I must admit, I looked forward to our first meeting on June 14, 1968 with Vasily Trushin, the first secretary of the Moscow Komsomol Civil Committee, a member of the Bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee, with excitement. I perfectly understood the role and place of the Moscow Komsomol, its influence on all the affairs of the Komsomol. I understood that not all Komsomol workers in the capital liked the election of a Ural citizen as the first secretary of the Central Committee - Moscow was and remained a forge of personnel, including Komsomol members.

The excitement passed as soon as Vasily Petrovich uttered his first words. He kindly, sincerely, in a comradely way congratulated him on his election and wished him success. We immediately moved on to the business and concerns of the Komsomol Group of Companies. The experience of the capital's Komsomol was repeatedly approved by the Central Committee of the Komsomol and became the property of the whole country. The first people's squads, student construction and Komsomol operational teams, schools for young cosmonauts, the Leather Ball and Golden Puck clubs, the pioneer game "Zarnitsa" appeared in Moscow... We discussed measures to increase the activity and militancy of Komsomol organizations in Moscow.

On June 21, together with V. Trushin, we spent Komsomol organization ZIL, numbering over 20 thousand people. Plant director P.D. Borodin, party committee secretary A.I. Volsky, secretary of the Komsomol Committee Viktor Krasilnikov and worker, member of the Komsomol Central Committee Viktor Abashin introduced the plant and its rich history. The most difficult problems were discussed with Komsomol activists, and there were many of them. There was an acute shortage of highly qualified personnel. 15 thousand Komsomol members lived in dormitories, as they came from various regions of the country and after serving in the army. Considering the acute shortage of workers, the Komsomol Central Committee sent a Komsomol shock detachment and a thousand SSO soldiers to ZIL, and declared the reconstruction of ZIL an All-Union Komsomol shock construction project. He significantly increased the salaries of the secretaries of the Komsomol organizations of the workshops, which at ZIL was 100 rubles, and the average for the plant exceeded 200 rubles.

I was interested in the experience of the Komsomol organization in developing scientific and technical creativity of young people and introducing its achievements into production. An example of this was the Yunost minibus, created by the hands of young factory workers. 618 young innovators made 700 proposals, of which 372 were implemented. The economic effect amounted to almost 195 thousand rubles. Among the NTTM laureates was the young engineer Valery Saikin, future director of ZIL, chairman of the Moscow City Council.

Soon, members of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Komsomol, the first secretaries of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the republics, regional committees and regional committees of the Komsomol became familiar with the activities of the Komsomol organization ZIL for the development of scientific and technical creativity of youth, the motto of which is: “Know new things, create, implement!” The councils of NTTM took patronage over the release of a new car - the ZIL-169 tractor, increasing the service life of the ZIL-130 car to 250 thousand kilometers. The Bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee was held at ZIL, attended by the USSR Minister of Automotive Industry A.M. Tarasov, the managers of the plant, was approved and recommended for wide dissemination of the experience of the Komsomol members of Zilov. “KP” published a page with the appeal: “Youth! Join the ranks of champions of scientific and technological progress!”

On October 20, in KP, Vasily Trushin, in his article “By the right of heirs,” spoke about the multifaceted activities of the 900,000-strong organization in the capital, about the contribution of Komsomol members and youth to the development of industry, science, culture and sports. 375 thousand personal labor gifts were prepared for the Komsomol’s golden anniversary. 6 thousand brigades won the title “named after the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol”, 30 thousand MTR soldiers earned 45 million rubles.

On October 25, in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses at the solemn plenum of the Komsomol Central Committee, with the participation of Komsomol members of all generations, L.I. Brezhnev and other leaders of the party and state, Vasily Trushin, Alexander Pokryshkin, Valentina Tereshkova, secretaries of the Central Committee accepted the Order of the October Revolution, which the Komsomol was awarded for outstanding revolutionary, military and labor services, for success in raising children and youth.

On October 29, a demonstration of one hundred thousand Komsomol members from Moscow and the Moscow region and delegations of the union republics took place on Red Square. On the podium of the Mausoleum were the first secretaries of the Moscow City Committee and the Moscow Committee of the CPSU V.V. Grishin, V.I. Konotop, Marshals Soviet Union THEIR. Bagramyan, I.S. Konev and K.S. Moskalenko, secretaries of the Central Committee, MGK and MK Komsomol, pilot-cosmonauts of the USSR, leaders of fraternal youth unions.

The voice of Yuri Levitan is heard: “Dear friend! You are standing on Red Square, where the paths of generations converge, where the destinies of nations intertwine, where the heart of an era beats. Holiday gathers us here, memory calls us here, here we rejoice, here we swear.” Everyone who heard these words, no matter how far they were from the capital, felt like they were on Red Square. This was a manifestation of the entire Komsomol.

Vasily Trushin’s command sounds: “Look up to the heroic half-century history of the Lenin Komsomol! Bring in the banners of Komsomol valor, the banners of struggle, labor and victories!” The banners of the Revolution, Civil and Great are solemnly brought in Patriotic Wars, "Aurora", Magnitka, Moscow Metro, All-Union Komsomol construction projects, Moscow city and Moscow regional Komsomol organizations. The banner of the Lenin Komsomol was carried by Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, member of the Komsomol Central Committee Alexei Leonov.

The 50-year history of the Komsomol passed visibly and vividly before those gathered, the country and the world. Quiet square, fortunately
bowed their heads, with a minute of silence honored the bright and eternal memory of the legendary heroes of the Komsomol, all Komsomol members, Komsomol and pioneer workers who gave their lives for the Motherland. The Appeal to Komsomol members and youth of the Soviet Union was unanimously adopted.

Minister of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union A.A. Grechko, in commemoration of the military merits of the Komsomol, Soviet youth and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol, gave the order:
“On October 29, at 20 o’clock local time, fire a salute in the capital of our Motherland - the hero city of Moscow, the capitals of the union republics, as well as in the hero cities of Leningrad, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa and in the hero fortress of Brest with fifty artillery salvoes.” . So powerfully, with a huge emotional upsurge, the celebrations on the occasion of the anniversary of the Komsomol ended. For the first time, the Motherland saluted the Lenin Komsomol and its glorious students.

Vasily Petrovich Trushin gave a ticket to a big life to the future leaders of the capital's Komsomol: Leonid Matveev, Sergei Kupreev, Valery Shadrin, Viktor Mishin, who became the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee, as well as Vladimir Sitsev, Tamara Stoyakina, Igor Shakhmanov, Olga Grekova, Vladimir Dragomir, Rimma Zhukova , Irina Konyukhova, Valery Shantsev, Yuri Churbanov, Evgeniy Sidorov and many others.

The next plenum of the Central Committee of the Komsomol was approaching; it was necessary to elect a secretary of the Central Committee for the problems of student youth. My colleagues and I had the same opinion - to recommend Vasily Trushin, a bright, talented and popular Komsomol leader. However, the CPSU Central Committee did not support our proposal, since
V.V. Grishin, knowing the intention of the Komsomol Central Committee, got ahead of - V.P. Trushin was elected first secretary of the newly created Perovsky district committee of the capital's CPSU. I'm sure there were reasons for this. Trushin is an honest, deeply convinced and principled person. In June 1967, the bureau of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU City Committee considered the issue of releasing N.G. Egorycheva from the duties of first secretary. As a candidate member of the MGK bureau, Vasily Petrovich not only asked “inconvenient” questions, but also expressed disagreement with his release. I think V.V. Grishin, having become the first secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU, could not forgive him for this.

On December 26, 1968, the Plenum of the Komsomol Central Committee released V.P. Trushina from the duties of a member of the Bureau. He was awarded the Komsomol Badge of Honor, which he proudly wore on his uniform along with four Orders of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

V.P. Trushin never broke contact with the Komsomol. He contributed in every possible way to the formation and development of the Higher Commissariat of Schools under the Central Committee of the Komsomol. With his energetic support, a magnificent academic building, a sports complex with a swimming pool, a 50-meter shooting range, houses for professors and staff, and student dormitories were built. On October 1, 1969, he participated in the grand opening of the High School. Working as the head of the Moscow City Internal Affairs Directorate, in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the RSFSR, he fruitfully collaborated with the Komsomol in the legal education of youth, in the fight against crime, for strengthening law and order. In those years, law enforcement agencies were replenished mainly by Komsomol members on the recommendations of the Komsomol committees from among the best members of operational Komsomol detachments and discharge athletes. Many Komsomol workers came to the apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, RSFSR, other republics, territories and regions. Among them, Gennady Zhabitsky, Konstantin Platonov, Viktor Karpochev, Vyacheslav Ryabov, Gennady Mitrofanenko, Nikolay Frolov, Yuri Tomashev, Sergey Kupreev became generals, and Valery Ivenin, Gennady Feklichev, Stanislav Pylev became colonels...

Ministers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR
ON THE. Shchelokov and B.K. The Pugos highly valued and deeply respected Vasily Petrovich, entrusting him with the most important, complex and responsible matters. Colonel General Trushin actively participated in the preparation and holding of the Moscow Olympics-80, in resolving the most acute ethnic conflicts in the country, and laid the foundations for cooperation with Interpol. He was the chief of staff for liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl tragedy and the terrible earthquake in Armenia.

V.P. Trushin had unique qualities of a leader, he was a man of action, creative creative energy, a restless heart, attentive and cordial. He knew history, literature, art. Together with his wife Margarita Nikolaevna, they were often seen in theaters, at concerts, and in art galleries.

After his resignation, Vasily Petrovich was out of work for quite a long time. But only
N.N. Troshkin, president of the Foundation for Strengthening Law and Order, in 1996 offered him the position of first vice president. Vast experience and a sincere desire to help veterans and young law enforcement officers and cadets contributed to the further expansion of the fund’s scope of activities and increased its effectiveness. This is convincingly stated in the article
N.N. Troshkina.

Vasily Petrovich Trushin was and remains in the memory of millions a man of honor and duty, a true patriot who selflessly served the Motherland, the people and the law.

The fanfare on the occasion of the 95th anniversary of the Komsomol died down, the Komsomol veterans who built factories and towns began to cry, and their glasses clinked at the words: “Do you remember?” Indeed, a lot was done, and sincerely at the call of the heart and at the behest of the soul. And who have become today those who called Komsomol members to labor feats, demanded lack of silver, punished for wearing jeans and indulging in Western culture. On one of the Internet forums they provided a list of current high officials and oligarchs who began their careers in the Komsomol.

– Vladimir Zyukin – first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1990–1991). Head of the brokerage company Creighton Capital.

– Viktor Mironenko – first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1986–1990). Coordinating Secretary of the Social Democratic Party of Russia, Advisor to the President of the Gorbachev Foundation Mikhail Gorbachev, Director of the International Institute “Youth for a Culture of Peace and Democracy” UNESCO.

– Viktor Mishin – first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1982–1986). Chief of Staff, Secretary of the Political Council of the Fatherland movement (1998–1999), Chairman of the Board of Crocus Bank, Member of the Board and Board of Trustees of the Moscow English Club.

– Evgeny Tyazhelnikov – first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1968–1982). Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Russia, professor at the Youth Institute in Moscow, chairman of the Moscow community “Chelyabinsk” (2001–2003).

– Lyudmila Shvetsova – Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1981–1989). First Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Government.

– Stanislav Smirnov – first secretary of the Komsomol Moscow City Committee (1985–1989), secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1989–1990). President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation (1991–2001). Re-elected for gross violations in the performance of his duties.

– Joseph Ordzhonikidze – first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee of Georgia, secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee (1990–1991). Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Government.

– Valentina Matvienko – department head, secretary, first secretary of the Petrograd regional committee of the Komsomol (1972–1977), secretary, second, first secretary of the Leningrad regional committee of the Komsomol (1977–1984). Governor of St. Petersburg.

– Sergei Kiriyenko – second secretary of the Nizhny Novgorod regional committee of the Komsomol (1990–1992). Plenipotentiary Representative of the President in Privolzhsky federal district.

– Mikhail Khodorkovsky – Deputy Secretary of the Frunzensky District Committee of the Komsomol of Moscow (1986–1987), Director of the Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity of Youth (1987–1989). Chairman of the Board of Oil Company Yukos.

– Alexander Voloshin – released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Moscow-Sortirovochnaya station (1982–1983). Head of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation (1998–2003)

— Boris Pastukhov — 1977-1982. - First Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee. 1978-1986 - Member of the CPSU Central Committee.
1986-1989 — Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the Kingdom of Denmark. 1989 - December 1991 — Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the USSR to the Republic of Afghanistan. From January 1992 to February 1996 - Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since February 3, 1996 - First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation for CIS Affairs. On September 25, 1998, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, he was appointed to the post of Minister for CIS Affairs. In August 1999, he was included in the federal list of candidates for State Duma deputies of the Fatherland - All Russia electoral bloc (number 10 in the central part of the list). On December 19, 1999, he was elected to the State Duma of the third convocation on the federal list of the OVR. On February 9, 2000, he was elected chairman of the State Duma Committee on CIS Affairs and Relations with Compatriots from the Fatherland - All Russia faction. In December 2003, he was elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fourth convocation.
— Vladimir Kobyashev — 2nd secretary of the Voronezh regional committee of the Komsomol in the late 80s. Vladimir Kobyashev worked in the Voronezh regional administration under the previous governors - Alexander Tsapin, Alexander Kovalev, Ivan Shabanov, and managed to hold on under the current governor Vladimir Kulakov. Head of the regional administration.

Congratulations to Komsomol members of all generations on the 95th anniversary of the Komsomol

October 29, 2013 marks the 95th anniversary of the Komsomol

Komsomol (short for Communist Youth League), full name - All-Union Leninist communist union Youth (VLKSM) is a political youth organization in the USSR. The Russian Communist Youth Union (RKSM) was created on October 29, 1918, in 1924 the RKSM was named after V.I. Lenin - the Russian Leninist Communist Youth Union (RLKSM), in connection with the formation USSR(1922) the Komsomol in March 1926 was renamed the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (VLKSM). In 1977, over 36 million USSR citizens aged 14-28 were members of the Komsomol. Today in Russia the legal successor of the Komsomol is the Komsomol of the Russian Federation.

My Komsomol youth...
You and I are related forever.
You are the major milestones of my destiny,
Home, work, friends and family.

You rang your victorious blade,
You were burning with the fire of five years,
Fought, worked, sang,
You went straight into battle with routine.

My Komsomol youth...
I threw a lot of bumps.
She either scolded me or caressed me.
School of life from A to Z.

Life is rapidly rushing forward,
Our heads have turned gray
But we are all young at heart,
Youth lives in the heart as before

My Komsomol youth...
Smoke from a fire, a ray of sunshine in bad weather,
You were seething, seething with happiness,
Raising her wings, she called across the seas.

Virgin soil, starry space, Earth.
BAM and Tynda, the expanses of the universe,
You are, as before, in the ranks, invariably.
My Komsomol youth.

Tatiana Lavrova

PIONEERS OF KOMSOMOL

Boris Bazhanov, Stalin's personal secretary who fled to the West, wrote in his memoirs that the founder of the Komsomol was Lazar Shatskin. He was a very smart, cultured and capable young man from a wealthy Jewish family. Shatskin invented the Komsomol, was its creator and organizer. Bazhanov thought so and had every reason for this.

During the period of the “Great Terror”, Shatskin was among the first to be subjected to repression. His name was forgotten. And even after the 20th Congress of the CPSU, after its rehabilitation, the leaders of the Komsomol and their senior mentors from the CPSU Central Committee did not want to remember that the founder of the Komsomol was the Jew Shatskin. Or maybe not one, but even three Jews, for Oscar Ryvkin and Efim Tsetlin, together with Lazar, created the Komsomol, and in the first years of its existence they were the first secretaries of the Komsomol Central Committee.
It was only during the period of Gorbachev’s perestroika that interesting publications appeared about the first Komsomol organizers in the oldest youth magazine “Smena”.
Alexander Galagan and Anatoly Zinoviev published an essay about Lazar Shatskin in this magazine (No. 1460 for March 1988). The authors emphasize that he was the youngest leader in the entire history of the Komsomol - he headed the Central Committee when he was just eighteen years old. Lazar spent three years in this post, but his contribution to the formation of the Komsomol was significant. His contribution to the creation of the Communist Youth International was also significant. Shatskin was one of the first theorists of the history of the Komsomol, the author of many books and brochures. His works are still interesting to this day. We will not sin against the truth if we call Lazar Shatskin the most popular figure in the communist youth movement of the 20s.
What kind of person was Lazar Shatskin who became one of the organizers and leaders of the Komsomol? Lazar Shatskin lived a life that was offensively short, but surprisingly full of significant deeds and events. Fate gave him only 35 years of life, while all the achievements associated with the Komsomol and the international youth movement were accomplished by him long before his thirtieth birthday.
Shatskin was born in 1902 in Suwalki in what is now Poland into a very wealthy family of a merchant of the 1st guild. His father was the owner of a chain of stores. His parents gave him a good education. He even learned to play the piano and violin, and since childhood, having shown exceptional talent in literally everything, broad prospects opened up for him in any field, be it commerce, science or art. But the young man, almost a boy, chose a different path for himself. Lazar Shatskin was only fifteen years old when in May 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party. Then he became one of the organizers of the Komsomol, was elected secretary, and then first secretary of the Central Committee of the RKSM.
From October 29 to November 4, 1918, the First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth was held in Moscow, which proclaimed the creation of the Komsomol - the Russian Communist Youth League. 176 delegates were present. They represented 22,100 members of youth organizations. Lazar at the congress was the main speaker on the Komsomol Program, which he himself wrote. At the congress he was elected secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee.
If doubts sometimes arose on the issue of creating the Komsomol - whether this idea was proposed only by Shatskin, or by Shatskin, Ryvkin and Tsetlin together, then on the issue of creating the Communist Youth International there is no doubt and cannot be. This idea was proposed and implemented by Lazar Shatskin. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia writes that the idea of ​​​​creating the Communist Youth International belongs to Lenin. But that's not true. In fact, this idea was expressed by Lazar Shatskin. He presented it to Lenin - Vladimir Ilyich approved. And he suggested, without delay, to unfold preparatory work on the creation of CMM. Lazar headed the RKSM delegation at the First Founding Congress of the KIM, which took place in Berlin on November 20-26, 1919. Representatives of youth organizations from 13 countries were present - Russia, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, Switzerland, etc. The Congress elected Shatskin as secretary and member of the executive committee of the Communist Youth International.
The word “KIM” has become firmly established in everyday life. And now you can often meet people well over 70 who bear the name Kim or Kima. It was once upon a time that their parents, Komsomol members, named them that way in honor of the Communist Youth International. And now in the Tula region there is the city of Kimovsk and the Kimovsky district.
Lazar met with V.I. Lenin several times. Largely thanks to Shatskin, V.I. Lenin spoke at the III Congress of the RKSM. Vladimir Ilyich gave a speech “Tasks of Youth Unions.” He then put forward the task - to study, study, study communism. Delegated from the Komsomol Central Committee to Vladimir Ilyich. Lazar informed him about the situation in the Youth Union and secured his consent to speak at the congress; he also chaired the meeting of the Komsomol forum on the evening of October 2, 1920, opening the congress with a fiery introductory remarks. Then he gave the floor to Lenin.
As we see, even a simple list (by no means complete, we note) of Shatskin’s main affairs shows that they would be more than enough to decorate the revolutionary biography of a dozen of his peers. Take, for example, meetings with V.I. Lenin. Strictly speaking, these were not just meetings, but business, working conversations on the issues of the youth movement that were relevant at that time. This was the case, for example, in May 1919, when V.I. Lenin received the Secretary of the Central Committee of the RKSM Lazar Shatskin and the young German communist Alfred Kurella to discuss the nature of the Communist Youth International being created - KIM. This time the conversation was not only about the political aspects of the planned action, but about purely technical issues, in particular conspiracy. After all, the Komsomol envoy had to illegally reach Europe through a ring of fronts civil war and external counter-revolution in the country. At the end of the conversation, V.I. Lenin personally wrote a document certifying that “Comrade. Shatskin is traveling on a party errand and his belongings are not subject to any inspection or search. I ask all Soviet authorities to assist him. V.I.Lenin."
The young envoy coped brilliantly with the party assignment. His initiative, intelligence and determination greatly contributed to the creation of KIM - international organization young communists, which operated for almost a quarter of a century.
In 1925, the Komsomol accompanied Lazar to study at the Institute of Red Professors. In 1928-1929 Shatskin is a member of the editorial board of the newspaper Pravda. On July 18, 1929, Lazar published an article in Pravda, “Down with Party Communism.” In it, he criticized the party bureaucrats and their soulless, arrogant attitude towards people. Stalin really did not like the article. At his command, articles condemning Shatskin appeared in the central press. The Central Committee of the Komsomol even adopted a resolution “On the gross mistakes of comrade. Shatskina."
Lazar Shatskin spoke on a number of important issues together with the secretary of the Transcaucasian regional committee of the party, Lominadze. They actively supported the candidate member of the Politburo, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Russian Federation Sergei Syrtsov, who attempted to remove Stalin. The attempt was unsuccessful. On November 4, 1930, a joint meeting of the Politburo and the Central Control Commission (CCC) took place, at which G. Ordzhonikidze made a report. The question “On factional work” was discussed. Syrtsova, Lominadze, Shatskina and others.” Shatskin was expelled from the Central Control Commission - the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and the editorial boards of Pravda and Komsomolskaya Pravda. In 1931 he worked at the Central Union. The following year he was sent to Tashkent as deputy chairman of the Central Asian Bureau of the State Planning Committee. Then he was director of the Institute of Economic Research of the USSR State Planning Committee.
On January 10, 1935, Lazar Shatskin was arrested, imprisoned for two years, and executed in 1937. He was then only 35 years old. In March 1963 he was rehabilitated.

* * *
Oscar Ryvkin was also one of the founders of the Russian Communist Youth Union (RCYU). He was born in 1899 into a Jewish family of an employee in St. Petersburg. He worked as an apprentice in a printing house, then in a pharmacy. In March 1917 he joined the Bolshevik Party. He was the commander of the combat detachment he created during the October Revolution. In December 1917-April 1918 he took part in battles with counter-revolutionary units near Petrograd. He actively supported the idea of ​​​​creating a communist youth union and participated in the preparation and holding of the first Komsomol congress, and was elected first secretary of the Central Committee of the RKSM. Until 1924 he worked in the Komsomol and was a member of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the RKSM. Since 1924 at party work. In 1927-1934. member of the Central Control Commission of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. Since 1934 - Secretary of the Krasnodar City Party Committee.
Arrested in 1937. Sentenced to death. Posthumously rehabilitated.

* * *
Efim Viktorovich Tsetlin was born in 1898. Active participant in the October Revolution in Petrograd. He put a lot of effort and energy into preparing the First Komsomol Congress. He was elected secretary of the Central Committee of the RKSM.
In 1920 - Secretary of the Central Committee of the RKSM and the Moscow Komsomol Committee. In 1922 he was elected a member of the executive committee of the Communist Youth International. Sent to conduct Bolshevik agitation in Germany. However, it did not take long to agitate. He was arrested and sent back to the USSR. In 1925-1926 at party work in Leningrad, then worked in the executive committee of the Comintern, in the editorial office of Pravda, and headed Bukharin’s secretariat. In 1930 he went to work at the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry and at the same time was Bukharin's secretary.
Efim Tsetlin was on friendly terms with Alexander Slepkov, who in 1925 became the first editor of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, which was then published. Then Slepkov worked in the party apparatus. Opposed Stalin's line. The Slepkov case arose, in which Efim Tsetlin was also involved. In February 1933, he was arrested by the OGPU and placed in the Vladimir Central. Bukharin stood up for Efim and made a request to Stalin. Tsetlin is removed from the stage and returned to Moscow. However, his relationship with Bukharin still went wrong. They disagree on many issues.
Efim leaves for Sverdlovsk. Here he worked at Uralmash, head of the technical information bureau. In 1936, Efim Tsetlin was arrested. In 1937 he was convicted and executed.

Third salary in the country

But those days are gone.

And our conversation - on the eve of Viktor Maksimovich’s 70th birthday (he celebrates it on May 14) - takes place, as they say, informally, “without pomp.” Two cups of coffee in a modest office at MK, telephone calls and thunderous shouts over the editorial radio: “Politics department, urgently for layout! You have a tail (the amount of text that needs to be reduced. - Auth.)!».

I can’t rid myself, if not of trepidation, then of excitement - Mishin himself is in front of me. Legend of the Komsomol. Leader. Fourteenth first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee. Although we have known each other for a long time, as they say, the “levels” were different: when Viktor Maksimovich led the Komsomol, I was the “first” of the Gorky regional committee of the Komsomol (Gorky is now Nizhny Novgorod).

Who would Mishin be if perestroika had not happened? Now you are 70, by the standards of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee - a child’s age...

If perestroika had not happened, Mishin would not have been a great leader.

- Why?

I don’t know... Maybe because the brightest, most important things in my life probably happened in the Komsomol. As a matter of fact, it offends me when some people say: “Komsomol mafia.” If the “Komsomol mafia” is an honest and friendly family, then yes - we were just such a family. There was no greater solidarity than in the Komsomol - I say this as a person who worked for many days in trade unions, in the Central Committee of the CPSU, and in the party apparatus. Our relations in the Komsomol arose not according to the principle of “profitable - not profitable,” but according to the principle of “like it or not.” The only way! We were guided more by emotions than by any rational things.

- Do you regret that the country has turned around like this?

In general, no, I don’t regret it. Although Chinese model, I won’t lie, it’s closer to me, and it’s more effective. But to be honest, I - both from the point of view of material and from the point of view of internal freedom - now live an order of magnitude better than under Soviet rule. Although at that time I received the third or fourth salary in the country.

- How much is this?

As the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee, I received 750 rubles. The General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee received 850 rubles, and the Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers received the same amount. Deputy chairmen and ministers of the first category received the same amount as me. It was a big salary.

Egor Kuzmich hung up

You are too much of a personality to be smooth, predictable, and conflict-free. When was it really difficult for Mishin?

Not everyone remembers this surname now - Ligachev. And Yegor Kuzmich was the second person in the party after the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Gorbachev. And it was with Ligachev that my relationship did not work out. Perhaps the reason for this was his reaction to the resolution of the Bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee on awarding Lenin Komsomol prizes at the end of October 1984.

On the day the list of awardees is published, call via ATS-1. Yegor Kuzmich called. And immediately in a raised tone: the Komsomol does not understand the importance of classical art and folk art. I objected: they say, this is not entirely true, the bureau of the Komsomol Central Committee awarded prizes to Nadezhda Babkina, the ensemble of spoon players and other folk groups. But Yegor Kuzmich sharply expressed displeasure that the prize was awarded to Valery Leontyev... He interrupted me: “Get ready for a serious conversation in the CPSU Central Committee.” I will not talk about the epithets expressed about the popular singer. Then I uttered a phrase that I still remember: “Dear Yegor Kuzmich, if the CPSU Central Committee considers the collegial decision of the Komsomol Central Committee Bureau to award the prize to Valery Leontyev erroneous, I am ready to bear personal responsibility...”. After my statement, Yegor Kuzmich hung up.

- Did you find at least three general secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee alone?

The wrong word is "caught". I worked with them. Including the “five-year period of magnificent funerals”, when Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko died, and then Gorbachev came. Would you like me to tell you how the XII World Festival of Youth and Students was born in Moscow?

I'm especially proud of him. The Olympic Bear is often remembered - yes, the Moscow Olympics in 1980 were wonderful, but we also achieved very powerful representation - delegations from 146 countries came to the festival. I will say more: we did not want to hold the festival - it was assumed that the French communist youth movement would take the initiative, that the festival would be in France - with our support, of course. Suddenly at the last moment - bam! - The French are “raking” back. I go to Andropov, he was then the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee: “Yuri Vladimirovich, so and so, friends from the French communist youth movement are rolling back. If the festival movement is useful for the implementation of the foreign policy of the Soviet Union, then the festival should be held in Moscow.” Andropov thought: “This is the easiest solution. Ask Ponomarev to talk to Kadar (Janos Kadar - General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party. - Auth.). I called the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Ponomarev: “Boris Nikolaevich, we want to consult with you on behalf of Yuri Vladimirovich. He: “Come.” I go to him, he calls Kadar in front of me, he spoke Russian well, I hear him answer Ponomarev: “You know, I must consult with my comrades from the Politburo, weigh all the pros and cons.” I immediately called Csaba Hamori (first secretary of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Komsomol - Auth.), he is a member of the Politburo at that time, he knows the situation: “Viktor, I am 100 percent sure that Kadar will refuse. The economic situation in the country, despite your help, is extremely difficult.” I go to Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko, talk about the history of the festival - time is running out, I say: either yes, that is, hold it in Moscow, or no. I leave a note to the CPSU Central Committee. He promptly describes it by department, and in short, that’s how it started.

We can be proud of much that has been done in the Komsomol. You can’t tell everything in one interview, but it’s impossible not to remember BAM. I am proud that I took a direct part in the formation of the first detachment of volunteers named after the XVII Komsomol Congress! More than once I flew in a helicopter throughout the BAM, and rode on the first train when through traffic opened on the highway - even before the completion of the Severomuysky tunnel. Today BAM works at full power, exceeding the design, and the value of the highway is increasing every day!

- About Mikhail Gorbachev - what does he mean in your biography? You left the Komsomol with him, right?

This is a difficult question for me, and not only for me. At first I thought that a progressive leader had come, but that’s how we perceived him - ours, a Komsomol member, almost one of the collective farmers, with an ineradicable South Russian dialect... In fact, when you talk to him, it feels like there is glass between us. You see him, hear him, but it’s like he’s behind glass.

Once he received me, we were talking about current problems, and he suddenly - I still can’t forget this phrase: “Yes, the topic is important, so Raisa Maksimovna has repeatedly emphasized that we need to work more actively with student youth.” At first I couldn’t figure out who he was quoting? I know Ushinsky, I know Makarenko, and, after all, I know Krupskaya. Who is Raisa Maksimovna? Only later did I understand, I’m not joking.

Yes, he is an unhappy person, he feels sorry for Raisa Maksimovna. Only Raisa Maksimovna. Isn’t it a pity that you ruined the country, how many people died, how many friends? Nikolai Efimovich Kruchina (manager of the affairs of the CPSU Central Committee, committed suicide on August 26, 1991. - Auth.) passed away solely, in my deep conviction, because of his betrayal. I couldn't bear it.

The protest has slipped somewhere

- Do you like the way he lives? modern Russia, its socio-political realities?

I’ll tell you this, Sergei, you’re still a little younger. Every morning I inoculate myself with not giving a damn, to put it mildly, in order to withstand these, as you said, Russian realities.

Look at the same rallies on Bolotnaya and Sakharov. I think it was a natural protest, people didn’t come for money - they were fed up. And the authorities caught this protest: some movements began - both in parties and in elections. But now, due to I don’t know what circumstances - either the Kremlin somehow cunningly began to work with the “non-systemic” opposition, or some kind of “tackling” took place, but the situation has changed. The protest slipped somewhere.

- This year the Komsomol turns 95 years old. Does everyone know that, as always, the main work of preparation is yours?

Let me explain: we - I mean the three co-chairs of the organizing committee, Tyazhelnikov, Pastukhov and Mishin - are also growing up along with the Komsomol. Objectively, seventy-year-olds and those younger are the most capable stratum. But we are preparing together, of course, for October 29 - no matter how difficult it is now. Do you remember what powerful forces put on Komsomol concerts in our time? Now who can you count on? To hold a concert at the State Kremlin Palace, you need five million - in rubles, of course. In general, the 95th anniversary is a reason to talk not only about anniversary events - the Kremlin should finally start creating a unified all-Russian youth organization! We had such a proposal.

- As far as I know, Komsomol veterans led by you have more than once addressed letters to Vladimir Putin?

Yes. And he seemed to say: yes, we need an organization - a powerful, youth organization. We are ready to help with advice and deeds. But for now there is silence. But what they Seliger are doing is complete nonsense, and the so-called personnel reserves are essentially profanity. Why was Komsomol great? Because it was a natural training school.

- Did the former first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee communicate with President Putin personally?

No. Never communicated.

- Last question. Do you consider yourself a happy person?

Certainly. He grew up in a working-class family, walked up the serious ladder of life without “shaggy paws”, and was not the last person in the Komsomol. The family believes that I am a “first generation intellectual” - I am the first of the Mishins to receive higher education. My mother and father are from the Don, from the village of Olkhovets. My father is a hard worker and remained alive after the war, although he fought as the commander of a machine gun squad. Mom is a housewife, she had three of us: two tomboys and a daughter. They lived a difficult life, like many did back then. One of the strong impressions: my older sister Valentina joined the Komsomol in the 7th grade, but there was no money for a photograph - and she cut out her photo from the school collective card to take to the district committee. And mom! I learned to read and write on my own, not at school. But she was terribly proud that she gave us a higher education.

- What does your wife do?

Galina Vladimirovna worked at MISS, as an assistant professor, and recently retired. Son - Maxim, born in 74th year. Works at Crocus-Expo as deputy head of the department, graduated from two institutes. He has his own Viktor Maksimovich Mishin - my grandson and full namesake. There are also grandchildren - Daria and Timofey.

- To be honest, your irrepressible energy has always amazed us!

Seryozha, I’ll give all my friends a simple recipe, I stick to it - I go to the pool three times a week, I’ve been riding a horse for forty-six years, I do equestrian physical training - every Sunday when I’m in Moscow, at fifteen minutes to nine I’m at Planernaya. The horse is a massage of a man’s “second heart,” as is known. And it’s very psychologically unburdening. Well, it’s a bathhouse, of course - with friends, one team, we’ve been going to the Olimpiyskiy for twenty-five years. We need to move, guys, we need to move.

- Happy birthday, Viktor Maksimovich!

The interview used materials from Viktor Mishin’s just published book “Where the Motherland Begins” and the book “Salute, Festival!”

FROM THE MK DOSSIER

Mishin Viktor Maksimovich. Born on May 14, 1943 in Moscow. He graduated from an industrial technical school and worked as a foreman at a reinforced concrete products factory. Graduated from MISS with a degree in civil engineering. There he also worked as a senior engineer in the research sector.

From 1968 to 1971 - Second Secretary of the Moskvoretsky District Committee of the Komsomol, First Secretary of the Soviet District Committee of the Komsomol of Moscow. From 1971 to 1976 - Secretary of the Moscow City Committee of the Komsomol (MGK), head. Department of Working Youth of the Komsomol Central Committee. From 1976 to 1979 - First Secretary of the Komsomol Moscow City Committee. From 1978 to 1982 - Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee. From December 1982 to June 1986 - First Secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee.

After leaving the Komsomol, Viktor Mishin: Secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (1986–1991), 1st deputy. Managing Director of the CPSU Central Committee (January-August 1991), deputy. General Director of the Ecoprom consortium (1991–1994), CEO enterprise "Olympic Lottery" (1994-1995), vice-president of the International Fund "Reform" (1995-1996). Since 1996 - Chairman of the Board of the commercial bank Crocus Bank.

(1902-1937), executed

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