The cylinders must burn a mixture containing gasoline and air in a certain proportion. Excessive enrichment results in incomplete combustion, which causes stalls or unsuccessful start attempts. But if we talk about "injectors", excessive depletion of the mixture leads to the same result. Any of the two factors causes the spark plugs to be flooded with fuel - black smoke comes out of the pipe, pops are heard ... And in winter, spark plugs on the injector can flood for other reasons: low evaporation coefficient, non-zero water content.

One of the reasons the effect is manifested in winter is that the heat value is too high. An example in the video.

They say that when the candles are "flooded", black carbon deposits are formed. Let's clarify: it should not consist of inclusions. All metal, in turn, will be covered with an oily coating. Dry soot looks different ...

Oily layer and dry carbon deposits

The photo shows two cases. “Our Option” is on the right.

Carbon deposits can also be brown. And it always, in 100% of cases, is formed due to flooding with gasoline.

Dark brown carbon deposits

The oily coating, as in photo 1, is, nevertheless, the result of oil ingress. But an oiled candle does not work correctly - it will also be flooded.

With regular "pouring" carbon deposits are formed, which we see in photo 1 on the right and in photo 2. The rest does not apply to our case.

We are looking for the reasons why he floods the candles on the injector

Both a lean and too rich mixture will cause the engine to stall. But the ECU cannot be wrong ... The injectors, in turn, can be clogged - everything is clear here. And even in the cold, the valve may not close well due to the formed ice.

Gasoline slick on the water

Conclusion: It is desirable to use fuel with zero water content. The carburetor with water can simply freeze, and each of the four (six, eight) injectors will fill the candles at start-up.

Main list

The main reasons the engine fills the candles are as follows:

• In winter - the presence of water in gasoline;
• The evaporation rate must correspond to the air temperature (season). There is “summer” and “winter” gasoline. By the way, the specified coefficient has nothing to do with the octane number;
• Clogged nozzles - the reason for the preparation of a lean mixture;
• Slow cranking at start is also a common cause;
• Defective valve stem seals contribute to the presence of oil in the combustible mixture.

With the addition of ferrocene additives, the second reason is exacerbated. And the fourth reason is being fought by switching to the use of the "right" oils. The material should not freeze in frost.

How they do it in practice

It is possible to start an injection internal combustion engine in winter with both winter and summer fuel. It's just that in the second case, the mixture will have to be made lean. The question is how to achieve this ... For example, you can flash a "winter" program. Or do it like this:

1. The temperature sensor is temporarily disconnected before starting the engine. Instead, a sensor is put on the plug, warmed up in the hands;
2. We are trying to turn on the starter ... ECU "thinks" that the engine is warmed up, and prepares a leaner mixture than it should be.

Note that the DTOZH sensor will be attached to the thermostat.

DTOZH ECU connector, VAZ-2114 car

If the number of sensors exceeds 1, turn off the one to which two wires go. It is always connected to the ECU.

Low volatility fuels do not mix well with cold air - the mixture is not homogeneous. But if the concentration is lowered, the problem is solved.

Video with an example: how they solved the problem on the 1G-FE motor

Imagine a situation that can often be observed in winter: a driver, having left his car in the garage, cannot start the engine in the morning, even with a charged battery. Such cases are typical for winter, since at low temperatures the processes in the motor are almost unpredictable. The fuel may not ignite completely, and then the candles are flooded with gasoline, despite the fact that a spark is formed. Let's say the mixture is too rich and the compression is insufficient. Then, in any case, the combustion process cannot go on. The reasons for such phenomena have long been known, and how to deal with them is described further.

Why is this happening

The operation of injection engines, where the mixture is formed in the volume of the fuel rail, is always controlled by a special controller. The control unit in question is also called "ECU":

The injection motor will not start without the ECU

The program installed in the unit's memory always determines for how many milliseconds each of the nozzles should open. The longer the nozzle is open, the richer the mixture is formed. And in winter, at low temperatures, the controller seeks to enrich the mixture to the maximum. And then the following happens:

• The concentration of gasoline in the mixture is at its maximum, but the temperature of the fuel and air remains lower than is typical for the summer period;
• Compression in the cylinder, due to worn parts, may be insufficient;
• If there is carbon deposits on the plug contacts, sparking does not occur as the developers expected.

In total, these three factors lead to the following result: the fuel does not burn, but gets on the spark plug contacts. As a result, sparking stops, and then, when you try to start the engine, gasoline is pumped into the cylinder. Then, at a certain point, the fuel detonates.

When the candles are filled with fuel, you can observe the same symptoms on any car. Starting during the operation of the starter does not occur, but the driver will hear the pops characteristic of such cases (the result of detonation).

Causes of the problem and set of solutions

If the spark plugs are really flooded with gasoline when starting the engine, then you need to check how well the spark is forming in the engine. You may have to sequentially unscrew each of the candles, having previously removed the high-voltage connectors. In this case, the ignition must be turned off. It is advisable to disconnect one of the battery terminals too.

What to check:

• There should be no carbon deposits on the contacts of the plug;
• The distance between the contacts must correspond to the "passport value".

The bad news is that the reason for the unstable formation of a spark can be the poor quality of the wiring, and any malfunction in the ignition control system. Sometimes finding the cause takes longer than fixing the defect. In such cases, it is difficult to do without the help of professionals. Don't overestimate your strength.

By the way, you can try to reason logically. The controller regulates the concentration of the mixture based on the air temperature values. And these values ​​are determined according to the readings of the only sensor - DTOZH.

This is, of course, the coolant temperature sensor.

The readings of the antifreeze temperature sensor may in fact be underestimated. Then don't be surprised that the mixture is too rich in fuel. The recommendation to fix the problem looks trivial. The sensor needs to be replaced.

Note that in modern engines, not one temperature sensor is used to calculate the mixture concentration, but several. An air heating sensor installed in the intake manifold can also be used. But the presence of engine oil in the manifold is not uncommon. And imagine what will happen if liquid gets on the body of such a sensor.

The controller program is designed so that the main source of information about the air temperature is the DTOZH sensor. For modern engines that use a variety of temperature control elements, this is also true.

If the candles are already flooded, what to do next

If there is a suspicion that in at least one of the cylinders the spark plug is filled with gasoline, proceed as follows:

1. They stop the starter, turn off the electrical wiring, dismantle the spark plug;
2. Close the candle well so that no dust gets into it. The shaft is rotated with a starter by 10-15 revolutions;
3. The candle is dried and replaced.

1. The spark plugs can be dried in the engine itself before performing “step 1” above. When the starter is working, the gas pedal is recessed "to the floor" and air is sucked in through the ramp;
2. To remove carbon deposits, you can use a metal brush. A regular toothbrush will work too;
3. If the compression in the cylinder is insufficient, it will be useless to change or clean the spark plugs. Only major repairs will help here.

When replacing or reinstalling candles, it is advisable not to overtighten their fastening. At the same time, a plug that is not screwed in will cause breakdown of all engine systems.

Smooth engine start, with high air humidity or in the cold season, becomes a real torment for motorists. And this is due, first of all, to the fact that the fuel mixture fills the spark plugs. Why this happens, and how to fix this problem, will be discussed later.

Reasons for pouring candles

When you try to start the car, the starter moves the valves of the engine cylinders, thereby trying to start it. At this time, the formation of a fuel-air mixture occurs in the cylinder chambers, which should flare up after a discharge jumps on the spark plug.

What happens at high humidity and low temperatures? The fact is that the course of a chemical reaction is disrupted in the fuel-air mixture, due to which it does not ignite. And, of course, because of this, spark plugs are poured.

In fairness, it must be said that such a malfunction occurs, as a rule, only on old car models and on cars with serious mileage. This is due, first of all, to three reasons:

• Reduced compression in the engine cylinders,
  how to measure compression:
  on injection engine
  on diesel engine
• Low quality gasoline;
• Clogged nozzles.

What to do if spark plugs are flooded

There are three ways to fix the problem yourself when flooding the candles.

METHOD # 1. Replacing candles

Via candle wrench, one by one, the old ones are unscrewed and new spark plugs are installed.

METHOD # 2. Cleaning old candles

Cleaning old candles of any type is done in the same way. The candles are unscrewed and cleaned with a metal brush - without incandescence, if the carbon deposits are small and easily removed.

And heating will be required if a large layer of carbon has already formed on the candles. You need to ignite the candles until they turn red. After that, carbon deposits can be easily removed, and after the candle has cooled down, its contacts will need to be cleaned. However, excessive overheating of the candles will lead to cracking of their ceramic insulator and the impossibility of further use.

METHOD # 3. Purge in progress

One of the most effective, safe and simple ways eliminate the problem of filling candles - purging. Blowing (aka drying) of the candles is carried out as follows:

• We recessed the gas pedal all the way, opening the throttle to the maximum;
• At the same time, we continuously rotate the starter.

As a result of such manipulations, air, in a sufficiently large amount, begins to enter the cylinders and enters the candles, drying them out. Purge is used for both injectors and carburetor engines. The only drawback of purging is that it cannot be used with a low battery charge, since it discharges quickly enough during this procedure.

How to keep spark plugs from flooding?

It turns out that candles will not be flooded if you follow three rules:

• Use only hard-to-thicken engine oils that are not afraid of low temperatures;
• Use fuel only High Quality and only the brand that should be used for a particular car;
• Systematically adjust the nozzles on the injectors, and carry out their routine cleaning (how to rinse the nozzles with your own hands).

SUMMARY

Preliminary preparation of a car for operation in the cold season is a guarantee of its reliable operation.

Of the "little things" that are often forgotten by novice drivers, it is possible to note the switching of the filter to the "winter" mode from the "summer" mode. In addition, you must always monitor the high battery charge, for easier engine winding. Well, as for the candles, you need to know that one more set of spare candles will never be superfluous! After all, candles can be poured at any time, and you need to be ready for this.

Video: New method for cleaning spark plugs

Video: Drying candles on a VAZ 2114

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The problem of flooding the injector plugs can also be the malfunctioning of the bypass valve in the fuel rail. To check if the bypass valve is working, measure the fuel pressure in the rail. The fuel supply must be strictly under the pressure specified for a particular engine. If the fuel is supplied with a low or high pressure, then the candles are flooded.

Injectors are also subject to diagnosis. You should also diagnose the electronic engine control system (ECM) sensor. Since the control unit decides to enrich the mixture or lean it out, if, for example, the coolant temperature sensor (DTOZH) does not work, then the control unit receives incorrect temperature data and incorrectly distributes the fuel supply, the injectors begin to overflow fuel. It is also possible that the control unit itself has gone out of service.

Spark plugs have been doused with engine oil.

We have already considered that candles can be filled with gasoline or engine oil in carburetor engines and injector.

If you find that the spark plugs are filled with engine oil, you need to look where the oil is located.

If the oil is in the upper part of the spark plug, at the beginning of the insulator, then, most likely, the problem is in the valve cover gasket, oil seals.

If the thread of the candle and the electrode are filled with oil, then, most likely, the cylinder-piston pair has worn out, as well as the oil scraper piston rings are out of order. All this leads to the formation of soot, varnish, sludge, coke. Then you have to cleanse, do.

What to do if candles are flooded.

How to start a car if the engine spark plugs are flooded. For the case when the candles are wet from gasoline in the injection engine, unscrew the candles, hold them on fire with pliers (dry them), turn the starter without installed candles for about 10 seconds to ventilate the pistons. After that, the candles are twisted and, as a rule, the car will start.

How to dry cylinders without unscrewing the spark plugs in the injector

Dry the cylinders in this order:

1. The gas pedal is squeezed all the way to the maximum.
2. Turn the ignition key and turn the starter for about 10 seconds.
3. Release the gas pedal.

If the gas pedal is depressed, open throttle, due to which there is air circulation and the candles are dried.

In this non-tricky way, you can start an injection car after filling the candles with gasoline.

If the method of drying without dismantling the candles does not help, then you will have to dry the candles by hand. Manual cleaning is better, since the electrode itself can also be quickly cleaned of carbon deposits and heated over a fire, and check the gap.

Spark plugs are not expensive, those who do not want to mess around and clean them, buy new ones that are appropriate for a given engine.

The service life of spark plugs is from 15 to 25 thousand kilometers.

If simple minor repairs and simple steps to eliminate this cause do not help, then you need to carry out deep diagnostics: check the ignition system, ignition coils, injectors, temperature sensor, Hall sensor.

In the video, the solution to the question: why the injector does not start in frost.

Greetings, dear motorists. Many motorists are faced with a similar problem: I arrived yesterday, left the car in the garage, everything was fine. In the morning I started to start the engine, but it will not start.

There can be many reasons for this. But in this article we will discuss the most common - filling the spark plugs with gasoline, regardless of whether you have an injector or a carburetor.

It is characteristic that in the warm season, candles are not flooded as often as at temperatures below zero. Therefore, let's try to figure it out in order: why does it fill the candles in the injector and how to start the engine. Download dle 10.3 movies for free

Reasons why gasoline floods candles

In general, the reason for flooding the candles on the injector is simple. And it consists in particular of the work of the "electronic brains" of your machine.

In subzero temperatures, certain efforts are required to mix the air-fuel mixture: a lot of oxygen in the cold air needs a lot of fuel. Accordingly, the ECU sets the task for the injector nozzles to increase the fuel supply, which they perform in good faith.

But the engine does the following, especially if your car is equipped with an old battery. The injectors supply fuel to the combustion chamber, while the starter tries to create the desired compression in the cylinders, and at the same time tries to give a spark for ignition. We also remember about the quality of the fuel, which does not differ in good parameters.

The end result, with perfect compression, in the injector spark plugs are able to start the engine at a minimum impulse, and perfect compression is only available on a new car. That is why it does not flood the injector spark plugs on a new car.

The spark is weak, the compression in cold weather does not correspond to the parameters, and the nozzles supply fuel to the combustion chamber, which fills the candles, and they, in turn, simply cease to show signs of life.

This is the answer to the question - why does it fill the candles on the injector.

What to do when it floods the candles

There are two options for solving the problem. The operating book says: if the spark plugs near the injector are filled with gasoline, they must be unscrewed and dried. When the candles are removed, you need to twist the starter for about 10-15 seconds. Put the spark plugs back and start the engine. Such actions are advised by the manufacturer.

But there is also a proven popular driving method. If your spark plugs are filled with gasoline, before unscrewing and drying them, try starting the engine as follows: purge mode.

On the injector: depress the gas pedal as far as it will go. With the help of the starter, we turn the engine for 10-12 seconds, after which we release the gas pedal. The car should start. This is because in this way you shut off the fuel supply and blow out the candles with a stream of air.

If the engine does not start, try to dry the spark plugs. For the injector, they are no different from those that are put on carburetor engines... Therefore, we will again use the "old-fashioned" method: we unscrew the candles and clean them of carbon deposits with a metal brush, or a toothbrush, dry them with a hairdryer, either with a gas stove or in the oven. Let's check the gap, and then screw the candles into place. After that, the engine should start.

But if the story continues to repeat itself every morning when the candles are poured, it is necessary to carry out diagnostics: check the spark plugs for the quality of the spark supply, the cleanliness of the injectors, the spark output from the ignition coil and the Hall sensor.

Conditions under which spark plugs will not be filled with gasoline

Of course, these conditions are ideal, but most of them you have the ability to control so that the car starts in the morning and you can move about your business.

Well, the basic conditions are as follows:
- the battery must be well charged, and the starter must be in good working order
- the oil must meet the parameters for cold seasons
- high voltage wires with spark plugs must be of high quality and serviceable
- it is necessary to clean and adjust the injector nozzles in a timely manner. Better not using different additives in fuel tank, and with the help of equipment that is used to clean the injectors
- good quality gasoline

People's advice: in order for the engine to start normally in the cold season, and not to flood the candles with fuel, the engine must be “turned” about 1 time a month, having covered a distance of 50-100 km at a speed of 100-200 km / h on high-quality fuel.

Or once every two days, while driving, for 10 seconds, load the engine up to 4500-5000 rpm, for self-cleaning of carbon deposits and deposits in the chamber.

As you understand, these conditions can be controlled without the help of masters from the car service.