What do we know about “Indian summer”? Nikolaeva S.N., Komarova I.A. Story-based games in environmental education of preschoolers

teacher-speech therapist Zhumagalieva Kalamkas Zholzhanovna,

teacher-defectologist Bekbosynova Balzhan Mukhametkalievna

Semey city. KSU "Auxiliary school" - boarding school "

L ogopedic th matinee “What do we know about summer?”

Target: demonstrate the children's successes achieved during the school year.

Tasks:

1. enrich students with new knowledge about the summer season.

2. create conditions for the development of visual perception, memory, phonemic hearing, and coherent speech.

3. to form positive learning motivation using new information technologies.

Equipment: MMP, slides for tasks, cut-out pictures of “Vegetables”, “Fruits”, texts of poems, riddles, proverbs about summer, flowers, attributes of the game “Make a bouquet”, “Pour juice into a mug”.

Progress of the matinee.

Org . moment . Children take their seats and the start of the holiday is announced. To find out what it will be dedicated to, children are invited to guess riddles about the seasons.

Snow on the fields

Ice on the rivers

The blizzard is walking.

When does this happen?

The meadow came to life

The snow is melting,

The day is coming.

When does this happen?

Empty fields

The ground gets wet

The rain is pouring down,

When does this happen?

The sun is burning

Linden blossoms,

The rye is ripening

When does this happen?

You guessed 4 seasons. What's your favorite? (Summer)

So let’s check if you are ready for summer and what you know about it. Let's do a little warm-up:

Name the summer months.

Which month has the longest day and shortest night? (slide 2)

What month is the hottest? (slide 3)

In what month do nuts, apples ripen and taste the first honey? (slide 4)

Let's remember poems about summer.

Summer.(slide 5)

The sun is shining brightly, the air is warm,

And wherever you look,

Everything around is light.

The meadow is colorful

Bright flowers,

Covered in gold

Dark sheets.

The forest sleeps: not a sound -

The leaf doesn't rustle

Only the lark rings in the air.

Summer song. (slide 6)

Summer is laughing again

Out the open window

And sunshine and light

Full, full!

Panties and T-shirts again

Lying on the shore

And the lawns bask

In chamomile snow.

In summer everything turns green and blooms. Flowers bloom here and there. Here are violets, cornflowers and forget-me-nots - wildflowers, and poets have written poems about them.

Violet.(slide 7)

On the sunny edge

The violet has blossomed -

She quietly raised her lilac ears.

She's buried in the grass

Doesn't like to climb forward.

But everyone will bow to her

And he will take it carefully

Cornflower.(slide 8)

Bloomed on the field

Blue cornflower.

That's how beautiful

Small flower.

Forget-me-nots.(slide 9)

They are visible and invisible,

You can't count them!

And who just invented them -

Cheerful, blue?

Must have been torn off

A piece of the sky

We did a little magic

And they made a flower.

And here the daisies sparkled with golden centers.

Chamomile.(slide 10)

Golden mean

And the rays go around -

This could be a picture:

Sun in the blue sky?

No, not the sun on a piece of paper,

Chamomile flower in the meadow.

Game "Make a bouquet".

On the table are two vases and flower petals with the names of wild and garden flowers written on them. Children need to distribute wild and garden flowers into two vases.

Game "What's wrong in this forest?" (picture depicting an unusual forest in which berries and mushrooms are higher than trees and people) (slide 11).

Games to develop perception: “Make a picture”, “Vegetables”, “Fruits”.

Vegetables and fruits ripen in summer, but it is unclear which ones; the summer wind mixed everything up. We need to put everything in its place. Children make pictures from fragments and name vegetables and fruits.

What's in the vase?

What's on the board?

There are a lot of berries in summer. What can you cook from them? (Make jam.) Which fairy tale character really loves jam? (Carlson) we will make cherry jam. What kind of jam will it be? - Cherry. From raspberries? - Raspberry. From strawberries? - Strawberry. From currants? - Currant. (slide 12)

In summer it is very hot and thirsty. What kind of juice will we drink? (pictures depicting juices from plums, tomatoes and apricots) (slide 13). Let's pour juice into glasses - you need to paint it with the desired color to the mark according to the instructions. In the summer they go to a disco. Our girls will show you how to do it.

Dance "Boogie-woogie".

The mood is up, let's sing.

The result of the holiday. Thank you all for your participation. I hope you enjoyed it and no one got bored.

After spring comes summer. People, plants, and animals were waiting for him. In the summer, the sun stands high in the sky during the day, shines brightly and warms - it becomes hot. The days are long, the nights are short and bright. Everything is blooming, smiling, enjoying the warmth. Now you can wear light clothes and shoes (or even barefoot) and take long walks. The water in the pond, river, lake is heated, so in the summer everyone enjoys swimming and sunbathing.

In summer there are thunderstorms and warm showers. The chicks begin to leave the nests and learn to fly. Dragonflies circle above the water, butterflies and bees above the flowers.

The gardens are filled with fruits and the juicy berries are ripening. In the meadows there is a lush carpet of herbs and flowers. There is a lot of work for people in the fields, meadows and summer cottages.

There are often thunderstorms in summer. Summer thunderclouds are made up of an infinite number of water droplets charged with electricity. Between two such clouds a high-power electric charge jumps. This is lightning. Sometimes lightning occurs between a thundercloud and the ground. Then a tree or haystack that was struck by lightning may catch fire. That is why during a summer thunderstorm you should not hide from the rain under lonely trees. During the discharge of thunderclouds, we first see the flash of lightning, and then the peals of thunder reach us. This happens because sound travels through air more slowly than light. If there is a very long interval between lightning and thunder, then this means that the thunderstorm is happening somewhere far away.

Usually you can see in advance that a thunderstorm is brewing: the sun is hot, moisture accumulates in the air, it becomes quiet and stuffy. A cluster of powerful cumulus clouds is noticeable on the horizon. They quickly approach and soon occupy the entire sky, which begins to change in a special way and even a special pre-storm light is felt. The wind blows in gusts, abruptly changes direction, and then intensifies, raising clouds of dust, tearing off leaves and breaking tree branches, and can tear off the roofs of houses. Then a wall of torrential rain falls from above from an approaching cloud, sometimes with hail. Lightning flashes, deafening rumbles of thunder are heard. A dangerous, but very beautiful sight!

How dangerous is a thunderstorm? First of all, a lightning strike. Lightning can cause a fire. A direct lightning strike can cause death! Another danger is strong winds that break tree branches and damage buildings. Trees falling from the wind often damage power lines. Because of them, people can get injured. And finally, heavy rain and hail. Hail destroys crops. If you don’t hide from it in time, you can’t avoid bruises and abrasions. Tell us about the sizes of hailstones, show them with examples!

After the rain, when the sun peeks through the thick curtain of clouds, A beautiful seven-color rainbow appears in the sky. She appears where the storm clouds go. A rainbow is visible as long as raindrops fall frequently and evenly on the ground. The larger the drops and the more often they fall, the brighter the rainbow.

The colors of the rainbow are arranged in a strictly defined order: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. These colors make up the white ray of sunlight, which when it rains is refracted in drops of rainwater. To remember this sequence, people came up with a sentence in which the first letter of each word is the same as the first letter of the name of the color: "Every Hunter Wants to Know Where the Pheasant Sits."

Usually we see a rainbow when the rain has not stopped yet, but the sun is shining in the sky. A rainbow can be seen not only in the sky, but also in a fountain, while swimming in a river, when a lot of splashes rise. The main thing is that the sun and water “work” together.

In summer you can see many insects: butterflies, ladybugs, flies, mosquitoes, bees, bumblebees.

In the summer, in the heat, you need to be careful about your food, strictly observe the rules of personal hygiene, and also not consume uncontrolled perishable foods.

At the same time, you need to know the basic rules, the observance of which reduces the risk of contracting intestinal infectious diseases:

Before eating, be sure to wash your hands, and always with soap;

Products must be kept in the refrigerator or sold quickly; in hot weather they spoil very quickly;

When going to the forest, you need to dress properly. Clothes should be light and shoes should be high. It is advisable to cover your neck with something. Under no circumstances should you go into the forest in shorts, a sleeveless T-shirt and without a hat, since tick bites are very dangerous. Ticks are dangerous not only in the forest. This insect can enter a house with a bouquet of flowers, tree branches, grass, on the fur of pets, as well as on the outer clothing of a person returning from the forest. Therefore, when leaving the forest, you need to carefully inspect your clothes, and do it again at home.

In summer, people tend to crops in fields and gardens. At this time of year, it is necessary to fight weeds and insect pests, water and feed plants, and loosen the soil. To prevent plants from burning out due to drought, canals are built in the steppe regions and sprinklers are installed in the fields. This makes it possible to grow corn, melons, watermelons, and various vegetables.

People are busy in summer preparation of food for domestic animals. One such feed is silage. This is mown grass placed in special holes. The pits are closed so that air does not penetrate into them.

The haymaking season has just passed in July, and the peasants have even more new hard work to do. It’s not for nothing that they say that August is bitter hard labor, but afterwards the poppy will be sweet. In the warm soil, starchy potato tubers and sweet beet roots will ripen. In the fields, the cornfields are widely agitated, the ripe rye ear has grown heavy, asking to be put into the thresher. The apples are filling up in the orchards; the raspberries and late strawberries have not yet left. Heads of cabbage are already curling up in the vegetable gardens, carrots are growing lusciously, and side-size tomatoes are ripening. “August is a bush eater, a thick eater, a pickle eater: plenty of everything.” The bounties of August are countless. They store bread for the whole year, obtain food, and prepare pickles: “Winter has a big mouth.” Discuss the proverbs:

August cooks, September serves.

August is the crown of summer.

It's August and it's a busy time for fish.

In August, the woman bends the ridge in the field; Yes, life is good for her: the days are shorter, the nights are longer; an aching back, and a mess on the table.

August prepares pickles for the winter table.

Whatever a man gathers in August will keep him fed throughout the winter.

What begins in April will grow in May, bloom and ripen in June - July, and be buried in bins and barns in August.

Indian summer begins on September 14 (September 1, old style). For us, this means that autumn brings a little more summer warmth before the cold weather. What do we know about “Indian summer”?...

It is interesting that the concept itself exists in other countries, but it is dated to different times. In Poland and the Czech Republic, “Indian summer” refers to prolonged warm weather in the fall, regardless of the month. In Bulgaria there is an “Indian Spring” - the so-called “Indian Days” correspond to the end of March...

In some areas of Germany, at the end of the nineteenth century, there was one day or even several hours a year that were considered feminine. On this day, husbands had to obey their wives and unquestioningly fulfill all their desires and commands.

In Brussels there was also such a day - January 19, when a woman was considered the sovereign mistress of the house, and her husband was obliged to obey her in everything. In Ukraine, "Indian summer" begins from October 1 to October 8, old style. Why this particular time is explained by legend.

Once upon a time, there was a strong cold these days. Not all of the fruits in the gardens had been harvested yet, so they were bound to inevitably disappear. So the women, having gathered together, began to ask the Lord God to return warmth to them. The prayer was answered. And the warm time really returned, and the fruits were successfully collected. It was then that the first week after Intercession began to be called “Indian summer.”

Due to the fact that in the customs of different countries this time was considered a time when a man had to submit to his wife, the assumption arises that the expression “Indian summer” contains a remnant of the former dominance of women over men, and the word “summer” does not mean the time of year , and year, time.

In Russia, Indian summer has long been dedicated to the week from September 1 to 8, according to the old style. In this regard, there was an assumption that this time is called “Indian summer” because in September the constellation Pleiades, in other words, Baba, is visible in the sky.

Do you remember how at the beginning of September the thinnest cobwebs, barely visible to the eye, begin to fly? It is now known that it is woven by tiny spiders. And in ancient times, people did not know where the thinnest threads in the air came from. In pagan times, they believed that the appearance of cobwebs was the result of the work of the gods.

The pagan Slavs believed that one of the gods they worshiped entangled the entire world with invisible thin threads of a web. Later, after the adoption of Christianity, the origin of the threads began to be attributed to the Mother of God.

In the minds of the peasants, the threads of the web floating in the air meant that it was time to begin women’s work: weaving, spinning, sewing, knitting.

The time began for women at this time when they had to prepare fabrics and threads to sheathe and bind their entire family.

Indian summer begins on a day called Semin, or the day of Semyon the summer guide. On this day the Church remembers one of its great ascetics, Simeon the Stylite (IV-V centuries).

Since before 1700 the New Year began on September 1, many beginnings in peasant life are associated with this day. On Semyon's day, they usually extinguished the old fire, and in the morning they made a wood fire again by rubbing wood against wood. There was a tradition on Semin's Day to complete trade-related agreements and transactions. For many centuries, there was a custom on the day of Simeon to put a boy who had reached four years of age on a horse.

From that day on, women soaked hemp, dried and crushed flax, and dug potatoes. There was also an amusing custom of burying flies and cockroaches on this day so that they would not be found.

The anticyclone is to blame

Indian summer is not summer at all, which returned for a week or two in mid-September. Warm autumn days are the last waves of the Azores anticyclone, thanks to which the air and soil do not have time to cool quickly.

The Azores anticyclone is a huge area of ​​high pressure in the Atlantic. In summer it affects only the northern hemisphere, from 40° to 65° north latitude. The USA, all of Europe and the European part of Russia are under its influence. Therefore, Indian summer is a local phenomenon.

From May to September, anticyclones bring heat, and in the remaining months - cold. Since the weather changes according to a sinusoid, approximately once every 5-7 days a cyclone is replaced by an anticyclone and vice versa. In this regard, September in mid-latitudes is no different from other months. So “Indian summer” is just an anticyclone that has not yet had time to “cool down” for winter.

How trees help

Since a cyclone replaces an anticyclone approximately once a week, why does Indian summer last longer? It is believed that fallen leaves are to blame for this.

Indian summer comes to our country after the leaves begin to fall. Fallen leaves emit additional heat into the atmosphere, which does not allow the soil to cool quickly, and thereby delays the Indian summer for another couple of days.

Why doesn't Indian summer last longer?

In Russia, the arrival of Indian summer is traditionally expected by September 14th. But in Europe and the USA, Indian summer comes much later. In America, the “Indian summer” is expected from early October to mid-November, and in Germany from late September to early November.

By October, the air masses of the Azores anticyclone, which gives us Indian summer, weaken. They can no longer cross Europe and reach Russia, so continental cold comes into force in our country. But European countries will continue to enjoy the warmth brought from the ocean for several more weeks.

About spiders and cobwebs

In some countries, Indian summer is called “spider summer” or “Maryina yarn”. These names are associated with the fact that due to leaf fall, tree branches are exposed and previously invisible cobwebs become visible. Moreover, cobwebs often break off from trees and go flying.

Two Indian summers

Until the mid-20th century, it was believed that Indian summer came twice - at the end of August and mid-September. Each of them was associated with many signs, such as “if there is a lot of web in the air, then the autumn will be clear and the winter will be cold” or “Indian summer is dry - autumn is wet.”

Today, only the “old” summer, which occurs in mid-September, is called Indian summer. “Young” comes in August, when it is still warm, so it often goes unnoticed.

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ABSTRACT

Classes for the middle group d/s No. 18

Topic: “Final conversation about summer”

Educator: Savelyeva T.V.

Integration of educational areas:“Cognition” (FCCM), “Communication”, “Socialization”, “Physical Education”, “Safety”.
Target: Generalization and expansion of children’s knowledge on the topic “Summer”.
Tasks:
Educational:
consolidate knowledge about seasonal changes in nature, during the summer, about insects, their structure, habitats, about wild berries and mushrooms;
consolidate the ability to solve riddles, classify clothes by season, form adjectives from nouns, and independently evaluate your knowledge;
develop communication skills;
improve gross motor skills and coordination of movements;
Educational:
develop emotional responsiveness and environmental awareness;
cultivate a caring attitude and love for nature.
Types of children's activities: cognitive - research, communication, play, perception of fiction, musical perception.
Materials and equipment: artificial clearing with flowers and insects, a caterpillar, threads for a cocoon, a butterfly in a cocoon, a spider, counting sticks, a poster with drawings of clothes, caps and panama hats, two helium balloons, a panel with flowers and butterflies according to the number of children, ICT: presentations “Where is whose house?”, “Who is the odd one out?”, “Walk in the summer forest”, “Check the basket of mushrooms”, video clip with Kikimora.
Lesson structure.
1. Organizational moment.(The teacher has the sun in his hands) Guys, look, the sun has come to visit us. We enjoy the sun at all times of the year. What time of year is it now? (Spring).
2.Seasons
What other seasons do you know? (Children's answers).
Sequence of seasons:
Guys, who can make pictures of the seasons sequentially, starting with autumn? (The teacher hangs up a picture depicting autumn, the willing child continues the chain.) What season completes the chain? (Summer) We’ll talk about him today.
3. Statement of the problem.
Guys, we already talked about summer in class. But the sun wants to know: how much do we know about summer or not? How do you think? (Children's answers).
Those who think that we know a lot about summer stand under the yellow ball. Those who think that we know little about summer stand under the orange ball. (Children stand under the balls, the teacher counts and asks to go to the chairs).
4.Summer.
To go into the summer we must choose the appropriate clothes.
D/game “Summer clothes”.
Target: Show children's ability to classify clothes by season.
So, summer clothes have been chosen. I invite you to the summer meadow. Come up, put on caps, panama hats, hats... (children put on hats).
Tell me, why did we put on hats when heading into the summer? (The sun shines brightly in the summer, it’s hot, and without panama hats your head can overheat and sunstroke may occur).
The teacher praises the children for the correct answer and invites them to play a game:
“Summer, summer, summer – what color is it?
Come on, tell me, come on, show me.
Gently green, like a grasshopper in the grass (they jump like grasshoppers),
Yellow, yellow, like sand near rivers (show sand and river waves),
Bright, blue, the most beautiful (raise their hands up, spin around themselves),
This is what summer is like.
Is everyone ready to head into summer? (Yes!) Then let's go. (Calm music sounds, children approach the prepared clearing and sit around). Children look at flowers, recognize and name them. The teacher praises the children for correct answers, shows soft green grass and asks: “Who can live here without being noticed?” If the guys have difficulty answering, it suggests that these residents are very small, very tiny. Summarizing the children's reasoning, the teacher says that insects are extraordinary animals, they can hide in the grass so that no one will notice them; wondering what insects children know? (Fly, bee, mosquito, ant, dragonfly, wasp,..)
I will tell you riddles about insects, and you will guess them and find this insect in the clearing.
Black toddler
He can't pull the load according to his height. (Ant.)

Tatyana Bezmenova
“Summer, what are you like?” Conversation with children about summer. Children's themed drawings

Target. Generalizing children's knowledge about summer.

Tasks.

Teach children to answer questions about the content of story pictures with complete answers;

To develop auditory attention, fine motor skills of the fingers, the ability to reflect one’s impressions in a drawing, and children’s imagination;

Introduce children to the signs of summer.

Integration of educational areas.

“Speech development”, “Artistic and aesthetic development”, “Cognitive development”, “Social and communicative development”.

Preliminary work.

Looking at pictures and illustrations in books on summer themes; reading poems about summer.

Material and equipment.

Scene pictures from the “Summer” series; felt-tip pens, album sheets according to the number of children.

Progress of the conversation

1. Organizational moment

Guys, I’ll read you a riddle now. Listen to it carefully and tell me what time of year we are talking about?

I am made of heat,

I carry the warmth with me.

I warm the rivers.

"Take a bath!" - I suggest.

And love for it

You all have me. I….(summer)

(Children's answers)

That's right, well done. My riddle is about summer. Guys, it was not in vain that I started the conversation with a riddle about the summer. Who knows what date it is today?

(Children's answers)

2. The teacher’s story about summer.

Summer is one of the four seasons. This time is characterized by high air temperatures. The sun warms us a lot and makes us happy with its warmth. Summer is a favorite time not only for children, but also for adults. In summer you can swim, sunbathe, fish, bike and roller skate. In the forest, with the arrival of summer, big changes occur - ants begin to build anthills, spiders weave webs, chicks learn to fly, beautiful flowers bloom, mushrooms and berries grow everywhere. In mid-June, raspberries begin to ripen, which bear cubs love. And in the summer, squirrels begin to prepare supplies for the winter.

Guys, I know one wonderful poem about summer, listen.

Tell me, children, summer -

What color is it:

Green, burgundy,

Or maybe purple?

And summer is very different:

Brown, red,

Lemon-golden,

Like a fluffy cloud,

Like a rosy apple,

Spicy like mint for tea.

Cheerful and loud,

With boys, with girls.

It's cool from the rain.

It's very hot from the sun,

Happy and bright!

We all need -

It's always a favorite!

Did you like the poem? And also, guys, I know several folk superstitions about phenomena that occur in the summer.

The spider intensively weaves webs - for dry weather.

The frogs croaked - to bad weather.

Swallows fly low - before the rain.

Heavy dew means a clear day.

Rainbow in the evening - good weather.

Rainbow in the morning - for rain.

3. Children compose stories about summer (based on plot pictures)

Guys, I told you about summer, and now I want to show you a few pictures where the artist painted summer, everything you can do in summer. Let's get a look.

(The teacher sequentially shows several pictures on a summer theme, gives the children the opportunity to look at each picture)

Guys, now tell me what kind of summer it is?

(Children's stories about summer)

4. Drawing – “How we imagine summer.”

The teacher invites the children to draw summer the way they imagine it. The teacher places an easel with several pictures with summer scenes in front of the children, and the children use felt-tip pens to draw their impressions and ideas about summer.

5. Summary. Exhibition of children's drawings.

The teacher, together with the children, examines the children’s work, evaluates each work, and invites them to tell what they drew.