Enter the correct name of the accounting provision. Accounting Regulations (PBU)

Accounting in Russian companies is subject to strict regulation of legally approved provisions. The abbreviation PBU has become familiar to any accountant, and the content of these documents is a determining factor in the implementation of competent accounting in almost all areas of application. RAS, prescribed in the provisions, regulate the procedure for maintaining records of assets (current and non-current), liabilities, funds, transactions/events in the main or auxiliary activities of each domestic enterprise.

PBUs are approved by the Ministry of Finance, and the legislative nature of these regulatory documents requires strict and detailed implementation of the methods and recommendations presented in them. Accounting regulations relevant for financiers in 2017 include 24 documents. Let's get acquainted with the most common of them.

PBU for accounting: application in accounting for inventories, fixed assets, intangible assets

Each enterprise, when determining methods for developing accounting policies and maintaining records, inventories, depreciation of non-current assets and operating results of the formation, relies on the recommendations presented in PBU 1/2008 “Accounting Policies”.

Accounting for material assets is extensive and varied. Therefore, legislators have approved several accounting provisions that regulate various aspects of a company’s life. For example, PBU 5/01 “Accounting for Inventory and Inventory” establishes general rules for recording information about inventories - materials, raw materials, finished products or goods. The various specifics of the activities of enterprises, in particular those working with assets whose value is expressed in foreign currency, requires the use of a special accounting methodology recommended in PBU No. 3/2006.

Features of accounting, depreciation, mothballing or liquidation of real estate and property whose useful life exceeds a year are interpreted by PBU 6/01 for accounting of fixed assets. Recently, the most important component in a company’s successful image are factors such as business reputation, technology secrets (know-how), trademarks or unique software products, i.e. intangible assets. Accounting for intangible assets is determined by PBU No. 14/2007.

Accounting for expenses, calculations and obligations in PBU

For construction organizations specializing in contracting activities, PBU 2/2008 on maintaining and recording construction contracts is relevant. The procedure for accounting for financial investments in Russian organizations is established by PBU 19/02, and the correct distribution of expenses for received loans and borrowings is established by PBU 15/2008.

Companies receiving and using government assistance rely on Accounting Regulation 13/2000 “Accounting for State Assistance,” which determines the correct formation of receipts and expenditures of budget funds.

The correct attribution of expenses for research, technological and design activities of an enterprise is considered by PBU 17/02, and the specifics of income tax calculations are considered by PBU 18/02.

The generation of income and expenses of companies is regulated by PBUs 9/99 and 10/99, which standardize algorithms for business operations.

PBU in the preparation of financial statements

Enterprise reporting is prepared in accordance with PBU 4/99, which establishes the structure, content and methodology of formation. Along with the general requirements for reporting, PBU 23/2011 was legislatively adopted, explaining the rules for drawing up an appendix to the balance sheet - a cash flow statement.

All accounting standards for 2017 year supplement the provisions governing the actions of an accountant in various non-standard situations. For example, PBU 22/2010 establishes rules for correcting erroneous entries in accounting, and PBU 7/98 defines an algorithm for actions when an important fact of economic activity for the company arises after the reporting date.

It should be noted that legislators are currently developing draft new federal standards for accounting for fixed assets, intangible assets, inventories and debt instruments.

On January 1, 1999, in pursuance of the Program for reforming accounting in Russia in accordance with international financial reporting standards, the Regulations on Accounting and Financial Reporting, which consists of six sections, were put into effect.

Section 1. General provisions

The procedure for organizing and maintaining accounting records, drawing up and submitting financial statements by legal entities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, and the relationship of the organization with external consumers of accounting information are determined; the concept of accounting is considered; the objects and main tasks of accounting are named; the procedure for regulating accounting by legislative, regulatory and legal acts is determined, the persons responsible for their implementation are indicated, the purpose and content of the organization’s accounting policy is established.

Depending on the volume of accounting work, the manager can:

• establish an accounting service as a structural unit headed by a chief accountant;
• add an accountant position to the staff:
• transfer on a contractual basis the maintenance of accounting to a centralized accounting department, or a specialized organization, or a specialist accountant;
• personally maintain accounting records.

Section 2. Basic rules of accounting

The section sets out the requirements for accounting; rules for documenting business transactions have been established; the purpose and procedure for the formation of accounting registers have been determined; methods for assessing property and liabilities, the purpose and procedure for conducting an inventory of property and liabilities, and accounting rules for discrepancies between actual and accounting data identified during the inventory are indicated.

Section 3. Basic rules for the preparation and presentation of financial statements

It consists of two subsections: the first sets out the basic requirements for content, forms, and order of compilation. signatures, changes in financial statements. All organizations prepare financial statements for the month, quarter and year on an accrual basis from the beginning of the reporting year according to established forms (the composition of the financial statements of budgetary organizations is determined by the Ministry of Finance of Russia); in the second, the rules for evaluating financial reporting items are established: unfinished capital investments; financial investments; fixed assets; intangible assets: raw materials, materials, finished products and goods; work in progress and deferred expenses; capital and reserves; settlements with debtors and creditors; profit (loss) of the organization.

Section 4. Procedure for submitting financial statements

For all organizations (except for budgetary ones), the directions, forms, and deadlines for submitting annual financial statements are determined; it is indicated that the said reporting is open to interested users: banks, investors, creditors, buyers, suppliers, and other entities; the procedure for publishing financial statements in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation has been determined.

Section 5. Basic rules for consolidated financial statements

According to these rules:

• if the organization has subsidiaries and dependent companies, in addition to its own financial statements, consolidated financial statements are also compiled, including indicators of the reports of such companies located on the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad, in the manner established by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation;
• the persons signing the consolidated financial statements are indicated - the manager and the chief accountant, whose responsibility is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Section 6. Storage of accounting documents

Organizations must comply with the following rules when storing documents:

• storage periods for primary accounting documents, accounting registers, financial statements are established in accordance with the rules for organizing state archival affairs (at least 5 years);
• the seizure of primary documents is carried out only by the bodies of inquiry, preliminary investigation, prosecutor's office, courts, tax police, inspection;
• The head of the organization is responsible for organizing the storage of documents.

The chief accountant or other official of the organization has the right, with the permission and in the presence of representatives of the authorities conducting the seizure of documents, to make copies of them indicating the reason and date of seizure.

To date, the following accounting provisions have been developed, approved and are in force.

The Regulations discussed above are based on legislative and regulatory acts that regulate the organization of accounting in Russia and take into account some international financial reporting standards, bringing Russian accounting closer to them.

Accounting Regulations (PBU) are the accounting standards of the Russian Federation. They regulate the procedure for maintaining accounting records of certain assets, as well as events (liabilities) of economic activity.

That is, in 2017, for correct accounting, it is necessary to take into account the provisions of the PBU that are in force for this period. In this material, the reader will find all accounting regulations for 2017, and will also learn about planned changes in this area.

List of PBUs for 2017

Accounting regulations are the regulatory framework governing accounting procedures. In 2017, various organizations should consider accounting principles.

Thus, from the general list of accounting regulations, it is necessary to determine the accounting regulations necessary for a particular organization. For convenience, we provide a table with a list of current PBUs for 2017.

List of PBUs for 2017: table

Changes in the Accounting Regulations in 2017

The nearest plans of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation are to make changes to the existing PBUs. The list of accounting standards that are subject to adjustment was approved by the Ministry of Finance as part of the program for developing federal accounting standards for 2016-2018.

Let us remind you that the program was approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance dated May 23, 2016 No. 70n. You can learn more about changes to PBU, as well as the development of new Accounting Regulations, by visiting the official website of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.

In particular, changes are planned to the PBU regarding simplified accounting. Thus, several BSPs can be changed at once. For 2018, the Ministry of Finance planned to make changes to PBU 1/2008 “Accounting Policies of the Organization.”

Unfinished capital investments

41. Unfinished capital investments include costs for construction and installation work, acquisition of buildings, equipment, vehicles, tools, inventory, other durable material objects not formalized by acceptance certificates and other documents, other capital works and costs (design - survey, geological exploration and drilling work, costs of land acquisition and resettlement in connection with construction, training of personnel for newly constructed organizations, and others).

42. Incomplete capital investments are reflected in the balance sheet at the actual costs incurred by the organization.

Financial investments

43. Financial investments include investments by an organization in government securities, bonds and other securities of other organizations, in the authorized (share) capital of other organizations, as well as loans provided to other organizations.

44. Financial investments are taken into account in the amount of actual costs for the investor. For debt securities, the difference between the amount of actual acquisition costs and the nominal value during their circulation period is allowed to be attributed evenly as the income due on them is accrued to the financial results of a commercial organization or an increase in expenses of a non-profit organization.

Organizations acting as professional participants in the securities market may revaluate investments in securities purchased for the purpose of generating income from their sale as quotes on the stock exchange change.

Objects of financial investments (except for loans) that have not been paid in full are shown on the asset side of the balance sheet in the full amount of the actual costs of their acquisition under the agreement with the assignment of the outstanding amount to creditors in the liability side of the balance sheet in cases where the rights to the object have been transferred to the investor. In other cases, amounts contributed to the account of financial investment objects subject to acquisition are shown in the asset balance sheet under the item debtors.

45. An organization’s investments in shares of other organizations listed on the stock exchange, the quotation of which is regularly published, are reflected at the end of the reporting year at market value when preparing the balance sheet.

Fixed assets

46. ​​To fixed assets as a set of material assets used as means of labor in the production of products, performance of work or provision of services, or for the management of an organization for a period exceeding 12 months, or the normal operating cycle, if it exceeds 12 months, include buildings, structures, working and power machines and equipment, measuring and control instruments and devices, computer technology, vehicles, tools, production and household equipment and supplies, working and productive livestock, perennial plantings, on-farm roads and other fixed assets.

Fixed assets also include capital investments in radical land improvement (drainage, irrigation and other reclamation works) and in leased fixed assets.

Capital investments in perennial plantings and radical land improvement are included in fixed assets annually in the amount of costs related to the areas accepted for operation in the reporting year, regardless of the completion date of the entire complex of works.

Fixed assets include land plots owned by the organization and environmental management facilities (water, subsoil and other natural resources).

47. Completed capital investments in leased fixed assets are credited by the lessee organization to its own fixed assets in the amount of actual costs incurred, unless otherwise provided by the lease agreement.

48. The cost of the organization's fixed assets is repaid by calculating depreciation over their useful life.

Depreciation of fixed assets is calculated regardless of the results of the organization’s economic activities in the reporting period in one of the following ways:

linear method;

method of writing off the cost in proportion to the volume of products (works, services);

reducing balance method;

a method of writing off cost based on the sum of the numbers of years of useful life.

Fixed assets of non-profit organizations are not subject to depreciation.

The cost of land plots and environmental management facilities is not repaid.

49. Fixed assets are reflected in the balance sheet at their residual value, i.e. at the actual costs of their acquisition, construction and manufacture minus the amount of accrued depreciation.

Changes in the initial cost of fixed assets in cases of completion, additional equipment, reconstruction and partial liquidation, revaluation of relevant objects are disclosed in the appendices to the balance sheet. A commercial organization has the right, no more than once a year (at the end of the reporting year), to revaluate fixed assets at replacement cost by indexation or direct recalculation at documented market prices with attribution of any resulting differences to the organization’s additional capital, unless otherwise established by regulatory legal acts in accounting.

50 - 53. Lost power.

54. Material assets remaining from the write-off of fixed assets unsuitable for restoration and further use are accounted for at market value on the date of write-off.

Intangible assets

55. Intangible assets used in economic activity for a period exceeding 12 months and generating income include rights arising:

from copyright and other agreements for works of science, literature, art and objects of related rights, for computer programs, databases, etc.;

from patents for inventions, industrial designs, selection achievements, from certificates for utility models, trademarks and service marks or licensing agreements for their use;

from rights to “know-how”, etc.

In addition, intangible assets include the business reputation of the organization.

56. The cost of intangible assets is repaid by calculating depreciation over the established period of their useful life.

For objects for which the cost is repaid, depreciation charges are determined in one of the following ways:

linear method based on standards calculated by the organization based on their useful life;

method of writing off cost in proportion to the volume of products (works, services).

Depreciation is not accrued for intangible assets of non-profit organizations.

Amortization of intangible assets is calculated regardless of the organization's performance in the reporting period.

The acquired business reputation of the organization must be adjusted within twenty years (but not longer than the life of the organization).

Depreciation charges for the positive business reputation of an organization are reflected in accounting by reducing its initial cost. The negative business reputation of the organization is written off in full to the financial results of the organization as other income.

57. Intangible assets are reflected in the balance sheet at their residual value, i.e. at the actual costs of acquisition, production and costs of bringing them to a state in which they are suitable for use for the intended purposes, minus accrued depreciation.

Raw materials, materials, finished products and goods

58. Raw materials, main and auxiliary materials, fuel, purchased semi-finished products and components, spare parts, containers used for packaging and transportation of products (goods), and other material resources are reflected in the balance sheet at their actual cost.

The actual cost of material resources is determined based on the actual costs incurred for their acquisition and production.

Determining the actual cost of material resources written off for production is permitted using one of the following inventory valuation methods:

at the cost of a unit of inventory;

at average cost;

at the cost of the first acquisitions (FIFO);

59. Finished products are reflected in the balance sheet at actual or standard (planned) production costs, including costs associated with the use of fixed assets, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, labor resources, and other costs for production of products or direct cost items.

60. Goods in organizations engaged in trading activities are reflected in the balance sheet at the cost of their acquisition.

When selling (dispensing) goods, their value may be written off using the valuation methods set out in paragraph 58 of these Regulations.

When an organization engaged in retail trade accounts for goods at sales prices, the difference between the acquisition cost and the cost at sales prices (discounts, markups) is reflected in the financial statements as a value that adjusts the cost of goods.

61. Goods shipped, work delivered and services provided, for which revenue is not recognized, are reflected in the balance sheet at the actual (or standard (planned)) full cost, which includes, along with production cost, costs associated with the sale (sale) of products, work, services reimbursed by a negotiated (contract) price.

62. The values ​​provided for in paragraphs 58 - 60 of these Regulations, for which the price has decreased during the reporting year or which have become obsolete or partially lost their original quality, are reflected in the balance sheet at the end of the reporting year at the price of possible sale, if it is lower than the original cost of procurement (acquisitions), with the difference in prices attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization or an increase in expenses for a non-profit organization.

Work in progress and deferred expenses

63. Products (works) that have not passed all stages (phases, redistributions) provided for by the technological process, as well as incomplete products that have not passed testing and technical acceptance, are classified as work in progress.

64. Work in progress in mass and serial production can be reflected in the balance sheet:

according to actual or standard (planned) production cost;

by direct cost items;

at the cost of raw materials, materials and semi-finished products.

With a single production of products, work in progress is reflected in the balance sheet at the actual costs incurred.

65. Costs incurred by the organization in the reporting period, but relating to the following reporting periods, are reflected in the balance sheet in accordance with the conditions for recognition of assets established by regulatory legal acts on accounting, and are subject to write-off in the manner established for writing off the value of assets of this type.

Capital and reserves

66. The organization’s own capital takes into account the authorized (share), additional and reserve capital, retained earnings and other reserves.

67. The balance sheet reflects the amount of authorized (share) capital registered in the constituent documents as a set of contributions (shares, shares, shares) of the founders (participants) of the organization.

The authorized (share) capital and the actual debt of the founders (participants) for contributions (contributions) to the authorized (share) capital are reflected separately in the balance sheet.

State and municipal unitary enterprises, instead of authorized (share) capital, take into account the authorized capital formed in the prescribed manner.

68. The amount of additional valuation of non-current assets carried out in the prescribed manner, the amount received in excess of the par value of outstanding shares (share premium of a joint stock company), and other similar amounts are accounted for as additional capital and are reflected separately in the balance sheet.

69. The reserve fund created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation to cover the losses of the organization, as well as to repay the organization’s bonds and repurchase its own shares is reflected separately in the balance sheet.

70. The organization creates reserves for doubtful debts in the event that accounts receivable are recognized as doubtful, with the amounts of the reserves attributed to the financial results of the organization.

An organization's receivables are considered doubtful if they are not repaid or with a high degree of probability will not be repaid within the time limits established by the agreement and are not secured by appropriate guarantees.

The amount of the reserve is determined separately for each doubtful debt, depending on the financial condition (solvency) of the debtor and the assessment of the likelihood of repaying the debt in whole or in part.

If by the end of the reporting year following the year in which the reserve for doubtful debts was created, this reserve is not used in any part, then the unspent amounts are added to the financial results when drawing up the balance sheet at the end of the reporting year.

71. Excluded.

72. Lost power.

Settlements with debtors and creditors

73. Settlements with debtors and creditors are reflected by each party in its financial statements in the amounts arising from the accounting records and recognized by it as correct. For loans and credits received, the debt is shown taking into account the interest due at the end of the reporting period.

74. The amounts reflected in the financial statements for settlements with banks and the budget must be agreed upon with the relevant organizations and identical. Leaving unresolved amounts for these settlements on the balance sheet is not permitted.

75. Balances of foreign currency funds on the organization’s foreign currency accounts, other funds (including monetary documents), short-term securities, receivables and payables in foreign currencies are reflected in the financial statements in rubles in amounts determined by converting foreign currencies at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation effective as of the reporting date.

76. Fines, penalties and penalties recognized by the debtor or for which court decisions on their collection have been received are attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization or an increase in income (reduction of expenses) of a non-profit organization and, before their receipt or payment, are reflected in the balance sheet of the recipient and the payer according to the items of debtors or creditors.

77. Accounts receivable for which the statute of limitations has expired and other debts that are unrealistic for collection are written off for each obligation based on the inventory data, written justification and order (instruction) of the head of the organization and are charged accordingly to the reserve for doubtful debts or to financial results from a commercial organization, if in the period preceding the reporting period, the amounts of these debts were not reserved in the manner prescribed by paragraph 70 of these Regulations, or to increase expenses from a non-profit organization.

Writing off a debt at a loss due to the debtor's insolvency does not constitute cancellation of the debt. This debt must be reflected on the balance sheet for five years from the date of write-off in order to monitor the possibility of its collection in the event of a change in the debtor's property status.

78. Amounts of accounts payable and depositors for which the statute of limitations has expired are written off for each obligation based on the inventory data, written justification and order (instruction) of the head of the organization and are attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization or an increase in income of a non-profit organization.

Profit (loss) of the organization

79. Accounting profit (loss) is the final financial result (profit or loss) identified for the reporting period on the basis of accounting of all business transactions of the organization and assessment of balance sheet items according to the rules adopted by regulatory legal acts on accounting.

80. Profit or loss identified in the reporting year, but relating to operations of previous years, are included in the financial results of the organization for the reporting year.

81. Lost power.

82. In the case of the sale and other disposal of the organization’s property (fixed assets, inventories, securities, etc.), the loss or income from these transactions is attributed to the financial results of a commercial organization or an increase in expenses (income) of a non-profit organization.

83. In the balance sheet, the financial result of the reporting period is reflected as retained earnings (uncovered loss), i.e. the final financial result identified for the reporting period, minus taxes and other similar mandatory payments due from profits established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, including sanctions for non-compliance with tax rules.

MINISTRY OF FINANCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

ORDER

On approval of accounting regulations

Document with changes made:
(Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive authorities, No. 16, 04/20/2009);
(Rossiyskaya Gazeta, N 271, 12/01/2010) (came into force on January 1, 2011);
(Bulletin of regulatory acts of federal executive authorities, N 50, 12/13/2010) (came into force starting from the annual financial statements for 2010);
(Rossiyskaya Gazeta, N 147, 06/29/2012) (came into force starting from the annual financial statements for 2012);
(Rossiyskaya Gazeta, N 40, 02/25/2013);
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 05/06/2015, N 0001201505060015);
(Official Internet portal of legal information www.pravo.gov.ru, 07.26.2017, N 0001201707260012).
____________________________________________________________________

In order to improve legal regulation in the field of accounting and financial reporting and in accordance with the Regulations on the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 30, 2004 N 329 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, N 31, Art. 3258; N 49, art. 4908; 2005, N 23, art. 2270; N 52, art. 5755; 2006, N 32, art. 3569; N 47, art. 4900; 2007, N 23, art. 2801; N 45, Art. 5491; 2008, N 5, Art. 411),

I order:

1. Approve:

a) Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of the Organization” (PBU 1/2008) in accordance with Appendix No. 1;

b) Accounting Regulations “Changes in Estimated Values” (PBU 21/2008) in accordance with Appendix No. 2.

2. Recognize as invalid the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated December 9, 1998 N 60n “On approval of the Accounting Regulations “Accounting Policy of the Organization” PBU 1/98” (registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on December 31, 1998, registration N 1673; Bulletin of normative acts of federal executive authorities, 1999, No. 2; Rossiyskaya Gazeta, No. 10, January 20, 1999).

Vice-chairman
Government of the Russian
Federation - Minister of Finance
Russian Federation
A.L.Kudrin

Registered
at the Ministry of Justice
Russian Federation
October 27, 2008,
registration N 12522

Appendix No. 1. Accounting Regulations "Accounting Policy of the Organization" (PBU 1/2008)

Appendix No. 1
to the order of the Ministry
finance of the Russian Federation
dated October 6, 2008 N 106n

I. General provisions

1. These Regulations establish the rules for the formation (selection or development) and disclosure of the accounting policies of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation (with the exception of credit institutions and public sector organizations) (hereinafter referred to as organizations).
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on January 1, 2011 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 25, 2010 N 132n; as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

Branches and representative offices of foreign organizations located on the territory of the Russian Federation may formulate accounting policies in accordance with these Regulations or based on the rules established in the country of location of the foreign organization, if the latter do not contradict International Financial Reporting Standards.

2. For the purposes of these Regulations, the accounting policy of an organization is understood as the set of accounting methods adopted by it - primary observation, cost measurement, current grouping and final generalization of the facts of economic activity.

Accounting methods include methods of grouping and assessing facts of economic activity, repaying the value of assets, organizing document flow, inventory, using accounting accounts, organizing accounting registers, and processing information.

3. This Regulation applies to:

regarding the formation of accounting policies - for all organizations;

in terms of disclosure of accounting policies - to organizations that publish their financial statements in whole or in part in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, constituent documents or on their own initiative.

II. Formation of accounting policies

4. The accounting policy of the organization is formed by the chief accountant or another person who, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, is entrusted with maintaining the accounting records of the organization, on the basis of these Regulations and is approved by the head of the organization.

In this case it is affirmed:

a working chart of accounts containing synthetic and analytical accounts necessary for maintaining accounting records in accordance with the requirements of timeliness and completeness of accounting and reporting;

forms of primary accounting documents, accounting registers, as well as documents for internal accounting reporting;

the procedure for conducting an inventory of the organization’s assets and liabilities;

methods for assessing assets and liabilities;

document flow rules and accounting information processing technology;

the procedure for monitoring business operations;

other solutions necessary for organizing accounting.

5. When developing accounting policies, it is assumed that:

the assets and liabilities of an organization exist separately from the assets and liabilities of the owners of this organization and the assets and liabilities of other organizations (assuming property separation);

the organization will continue its activities for the foreseeable future and it has no intention or need to liquidate or significantly reduce its activities and, therefore, obligations will be repaid in the prescribed manner (going concern assumption);

the accounting policy adopted by the organization is applied consistently from one reporting year to another (assumption of consistency in the application of accounting policies);

the facts of the organization’s economic activities relate to the reporting period in which they took place, regardless of the actual time of receipt or payment of funds associated with these facts (the assumption of temporary certainty of the facts of economic activity).

5.1. An organization chooses accounting methods regardless of the choice of accounting methods by other organizations. If the parent company approves its accounting standards, which are mandatory for use by its subsidiary, then such subsidiary chooses accounting methods based on these standards.
by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

6. The organization’s accounting policies must ensure:

completeness of reflection in accounting of all facts of economic activity (completeness requirement);

timely reflection of the facts of economic activity in accounting and financial statements (timeliness requirement);

greater willingness to recognize expenses and liabilities in accounting than possible income and assets, avoiding the creation of hidden reserves (requirement of prudence);

reflection in accounting of facts of economic activity based not so much on their legal form, but on their economic content and business conditions (the requirement of priority of content over form);

the identity of analytical accounting data with turnovers and balances on synthetic accounting accounts on the last calendar day of each month (consistency requirement);

rational accounting based on business conditions and the size of the organization, as well as based on the ratio of costs for generating information about a specific accounting object and the usefulness (value) of this information (the requirement of rationality).
by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

6.1. When developing an accounting policy, micro-enterprises and non-profit organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, may provide for accounting using a simple system (without using double entry).
(The clause was additionally included on March 8, 2013 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 18, 2012 N 164n by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 6, 2015 N 57n.

7. Accounting for a specific accounting item is carried out in the manner established by the federal accounting standard. If, for a specific accounting issue, the federal accounting standard allows for several accounting methods, the organization selects one of these methods, guided by paragraphs 5, 5.1 and 6 of these Regulations.

An organization that discloses consolidated financial statements drawn up in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards or financial statements of an organization that does not create a group has the right to be guided by federal accounting standards, taking into account the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards, when forming its accounting policies. In particular, such an organization has the right not to apply the accounting method established by the federal accounting standard when such a method leads to a discrepancy between the organization's accounting policies and the requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards.
by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

7.1. If the federal accounting standards do not establish accounting methods for a specific accounting issue, the organization develops an appropriate method based on the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on accounting, federal and (or) industry standards. In this case, the organization, based on the assumptions and requirements given in paragraphs 5 and 6 of these Regulations, uses the following documents sequentially:

a) international financial reporting standards;

b) provisions of federal and (or) industry accounting standards on similar and (or) related issues;

c) recommendations in the field of accounting.
(Clause 7.1 was additionally included from August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

7.2. An organization that has the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) statements, in the absence of appropriate accounting methods for a specific issue in federal accounting standards, has the right to formulate an accounting policy, guided solely by the requirement of rationality.
(The paragraph was additionally included from August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

7.3. In exceptional cases, when the formation of an accounting policy in accordance with paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to an unreliable representation of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and the flow of its funds in the accounting (financial) statements, the organization has the right to deviate from the rules established by these paragraphs , subject to all of the following conditions:

a) circumstances have been identified that impede the formation of a reliable representation of its financial position, financial results of operations and cash flows in the accounting (financial) statements;

b) an alternative method of accounting is possible, the use of which makes it possible to eliminate these circumstances;

c) the alternative method of accounting does not lead to other circumstances in which the organization’s accounting (financial) statements will give an unreliable picture of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows;

d) information about deviations from the rules established by clauses 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations and the use of an alternative method of accounting is disclosed by the organization in accordance with these Regulations.
(Clause 7.3 was additionally included from August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

7.4. To the extent that the application of the accounting policies formed in accordance with clauses 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to the formation of information, the presence, absence or method of reflection of which in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization does not depend on the economic decisions of the users of these statements (hereinafter referred to as - immaterial information), the organization has the right to choose the method of accounting, guided solely by the requirement of rationality (without applying clauses 7, 7.1 of these Regulations). The organization independently classifies information as non-essential based on both the size and nature of this information.
(The paragraph was additionally included from August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

8. The accounting policy adopted by the organization is subject to registration with the relevant organizational and administrative documentation (orders, instructions, standards, etc.) of the organization.
(Clause as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

9. Accounting methods chosen by the organization when developing accounting policies are applied from the first January of the year following the year of approval of the relevant organizational and administrative document. Moreover, they are applied by all branches, representative offices and other divisions of the organization (including those allocated to a separate balance sheet) regardless of their location.

A newly created organization, an organization resulting from a reorganization, draws up its chosen accounting policy in accordance with these Regulations no later than 90 days from the date of state registration of the legal entity. The accounting policy adopted by the newly created organization is considered to be applied from the date of state registration of the legal entity.

III. Change in accounting policy

10. Changes in the accounting policies of an organization can be made in the following cases:

changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting;

the organization's development of new accounting methods. The use of a new method of accounting involves  improving the quality of information about the accounting object
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

significant changes in business conditions. A significant change in the business conditions of an organization may be associated with reorganization, change in types of activities, etc.

It is not considered a change in accounting policy to approve the method of accounting for facts of economic activity that are essentially different from the facts that occurred previously, or that arose for the first time in the organization’s activities.

11. Changes in accounting policies must be justified and formalized in the manner prescribed by paragraph 8 of these Regulations.

12. Changes in accounting policies are made from the beginning of the reporting year, unless otherwise determined by the reason for such a change.

13. The consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows are assessed in monetary terms. The assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of changes in accounting policies is made on the basis of data verified by the organization as of the date from which the changed method of accounting is applied.

14. The consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) regulatory legal acts on accounting. If the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) a regulatory legal act on accounting do not establish a procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies, then these consequences are reflected in accounting and reporting in the manner established by paragraph 15 of these Regulations.

15. The consequences of changes in accounting policies caused by reasons other than those specified in paragraph 14 of these Regulations, which had or could have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows, are reflected in the financial statements retrospectively, with the exception of cases where the assessment in monetary terms of such consequences in relation to periods preceding the reporting period cannot be made with sufficient reliability.

When retrospectively reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies, we proceed from the assumption that the changed method of accounting was applied from the moment the facts of economic activity of this type arose. Retrospective reflection of the consequences of changes in accounting policies consists of adjusting the opening balance under the item “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” and (or) other balance sheet items as of the earliest date presented in the accounting (financial) statements, as well as the values ​​of related accounting items disclosed for each period presented in the financial statements, as if the new accounting policy had been applied from the moment the facts of economic activity of this type arose.
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

In cases where an assessment in monetary terms of the consequences of a change in accounting policy in relation to periods preceding the reporting period cannot be made with sufficient reliability, the changed method of accounting is applied to the relevant facts of economic activity that occurred after the introduction of the changed method (prospectively).

15.1. Organizations that have the right to use simplified accounting methods, including simplified accounting (financial) reporting, may reflect in their financial statements the consequences of changes in accounting policies that have had or may have a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows. funds, prospectively, except for cases where a different procedure is established by the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) a regulatory legal act on accounting.
(The paragraph was additionally included starting from the annual financial statements for 2010 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 8, 2010 N 144n; as amended, put into effect starting from the annual financial statements for 2012 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 27, 2012 N 55n; as amended , put into effect on May 17, 2015 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 6, 2015 N 57n.

16. Changes in accounting policies that have had or are capable of having a significant impact on the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows are subject to separate disclosure in the financial statements.

IV. Disclosure of accounting policies

17. The organization must disclose the accounting methods adopted when forming the accounting policy, without knowledge of the application of which by interested users of the accounting (financial) statements it is impossible to reliably assess the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and (or) cash flows.
(Clause as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

18. The paragraph was excluded by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated March 11, 2009 N 22n..

The composition and content of information on the organization's accounting policies on specific accounting issues subject to mandatory disclosure in financial statements are established by the relevant federal accounting standards.
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

If financial statements are not published in full, information on accounting policies is subject to disclosure, at least in part directly related to the published data.

19. If the accounting policy of an organization is formed on the basis of the assumptions provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, then these assumptions may not be disclosed in the financial statements.

When forming an organization's accounting policy based on assumptions other than those provided for in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, such assumptions, along with the reasons for their application, must be disclosed in the financial statements.

20. If, in preparing the financial statements, there is significant uncertainty about events and conditions that may cast significant doubt on the applicability of the going concern assumption, the entity must identify the uncertainty and clearly describe what it relates to.

20.1. An organization that forms an accounting policy in accordance with paragraph two of clause 7 of these Regulations must, in relation to each method of accounting established by the federal accounting standard that it has not applied, describe such method, as well as disclose the corresponding requirement of the International Financial Reporting Standard and describe how Thus, this requirement will be violated if the accounting method established by the federal accounting standard is applied.
(The paragraph was additionally included from August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

20.2. An organization that applied clause 7.3 of these Regulations when forming its accounting policy must disclose:

the name of the federal accounting standard establishing the accounting method from which the organization has deviated, with a brief description of this method;

circumstances as a result of which the application of the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations leads to the fact that the accounting (financial) statements of the organization do not allow obtaining a reliable picture of its financial position, financial performance and cash flows and the reasons for the occurrence of these circumstances;

the content of the alternative method of accounting used by the organization and an explanation of how this method eliminates the unreliability of the presentation of the financial position of the organization, the financial results of its activities and cash flows;

the values ​​of all indicators of the organization’s accounting (financial) statements that were changed as a result of deviation from the rules established by paragraphs 7 and 7.1 of these Regulations, as if the deviation had not been made, and the amount of adjustment of each indicator.
(The paragraph was additionally included from August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n)

21. In the event of a change in accounting policies, the organization must disclose the following information:

- the reason for the change in accounting policy;

- content of changes in accounting policies;

- the procedure for reflecting the consequences of changes in accounting policies in the financial statements;

- the amount of adjustments associated with changes in accounting policies for each item in the financial statements for each of the reporting periods presented, and if the organization is required to disclose information about earnings per share - also according to data on basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share ;

- the amount of the corresponding adjustment relating to the reporting periods preceding those presented in the financial statements - to the extent practicable.

If a change in accounting policy is due to the application of a regulatory legal act for the first time or a change in a regulatory legal act, the fact of reflecting the consequences of the change in accounting policy in accordance with the procedure provided for by this act is also subject to disclosure.

22. If the disclosure of information provided for in paragraph 21 of these Regulations for any particular previous reporting period presented in the financial statements, or for reporting periods earlier than those presented, is impossible, the fact of the impossibility of such disclosure is subject to disclosure together with an indication of the reporting period in which the corresponding change in accounting policy will begin to be applied.

23. If a regulatory legal act on accounting provides for the possibility of voluntary application of the rules approved by it before the deadline for their mandatory application, the organization, when using this opportunity, must disclose this fact in the accounting (financial) statements.
(Clause as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

24. Significant methods of accounting, as well as information about changes in accounting policies are subject to disclosure in the accounting (financial) statements of the organization.
(Paragraph as amended, put into effect on August 6, 2017 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n.

If interim financial statements are presented, they may not contain information about the organization's accounting policies if there have been no changes in the latter since the preparation of the annual financial statements for the previous year, in which the accounting policies were disclosed.

25. The clause has lost force since August 6, 2017 - order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 28, 2017 N 69n..

Appendix No. 2. Accounting Regulations “Changes in Estimated Values” (PBU 21/2008)

Appendix No. 2
to the order of the Ministry
finance of the Russian Federation
dated October 6, 2008 N 106n

1. These Regulations establish the rules for recognition and disclosure in the financial statements of organizations that are legal entities under the legislation of the Russian Federation (with the exception of credit organizations and state (municipal) institutions) (hereinafter referred to as organizations), information on changes in estimated values ​​(clause as amended into effect on January 1, 2011 by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 25, 2010 N 132n.

2. For the purposes of these Regulations, a change in the estimated value is recognized as an adjustment to the value of an asset (liability) or a value reflecting the repayment of the value of an asset, due to the emergence of new information, which is made based on an assessment of the current state of affairs in the organization, expected future benefits and obligations and is not a correction of an error in financial statements.

3. The estimated value is the amount of the reserve for doubtful debts, the reserve for reducing the value of inventories, other estimated reserves, the useful lives of fixed assets, intangible assets and other depreciable assets, an assessment of the expected receipt of future economic benefits from the use of depreciable assets, etc.

A change in the way assets and liabilities are measured is not a change in accounting estimates.

If any change in accounting data cannot be clearly classified as a change in accounting policy or a change in an estimated value, then for the purposes of financial reporting it is recognized as a change in the estimated value.

4. A change in the estimated value, with the exception of the change specified in paragraph 5 of these Regulations, is subject to recognition in accounting by inclusion in the income or expenses of the organization (prospectively):

the period in which the change occurred, if such a change affects the financial statements only for this reporting period;

the period in which the change occurred, and future periods, if such a change affects the financial statements of this reporting period and the financial statements of future periods.

5. A change in the estimated value that directly affects the amount of the organization’s capital is subject to recognition by adjusting the corresponding capital items in the financial statements for the period in which the change occurred.

6. In the explanatory note to the financial statements, the organization must disclose the following information about changes in the estimated value:

- the content of the change that affected the financial statements for a given reporting period;

- the content of the change that will affect the financial statements for future periods, unless it is impossible to assess the impact of the change on the financial statements for future periods. The fact that such an assessment is impossible is also subject to disclosure.



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