputted) - enter;

inset - inset - inset - insert, invest;

interweave - interwove - interwoven - to weave, cover with a pattern.

Verbs starting with k:

keep - kept - kept - keep;

ken - kenned (kent) - kenned - to know, to recognize by sight;

kneel - knelt (kneeled) - knelt (kneeled) - kneel;

knit - knit (knitted) - knit (knitted) - knit;

know - knew - known - to know.

Verbs starting with l:

lade - laded - laded (laden) - to load;

lay - laid - laid - put, put;

lead - led - led - to lead;

lean - leant (leaned) - leant (leaned) - lean, lean;

leap - leapt (leaped) - leapt (leaped) - jump;

learn - learnt (learned) - learnt (learned) - teach;

leave - left - left - throw;

lend - lent - lent - lend;

let - let - let - let go, give;

lie - lay - lain - lie down;

light - lit (lighted) - lit (lighted) - illuminate;

lose - lost - lost - to lose.

Verbs starting with m:

make - made - made - create;

may - might - might - be able, have the opportunity;

mean - meant - meant - to have meaning;

meet - met - met - to meet;

miscast - miscast - miscast - incorrectly distribute roles;

mishear - misheard - misheard - mishear;

mishit - mishit - mishit - miss;

mislay - mislaid - mislaid - put in another place;

mislead - misled - misled - to confuse;

misread - misread - misread - misinterpret;

misspell - misspelt (misspeled) - misspelt (misspeled) - write with errors;

misspend - misspent - misspent - save;

misunderstand - misunderstood - misunderstood - misunderstand;

mow - mowed - mown (mowed) - mow (lawn).

Verbs starting with r:

rid - rid (ridded) - rid (ridded) - get rid of;

ride - rode - ridden - ride on horseback;

ring - rang - rung - call;

rise - rose - risen - rise;

run - ran - run - run, flow.

Verbs starting with s:

saw - sawed - sawn (sawed) - sawing;

say - said - said - to speak, to say;

see - saw - seen - to see;

seek - sought - sought - to search;

sell - sold - sold - trade;

send - sent - sent - send;

set - set - set - install;

shake - shook - shaken - shake;

shave - shaved - shaved (shaven) - shave;

shed - shed - shed - to spill;

shine - shone (shined) - shone (shined) - shine, shine;

shoot - shot - shot - shoot, shoot;

show - showed - shown (showed) - show;

shut - shut - shut - slam;

sing - sang - sung - sing;

sink - sank - sunk - to sink, sink, sink;

sit - sat - sat - sit;

sleep - slept - slept - sleep;

slide - slide - slide - slide;

slit - slit - slit - to tear, cut;

smell - smelt (smelled) - smelt (smelled) - smell, smell;

speak - spoke - spoken - carry on a conversation;

speed - sped (speeded) - sped (speeded) - accelerate, hurry;

spell - spelled (spelled) - spell (spelled) - write or read, pronouncing each letter;

spend - spent - spent - spend;

spill - spilt (spilled) - spilt (spilled) - to spill;

spin - spun (span) - spun - spin;

spit - spat (spit) - spat (spit) - don't care;

split - split - split - split;

spoil - spoilt (spoiled) - spoilt (spoiled) - spoil;

spotlight - spotlit (spotlighted) - spotlit (spotlighted) - illuminate;

spread - spread - spread - spread;

stand - stood - stood - stand;

steal - stole - stolen - to steal;

stick - stuck - stuck - to prick, glue;

sting - stung - stung - sting;

stink - stank; stunk - stunk - smell unpleasant;

strike - struck - struck - to strike, beat, go on strike;

swear - swore - sworn - to swear, take an oath;

swell - swelled - swollen (swelled) - to swell;

swim - swam - swum - to swim;

swing - swung - swung - swing.

Verbs starting with t:

take - took - taken - take, take;

teach - taught - taught - learn;

tear - tore - torn - tear;

tell - told - told - tell, say;

think - thought - thought - think;

throw - thrown - thrown - throw.

Verbs starting with w:

wake - woke (waked) - woken (waked) - wake up, wake up;

wear - wore - worn - wear (clothes);

weave - wove (weaved) - woven (weaved) - weave;

wed - wed (wedded) - wed (wedded) - to give in marriage;

weep - wept - wept - cry;

wet - wet (wetted) - wet (wetted) - wet, moisturize;

win - won - won - win;

wind - wound - wound - wind up (mechanism);

write - wrote - written - to write.

We hope that after reading the article, the English language has become a little clearer for you.

Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for shameless and daring cramming! This is how you can remember the most commonly used irregular verbs with pronunciation, which we have carefully selected for you, just as the leaves of the best varieties of tea are selected. Autumn is in full swing - brew some tea and let's go over the 3 forms of irregular verbs. Let's go!

Good to know that some of these verbs have the same spelling and pronunciation of all 3 forms, but there is also an insidious verb read, 2 and 3 forms of which are read . So pay attention! And don't screw this up!

Basic irregular verbs with the same forms

So, at first it will be much easier to memorize the above-mentioned irregular verbs of the English language than to cram everything. Here they are:

bet bet
burst explode)
cast cast a shadow, drop
cost cost, estimate
cut cut
fit fit (about clothes)
hit hit, hit
hurt injure, hurt, damage
let allow, allow
put put, put
quit leave, leave
rid rid
set install, install, configure
shed[ʃed] to shed (tears)
shit shit
shut[ʃʌt] close
slit cut
split divide, split, split
spread distribute
wet wet

In general, there are as many as 638 irregular verbs in the English language. But, fortunately, about 200+ are mostly used, and of these, the 100 most popular ones are used. Of course, you can learn all 638 and write a bestseller or retell Shakespeare in English. But do you really need that?

3 more verbs, the 1st and 3rd forms of which are the same:

come came come come
become became become become
run ran run run

Ways to form irregular verbs

So, easy! If the verb in Past Simple and Past Participle does not have the ending “- ed"(I felt / she has forgiven) - then he wrong, that is, verbs forming the Past Simple and Past Participle forms don't add ending «- ed» to the infinitive form, but are formed in other wonderful ways.

Like this, for example:

  • Change root vowels on " o"and adding graduation To 3 form:
break[brek] br o ke br o k en["brəuk(ə)n] (c)break
choose ch o se ch o se n["tʃəuz(ə)n] choose
forget forg o t forg o t ten forget
freeze fr o ze fr o ze n freeze, freeze
get g o t gott en["gɔtn] receive
speak sp o ke sp o ke n["spəuk(ə)n] talk
steal st o le st o le n["stəulən] steal
tear t o re t o r n tear
wake w o ke w o ke n["wəuk(ə)n] wake up
wear w o re w o r n put on
  • Change root vowels on " o» only in 2 verb form:
drive dr o ve driven ["drɪv(ə)n] to drive a car
ride r o de ridden ["rɪd(ə)n] to ride on horseback
rise r o se risen ["rɪz(ə)n] rise
write wr o te written ["rɪt(ə)n] write
  • Appearing in 2 form graduation «- ew", and in 3 — «- own"
blow bl ew bl own blow
fly fl ew fl own fly
grow gr ew gr own grow, grow
know kn ew kn own know
throw[θrəu]thr ew[θru:]thr own[θrəun] to throw
  • Changing endings 2 And 3 forms on "- ought" And "- aught»
bring br ought br ought bring
buy b ought b ought buy
catch c aught c aught catch
fight f ought f ought fight
seek s ought s ought search
teach t aught t aught teach
think[θɪŋk]th ought[θɔ:t]th ought[θɔ:t] to think
  • Change " ee" on " e» in 2 And 3 verb form + change in pronunciation
keep k e pt k e pt hold
sleep sl e pt sl e pt sleep
feel f e lt f e lt feel
bleed bl e dbl e d bleed
feed f e d f e d feed
meet m e t m e t meet
lead l e d l e d lead
  • Alternating vowels at the root of the word in all 3 forms according to the principle “ i-a-u»:
begin beg a nbeg u n start
drink dr a nk dr u nk drink
ring r a ng r u ng call
shrink[ʃrɪŋk] shr a nk [ʃræŋk] shr u nk [ʃrʌŋk] to shrink
sing s a ng s u ng sing
sink s a nk s u nk to sink, to sink
spring spr a ng spr u ng to arise, jump out
swim sw a m sw u m swim
  • And now! The most incorrect English verbs at all! They are so wrong that Dr. Evil himself (from the Austin Powers films) would be shocked! They defy explanation and logic, they do whatever they want, in a word, they are simply destroyers of the system! But what are the necessary and useful ones:
be was/were been to be, to be
do did done do
go went gone go
have had had have
make made made do, manufacture
  • Is there some more incorrect and at the same time correct verbs, kind of inverted verbs. Check it out!
VERB2 FORM3 FORMTRANSLATION
bereave bereft/bereaved deprive
bet bet/betted bet/betted bet
broadcast["brɔ:dkɑ:st] broadcast/broadcasted
broadcast/broadcasted
broadcast, transmit
burn burned/burnt
burned/burnt
burn, burn
bust busted/bust
busted/bust
organize a raid
chide chided/chid
chided/chidden
scold
clothe clothed/clad
clothed/clad
dress
crow crew/crowed
crowed crow, shout joyfully
croak, sneer
dive dived/dove
dived dive
dream dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
dream, dream
forecast["fɔ:kɑ:st] forecast/forecasted
["fɔ:kɑ:st/"fɔ:kɑ:sted]		 forecast/forecasted
["fɔ:kɑ:st/"fɔ:kɑ:sted]		 to predict the weather)
make a forecast
gild gild/gilded
gild/gilded
gild
gild
gird girt/girded girt/girded surround, tighten (belt)
attach a sword to a belt
hamstring["hæmstrɪŋ] hamstringed/hamstrung
["hæmstrɪŋd/"hæmstrʌŋ]		 hamstringed/hamstrung
["hæmstrɪŋd/"hæmstrʌŋ]		 cut, mutilate
lean lean/lean
lean/lean
tilt)
bend
leap leapt/leaped
leapt/leaped
jump, gallop
learn learned/learnt
learned/learnt
study)
light lit/lighted
lit/lighted
light up, illuminate
shrive[ʃraɪv] shrove/shrived
[ʃrəuv/ʃraɪvd]		 shriven/shrived
["ʃrɪv(ə)n/ʃraɪvd]		 confess
repent
spell spelled/spelled
spelled/spelled
spell or spell
to bewitch, to bewitch
spill spilt/spilled
spilt/spilled
spill, spill
spill, spill
spoilv spoiled/spoilt
spoiled/spoilt
(is)spoil
thrive[θraɪv] throve/thrived
[θrəuv/θraɪvd]		 thriven/thrived
["θrɪv(ə)n/θraɪvd]		 prosper
prosper
wake woke/awakened
woken/awakened
["wəuk(ə)n/weɪkt]		 wake up

We recommend remembering the form that is most familiar to you. After all, even the verb “ work" has irregular forms Past Indefinite and Past Participle (in both cases wrought), but it is outdated and practically not used. Create your own lists of irregular verbs and distribute them into categories that are convenient for you to memorize. And everything will be just fine!

100 most popular irregular verbs in English

table of irregular verbs
InfinitivePast SimplePast ParticipleTranslation
be was/were been to be, to be
beat beat beaten beat, pound
become became become become
be was/were been to be, to be
begin began begun start off
bend bent bent bend
bet bet bet bet
bite bit bitten bite
blow blew blown blow, exhale
break broke broken break, smash
destroy
bring brought brought bring, bring
deliver
build built built build, construct
buy bought bought buy, acquire
catch caught caught catch, catch
grab
choose chose chosen choose, elect
come came come come, approach
cost cost cost cost, cost
cut cut cut cut, cut
deal dealt dealt deal, distribute
dig dug dug dig, dig
do did done do, perform
draw drew drawn draw, draw
drink drank drunk drink
drive drove driven ride, give a ride
eat ate eaten eat, absorb
eat
fall fell fallen fall
feed fed fed feed
feel felt felt feel, sense
fight fought fought fight, fight
fight
find found found find, discover
fly flew flown fly
forget forgot forgotten forget about (something)
be was/were been to be, to be
forgive forgave forgiven forgive
freeze froze frozen freeze, freeze
get got got receive, get
give gave given give, give, donate
go went gone go, move
grow grew grown grow, grow up
hang hung hung hang up, hang up
hang
have had had have, possess
hear heard heard hear, hear
hide hid hidden hide, conceal
hit hit hit hit, hit
hold held held hold, hold
detain
hurt hurt hurt injure, bruise
to cause a pain
keep kept kept store, preserve
support
know knew known know, have an idea
lay laid laid put
cover
lead led led lead, accompany
lead
leave left left leave, leave
leave, leave
lend tape tape lend
lend (lend)
let let let allow, allow
lie lay lain lie
light lit lit light up, glow
illuminate
lose lost lost lose, be deprived
lose
make made made do, create
manufacture
mean meant meant mean, mean
mean
meet met met meet, get acquainted
pay paid paid pay, pay
pay off
put put put put, place
put
read read read read, read
ride rode ridden ride, ride
ring rank rung ring, ring
rise rose risen ascend, rise
get up
run ran run run, run
say said said talk, say
pronounce
see saw seen see
seek sought sought search, look for
sell sold sold sell, trade
send sent sent send, send
send
set set set install, set
assign
shake shook shaken shake, shake
shine shone shone shine, shine, illuminate
shoot shot shot fire
show showed shown/showed show
shut shut shut close, lock
shut
sing sang sung sing, hum
sink sank sunk to sink, to sink
sit sat sat sit, sit down
sleep slept slept sleep
speak spoke spoken talk, talk
speak out
spend spent spent spend, spend
spend time)
stand stood stood stand
steal stole stolen steal, steal
stick stuck stuck glue
strike struck struck/stricken hit, beat
hit
swear swore sworn swear, swear
sweep swept swept sweep/sweep
swipe
swim swam swum swim/float
swing swung swung swing, spin
take took taken take, grab, take
teach taught taught teach, train
tear tore torn tear, tear off
tell told told tell
think thought thought think, think
ponder
throw threw thrown throw, throw
throw
understand understood understood understand, comprehend
wake woke up woken wake up, wake up
wear wore worn wear clothes)
win won won win, win
write wrote written write, record

Memory game

We are talking about the analogy of a card “fool”. Irregular verbs in English are written on the cards, each form on a separate card. One deck contains about 20 verbs, that's 60 cards. Players are dealt 6 cards. The one with the initial form of the verb goes first. The next one must put the first or second form of this verb, or another verb in the initial form. For example: the first player makes a move with “go”, the second must put “went” or “gone”, or another verb in the initial form, for example, “come”. Further - by analogy. There is also a joker - this is a verb in which all forms are the same, for example “hit-hit-hit”. With the Joker, you can change the top card, that is, order the form of the verb that the owner of the Joker needs. If there are no suitable cards, then you need to take from the deck until you get one. The deck is disassembled to the end, and the one who does not have a single card left wins. The game is going great! Try it!

We hope that learning English irregular verbs will now become easier! And so that you have no doubts, we invite you to take a trial lesson! Don't be shy ;)

Big and friendly EnglishDom family

The English language requires a detailed and systematic approach. Of course, if the priority is to gain knowledge that will help in practice. A special place within this goal is occupied by, for which there are quite rational explanations.

Verb / Verb
be was, were been Be
beat beat beaten ["bi:tn] Beat
become became become Become
begin began begun Start off
bleed bled bled Bleed
blow blew blown Blow
break broke broken ["brouk(e)n] Break
bring brought brought Bring
build built built Build
burn burnt burnt burn
burst burst burst Break out
buy bought bought Buy
catch caught caught Catch, grab, catch
choose chose [ʃəuz] chosen Choose
come came come Come
cost cost cost Cost
creep crept crept Crawl
cut cut cut Cut
do did done Do
draw drew drawn Draw, drag
dream dream dream Dream, doze
drink drank drunk Drink
drive drove driven ["drivn] Drive
eat ate eaten ["i:tn] Eat
fall fell fallen ["fɔ:lən] Fall
feed fed fed Feed
feel felt felt Feel
fight fought fought Fight
find found found Find
fit fit fit Fit to size
fly flew flown Fly
forget forgot forgotten Forget
forgive forgave forgiven Forgive
freeze froze frozen ["frouzn] Freeze
get[get] got got Receive
give gave given Giving
go went gone Go
grow grew grown Grow
hang hung hung Hang
have had had Have
hear heard heard Hear
hide hid hidden ["hidn] Hide
hit hit hit Hit the target
hold held held Hold
hurt hurt hurt Hurt
keep kept kept Contain
kneel knelt knelt Kneel
know knew known Know
lay laid laid Putting
lead led led News
lean leant leant Tilt
learn learn learn Learn
leave left left Leave
lend tape tape Occupy
let let let Let
lie lay lain Lie
light lit lit illuminate
lose lost lost Lose
make made made Produce
mean meant meant To mean
meet met met Meet
mistake mistook mistaken To be wrong
pay paid paid To pay
prove proved proven Prove
put put put Put
quit quit quit Go out
read read read Read
ride rode ridden ["ridn] Ride a horse
ring rank rung Ring
rise rose risen ["rizn] Get up
run ran run Run
say said said Speak
see saw seen See
seek sought sought Search
sell sold sold Sell
send sent sent Send
set set set Put
sew sewed sewn Sew
shake [ʃeik] shook [ʃuk] shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] Shake
show [ʃəu] showed [ʃəud] shown [ʃəun] Show
shrink [ʃriŋk] shrank [ʃræŋk] shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] Reduce
shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] shut [ʃʌt] Close
sing sang sung Sing
sink sank, sunk sunk Drown
sit sat sat Sit
sleep slept slept Sleep
slide slide slide Slide
sow sowed south Sow
speak spoke spoken ["spouk(e)n] Speak
spell spelled spelled To spell
spend spent spent Spend
spill spilt spilt Shed
spoiler spoilt spoilt Spoil
spread spread spread spread out
spring sprang sprung Jump
stand stood stood Stand
steal stole stolen ["stəulən] Steal
stick stuck stuck prick
sting stung stung Sting
sweep swept swept Sweep
swell swelled swollen ["swoul(e)n] Swell
swim swam swum Swim
swing swung swung Sway
take took taken ["teik(ə)n] Take, take
teach taught taught Learn
tear tore torn Tear
tell told told Tell
think [θiŋk] thought [θɔ:t] thought [θɔ:t] Think
throw [θrəu] threw [θru:] thrown [θrəun] Throw
understand [ʌndə"stænd] understood [ʌndə"stud] understood [ʌndə"stud] Understand
wake woke up woken ["wouk(e)n] Wake up
wear wore worn Wear
weep wept wept Cry
wet wet wet Get wet
win won won Win
wind wound wound Wriggle
write wrote written ["ritn] Write

Why is it important to know English irregular verbs?

So, irregular verbs, as mentioned above, play a key role in the successful learning of the English language. Many people were able to verify this. Let's consider the main nuances.

    Practice shows: half of the mistakes made in speech and writing are in the incorrect use of verb forms and tenses. Often a verb is superfluous in a sentence or used falsely. This can completely change the meaning. The principle of learning English is that you need to start with those topics in which mistakes are often made. That's why table of irregular verbs must be fully studied. Otherwise, you can really get negative consequences consisting of confusion of phrases. When a lot of mistakes occur, the desire to learn a language disappears. This cannot be allowed. It is important to focus on the success of the task. With the right approach, all goals will be achieved.

    Irregular verbs can be used as builders of phrases and sentences that are unique in their impact and originality. English philologists are proud of such verbs, attributing them to the origins of the ancient Germanic language. Many English-speaking poets and writers drew creative strength from them. Readers may say that they are not going to write poetry in English (although in time everything is possible, it is difficult to predict the twists of fate). However, they form its foundation. Without them it is impossible to master the English language. Many people who devoted their free time to studying an international language were able to verify this. A systematic approach will allow you to master all topics, including those that are considered difficult to study.

    The study of irregular verbs is also required for the reason that some regular verbs are very similar to them. For example, found is similar to an irregular verb. If you perceive it this way, then in practice you will end up with confusion. Every nuance is important and should be taken into account.

    You need to start learning irregular verbs as early as possible. They are mostly based on exceptions rather than rules. This difficult moment should spur and stimulate. Regular verbs will become much easier to learn later. At all, basic irregular verbs in English still have a certain system. She will help in their development.

Irregular verbs are difficult, that's a fact. However, it is worth devoting at least 10 minutes every day to these “insidious parts of speech” so that they are learned once and for all. Having a certain system will make the task a little easier. It is important to understand: without irregular verbs there will be no English language. Therefore, it is worth spending time on them.

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