Didactic games. Didactic games for children: development of speech, sensory, physical development

Salybaeva Angela Ramazanovna,

teacher,

MBDOU TsRR d/s "Tanyusha"

Surgut district, Fedorovsky village

Leading children's activities preschool age is a play activity. A didactic game is a verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a gaming method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and With independent play activity, and a means of comprehensive education of the child.
Didactic games promote:
- development of cognitive and mental abilities: obtaining new knowledge, generalizing and consolidating it, expanding their existing ideas about objects and natural phenomena, plants, animals; development of memory, attention, observation; developing the ability to express one’s judgments and draw conclusions.
- development of children's speech: replenishment and activation of vocabulary.
- social and moral development of a preschool child: in such a game, knowledge of the relationships between children, adults, objects of living and inanimate nature occurs, in it the child shows a sensitive attitude towards peers, learns to be fair, to give in if necessary, learns to sympathize, etc.
The structure of the didactic game form basic and additional components. TO main components include: didactic task, game actions, game rules, result and didactic material. TO additional components: plot and role.
Conducting didactic games includes: 1. Familiarize children with the content of the game, use didactic material in it (showing objects, pictures, a short conversation, during which the children’s knowledge and ideas are clarified). 2.Explanation of the course and rules of the game, while strictly following these rules. 3. Showing game actions. 4. Defining the role of an adult in the game, his participation as a player, fan or referee (the teacher directs the actions of the players with advice, questions, reminders). 5. Summing up the game is a crucial moment in its management. Based on the results of the game, one can judge its effectiveness and whether it will be used by children in independent play activities. Analysis of the game allows us to identify individual abilities in the behavior and character of children. This means properly organizing individual work with them.

Learning in the form of a didactic game is based on the child’s desire to enter an imaginary situation and act according to its laws, that is, it responds age characteristics preschooler.

Types of didactic games:

1. Games with objects (toys).

2. Printed board games.

3.Word games.

Didactic games – differ in educational content, cognitive activity children, game actions and rules, organization and relationships of children, the role of the teacher.

Games with objects - are based on the direct perception of children, correspond to the child’s desire to act with objects and thus get acquainted with them. IN In games with objects, children learn to compare, establish similarities and differences between objects. The value of these games is that with their help children become familiar with the properties of objects, size, and color. When introducing children to nature in such games, I use natural material(plant seeds, leaves, pebbles, various flowers, pine cones, twigs, vegetables, fruits, etc. - which arouses keen interest in children and an active desire to play. Examples of such games: “Don’t be mistaken”, “Describe this object”, “What is this?”, “What first, what then”, etc.
Board - printed games -This An interesting activity for children to get acquainted with the surrounding world, the world of animals and plants, phenomena of living and inanimate nature. They are varied in type: “lotto”, “dominoes”, paired pictures.” With the help of board and printed games, you can successfully develop speech skills, mathematical abilities, logic, attention, learn to model life patterns and make decisions, and develop self-control skills.

Word games - This effective method nurturing independent thinking and speech development in children. They built on the words and actions of the players, children independently solve various mental problems: they describe objects, highlighting their characteristic features, guess them from the description, find similarities and differences between these objects and natural phenomena.

IN In the process of games, children clarify, consolidate, and expand their ideas about natural objects and its seasonal changes.

Didactic games - travel - are one of the effective ways to enhance the cognitive activity of children.

Didactic game in experimental activities - contributes to the formation of children's cognitive interest in the environment, develops basic mental processes, observation, and thinking.

The joint activities of parents and teachers - individual counseling of parents, information stands, moving folders, thematic exhibitions with the proposed material - gives a more effective result in working with children.
To develop children's knowledge about the world around them, their systematization, education humane treatment I use the following educational games for nature:

Material used:

Games with objects
"What it is?"
Goal: to clarify children’s ideas about inanimate objects.
Material: natural - sand, stones, earth, water, snow.
Progress of the game. Children are offered pictures and, depending on what is drawn on it, they need to arrange the natural material accordingly and answer what is it? And what is it? (Big, heavy, light, small, dry, wet, loose). What can you do with it?
“Who eats what?”
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about animal food.
Progress of the game. Children take out from the bag: carrots, cabbage, raspberries, cones, grain, oats, etc. They name it and remember what animal eats this food.
"Children on a Branch"
Target . To consolidate children's knowledge about the leaves and fruits of trees and shrubs, to teach them to select them according to their belonging to the same plant.
Progress of the game. Children look at the leaves of trees and shrubs and name them. At the teacher’s suggestion: “Children, find your branches” - the children select the corresponding fruit for each leaf. This game can be played with dried leaves and fruits throughout the year. The children themselves can prepare the material for the game.
“Find what I’ll show you”
Didactic task. Find an item by similarity.
Equipment. Place identical sets of vegetables and fruits on two trays. Cover one (for the teacher) with a napkin.
Progress of the game. The teacher briefly shows one of the objects hidden under the napkin and removes it again, then asks the children: “Find the same one on another tray and remember what it’s called.” Children take turns completing the task until all the fruits and vegetables hidden under the napkin are named.
“What first - what then?”
Target. To consolidate children's knowledge about the development and growth of animals.
Progress of the game. Children are presented with objects: an egg, a chicken, a model of a chicken; kitten, cat; puppy, dog. Children need to place these items in the correct order.
Printed board games
"It is when?"
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena in nature.
Progress of the game. Each of the children has object pictures depicting snowfall, rain, a sunny day, cloudy weather, hail is falling, the wind is blowing, icicles are hanging, etc. and story pictures with images of different seasons. Children need to correctly arrange the pictures they have.
"Magic Train"
Target. To consolidate and systematize children’s ideas about trees and shrubs.
Material. Two trains cut out of cardboard (each train has 4 cars with 5 windows); two sets of cards with pictures of plants.
Progress of the game: On the table in front of the children there is a “train” and cards with pictures of animals. Educator. In front of you is a train and passengers. They need to be placed in the carriages (in the first - bushes, in the second - flowers, etc.) so that one passenger is visible in each window. The first one to place the animals correctly in the carriages will be the winner.
Similarly, this game can be played to consolidate ideas about various groups of plants (forests, gardens, meadows, vegetable gardens).
"Four Pictures"
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about the surrounding nature, develop attention and observation.
Progress of the game. The game consists of 24 pictures depicting birds, butterflies, and animals. The presenter shuffles the cards and distributes them equally to the game participants (from 3 to 6 people). Each player must pick up 4 cards that are identical in content. The player who begins the game, having examined his cards, passes one of them to the person sitting on the left. If he needs a card, he keeps it for himself, and any unnecessary one also passes on to the neighbor on the left, etc. Having picked up the cards, each player places them face down in front of them. When all possible sets have been selected, the game ends. Participants in the game turn over the collected cards and lay them out four at a time so that everyone can see them. The one with the most correctly selected cards wins.
Word games
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify and deepen children's knowledge about the seasons.
Progress of the game.
The teacher reads alternately short texts in poetry or prose about the seasons, and the children guess.
“Find something to tell me about”
Didactic task. Find objects using the listed characteristics.
Equipment. Vegetables and fruits are laid out along the edge of the table so that the distinctive features of the objects are clearly visible to all children.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes in detail one of the objects lying on the table, that is, names the shape of vegetables and fruits, their color and taste. Then the teacher asks one of the children: “Show it on the table, and then name what I told you about.” If the child has completed the task, the teacher describes another object, and another child completes the task. The game continues until all children guess the item from the description.

“Guess who it is?”
Target. Strengthen children's ideas about characteristic features wild and domestic animals.
Progress of the game. The teacher describes the animal (its appearance, habits, habitat...) children must guess who they are talking about.
“When does this happen?”
Target. Clarify children's ideas about seasonal phenomena.
Progress of the game. Children are offered leaves of different plants with different colors, cones, a herbarium of flowering plants, etc. depending on the time of year. Children need to name the time of year when there are such leaves, branches, flowers.
Outdoor games
“What do we take in the basket?”
Goal: to consolidate in children the knowledge of what crops are harvested in the field, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest.
Learn to distinguish fruits based on where they are grown.
To form an idea of ​​the role of people in conservation of nature.
Materials: Medallions with images of vegetables, fruits, cereals, melons, mushrooms, berries, as well as baskets.
Progress of the game. Some children have medallions depicting various gifts of nature. Others have medallions in the form of baskets.
Children - fruits, disperse around the room to cheerful music, with movements and facial expressions they depict a clumsy watermelon, tender strawberries, a mushroom hiding in the grass, etc.
Children - baskets must pick up fruits in both hands. Necessary condition: each child must bring fruits that grow in one place (vegetables from the garden, etc.). The one who fulfills this condition wins.
Tops - roots
Did. task: teach children to make a whole from parts.
Materials: two hoops, pictures of vegetables.
Game progress: option 1. Take two hoops: red, blue. Place them so that the hoops intersect. In the red hoop you need to put vegetables whose roots are used for food, and in the blue hoop you need to put those whose tops are used.
The child comes to the table, chooses a vegetable, shows it to the children and puts it in the right circle, explaining why he put the vegetable there. (in the area where the hoops intersect there should be vegetables whose tops and roots are used: onions, parsley, etc.
Option 2. On the table are the tops and roots of plants - vegetables. Children are divided into two groups: tops and roots. Children of the first group take the tops, the second - the roots. At the signal, everyone runs in all directions. On the signal “One, two, three – find your pair!”, you need
Ball game "Air, earth, water"
Did. task: to consolidate children's knowledge about natural objects. Develop auditory attention, thinking, and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: Option 1. The teacher throws the ball to the child and names an object of nature, for example, “magpie.” The child must answer “air” and throw the ball back. To the word “dolphin” the child responds “water”, to the word “wolf” - “earth”, etc.
Option2. The teacher calls the word “air”; the child who catches the ball must name the bird. For the word “earth” - an animal that lives on the earth; for the word “water” - the inhabitant of rivers, seas, lakes and oceans.
Nature and man.
Did. task: to consolidate and systematize children’s knowledge about what is created by man and what nature gives to man.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: the teacher conducts a conversation with the children, during which he clarifies their knowledge that the objects around us are either made by human hands or exist in nature, and people use them; for example, forests, coal, oil, gas exist in nature, but houses and factories are created by humans.
"What is made by man"? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
“What is created by nature”? asks the teacher and throws the ball.
Children catch the ball and answer the question. Those who cannot remember miss their turn.
Choose what you need.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about nature. Develop thinking and cognitive activity.
Materials: subject pictures.
Progress of the game: object pictures are scattered on the table. The teacher names some property or sign, and the children must choose as many objects as possible that have this property.
For example: “green” - these can be pictures of a leaf, cucumber, cabbage, grasshopper. Or: “wet” - water, dew, cloud, fog, frost, etc.
Where are the snowflakes?
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the various states of water. Develop memory and cognitive activity.
Materials: cards depicting different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
Game progress: option 1 . Children dance in a circle around cards laid out in a circle. The cards depict different states of water: waterfall, river, puddle, ice, snowfall, cloud, rain, steam, snowflake, etc.
While moving in a circle, the following words are said:
So summer has come. The sun shone brighter.
It's getting hotter, where should we look for a snowflake?
With the last word everyone stops. Those in front of whom the required pictures are located must raise them and explain their choice. The movement continues with the words:
Finally, winter has come: Cold, blizzard, cold.
Go out for a walk. Where should we look for a snowflake?
The desired pictures are selected again and the choice is explained.
Option 2 . There are 4 hoops depicting the four seasons. Children must distribute their cards to the hoops, explaining their choice. Some cards may correspond to several seasons.
The conclusion is drawn from the answers to the questions:
- At what time of year can water in nature be in a solid state? (Winter, early spring, late autumn).
The birds have arrived.
Did. task: to clarify the idea of ​​​​birds.
Progress of the game: the teacher names only the birds, but if he suddenly makes a mistake, then the children must stomp or clap. For example. Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, flies and swifts.
Children stomp – What’s wrong? (flies)
- Who are these flies? (insects)
- Birds arrived: pigeons, tits, storks, crows, jackdaws, macaroni.
The children are stomping. - birds arrived: pigeons, martens...
The children are stomping. Game continues.
Birds have arrived: Tit pigeons,
Jackdaws and swifts, Lapwings, swifts,
Storks, cuckoos, even scops owls,
Swans, starlings. Well done to all of you.
Result: the teacher, together with the children, identifies migratory and wintering birds.
When does this happen?
Did. task: to teach children to distinguish the signs of the seasons. With the help of poetic words, show the beauty of different seasons, the diversity of seasonal phenomena and people's activities.
Materials: for each child, pictures with landscapes of spring, summer, autumn and winter.
Progress of the game: the teacher reads a poem, and the children show a picture depicting the season mentioned in the poem.
Spring. In the clearing, blades of grass appear near the path.
A stream runs from a hillock, and there is snow under the tree.
Summer. And light and wide
Our quiet river. Let's run to swim and splash with the fish...
Autumn. The grass in the meadows withers and turns yellow,
The winter crops are just turning green in the fields. A cloud covers the sky, the sun does not shine,
The wind is howling in the field, the rain is drizzling.
Winter. Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets, Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black, And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.
Did. task: to clarify children’s knowledge about the flowering time of individual plants (for example, daffodil, tulip - in spring); golden ball, asters - in autumn, etc.; teach them to classify on this basis, develop their memory and intelligence.
Materials: ball.
Progress of the game: children stand in a circle. The teacher or child throws the ball, naming the time of year when the plant grows: spring, summer, autumn. The child names the plant.
What is made of what?
Did. task: to teach children to identify the material from which an object is made.
Materials: wooden cube, aluminum bowl, glass jar, metal bell, key, etc.
Progress of the game: children take different objects out of the bag and name them, indicating what each object is made of.
Guess what.
Did. task: to develop children’s ability to solve riddles, to correlate a verbal image with the image in the picture; clarify children's knowledge about berries.
Materials: pictures for each child with images of berries. Book of riddles.

Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle, the children look for and pick up the answer picture.
Edible - inedible.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about edible and inedible mushrooms.
Materials: basket, object pictures with images of edible and inedible mushrooms.
Progress of the game: on the table in front of each child there are pictures of the answer. The teacher makes a riddle about mushrooms, the children look for and put a picture of the answer to an edible mushroom in baskets.
Place the planets correctly.
Did. task: to consolidate knowledge about the main planets.
Materials: belt with sewn rays - ribbons of different lengths (9 pieces). Caps with images of planets.
It's so hot on this planet
That it’s dangerous to be there, friends.

What is our hottest planet, and where is it located? (Mercury because it is closest to the sun).
And this planet was shackled by a terrible cold,
The sun's rays did not reach her with warmth.
-What kind of planet is this? (Pluto because it is farthest from the sun and the smallest of all the planets).
A child in a Pluto cap takes hold of the longest ribbon No. 9.
And this planet is dear to us all.
The planet gave us life... (all: Earth)
-In what orbit does planet Earth rotate? Where is our planet from the sun? (On the 3rd).
A child in an “Earth” cap takes hold of ribbon No. 3.
Two planets are close to planet Earth.
My friend, name them quickly. (Venus and Mars).
Children wearing “Venus” and “Mars” hats occupy the 2nd and 4th orbits, respectively.
And this planet is proud of itself
Because it is considered the largest.
-What kind of planet is this? What orbit is it in? (Jupiter, orbit No. 5).
The child in the Jupiter cap takes place No. 5.
The planet is surrounded by rings
And this made her different from everyone else. (Saturn)
Child - Saturn occupies orbit No. 6.
What kind of green planets are they? (Uranus)
A child wearing a matching Neptune cap occupies orbit #8.
All the children took their places and began to revolve around the “Sun”.
The round dance of the planets is spinning. Each has its own size and color.
For each, the path is defined. But only on Earth is the world inhabited by life.
Useful - not useful.
Did. task: to consolidate the concepts of healthy and harmful products.
Materials: cards with images of products.
How to play: Place what is useful on one table, and what is not useful on the other.
Healthy: rolled oats, kefir, onions, carrots, apples, cabbage, sunflower oil, pears, etc.
Unhealthy: chips, fatty meats, chocolates, cakes, Fanta, etc.

Used Books:

A.I. Sorokin “Didactic game in kindergarten».

A.K. Bondarenko "Didactic games in kindergarten."

“Certificate of publication in the media” Series A No. 0002253, barcode (receipt No.) 62502669050070 Date of dispatch December 12, 2013

We invite preschool teachers of the Tyumen region, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to publish their teaching material:
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Lyubov Maksimova

Workshop of a professional teacher.

In preschool age, it is play that contributes to the diversified development of the child. Play for children is study, play for them is work, a serious form of education. A game for preschoolers is a way of learning about their surroundings. While playing, they study colors, shapes, properties of materials, and spatial relationships. In play, the child gains his first experience of collective thinking. I really like to play with children games, especially in didactic. During my time working in a preschool institution, I made and carried out many didactic games.

№1. Didactic game"Bunnies and houses"

Target: consolidate knowledge of basic colors: red, blue, yellow, green.

Move games: In front of the children there are 4 houses of different colors. Children have 4 bunnies of the same color. The teacher invites the children to hide the bunnies in houses, since they are very afraid of the wolf, but do not know what color their house is.

№2. Didactic game"Butterflies and Flowers"

Target: to develop in children the ability to compare two groups of objects based on comparison, to establish equality and inequality of 2 sets, to activate the words “as many”, “equally”, “equally”.

Material: butterflies and flowers cut out of colored paper according to the number of children.

Move games: The teacher invites the children to turn into butterflies (hands out butterflies). Butterflies fly across the clearing. At the signal “Butterflies, fly to the flower!” - they fly to the flower (spread out on the floor) to the house. Have all the butterflies had enough houses? How many butterflies? How many flowers? Are there equal numbers? How else can you say it?

Option 2: working with cards at the table.

№3. Didactic game"Decorate the rug"

Target: develop children’s ability to compare objects by color, shape, size.

Move: Educator: “Children, a hare came to visit us. She wants to give her bunnies beautiful rugs, but she didn’t have time to decorate them. Let’s help her. How will we decorate them? (circles, triangles). What colour? Are the circles the same size? and triangles? etc. The hare really liked the rugs.

Similar game "Decorate the mitten"

№4. Didactic game"Close the figure"

Target: consolidate children’s knowledge of primary colors and their shades, the size of objects. Develop logical thinking, attention, fine motor skills.

Material: cards with geometric shapes pasted on them different sizes and colors. A set of the same geometric shapes.

№5. Didactic game"Find a match."

Target: fix the name of geometric shapes; develop the ability to make a pair of two identical cards; develop visual attention.

Material: a set of cards depicting 2-3 geometric shapes (2 identical).

№ 6 Didactic game"Paths to the houses"

Target: Develop the ability to compare 3 objects in length by application and overlap, navigate in space, activate in speech words: “long”, “shorter”, “short”; develop visual attention.

Material: cards with houses in which animals live, 3 strips of different lengths. For every child.

Move games: The presenter tells the children that the animals have built houses for themselves and want to visit each other, but there are no paths and they don’t know where to go. Let's lay paths to the houses, but first look at them carefully, compare them in length, place them between the houses. What path will you lay from the fox's house to the bear's house? What colour? etc. To whom does the shortest path lead? And the longest?

№7. Didactic game"Name and Count"

Target: consolidate knowledge about geometric shapes, practice counting objects, develop attention and memory.

Material: pictures of animals.

№8 Didactic game"Count the sounds"

Content: It is better to start the game by counting toys, calling 2 - 3 children to the table, then say that children are good at counting toys and things, and today they will learn to count sounds. The teacher invites the children to count, using their hand, how many times he hits the table. He shows how to swing the right hand, standing on the elbow, in time with the blows. The blows are made quietly and not too often so that the children have time to count them. At first, no more than 1 - 3 sounds are produced, and only when the children stop making mistakes does the number of beats increase. Next, you are asked to play the specified number of sounds. The teacher calls the children to the table one by one and invites them to hit the hammer or stick against the stick 2 - 5 times. Finally, all children are asked to raise their hand (lean forward, sit down) as many times as the hammer hits.

№9. Didactic game"The cars are going to the garage" (For children 4 - 5 years old)

Target: Consolidate knowledge of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and the sequence of their construction in a row one after another; develop thinking, attention, speed of reaction to a signal, independence in solving a problem, control and self-control skills.

Content: The game is played as a competition. Chairs with colored circles indicate parking lots. Children are given circles (each column - one color). At the leader's signal (hit the tambourine) everyone is running around the group room. By signal: "Cars! Parking lot!" - everyone “goes” to their garage, i.e. children with red steering wheels - to the garage marked with a red circle, etc. The cars are lined up in a column in numerical order, starting with the first. The teacher checks the order of car numbers in each column.

Questions: what is the first number? Why? What number is followed by 2? What is greater than 1 or 2? How long? etc.

№10. Didactic game"Connect the numbers"

Target: consolidate knowledge of numbers, develop the ability to connect dots in the order of numbers.

Material: cards-schemes on which numbers are written near the dots.

№11. Didactic game"Color the balls."

Target: help identify ideas about shape, color, teach to count objects, remember their quantity.

Equipment: paper, colored pencils.

Age: 45 years.

Move games: The teacher offers the child a piece of paper with balloons depicted and asks him to finish drawing the strings so that the balloons do not fly apart. The child should color the round balls blue and the oval ones yellow. After this, the teacher asks to count how many blue balls, how many yellow, how many blue and yellow together.

№12. Didactic game"Jump, don't make a mistake" For children 4 - 5 years old.

Goals: consolidate knowledge of numbers and their sequence in a number series; develop attention, logical thinking, speed of reaction and coordination of movements, independence, initiative, the ability to correctly evaluate one’s actions and the actions of other children.

Content: children (4 people each) stand inside the hoop, with “bumps” around them with numbers from 1 to 5. The teacher calls the name of any child standing in the hoop and invites him to complete the task, and for the other children to check the correctness of the execution, correcting the error if necessary. A child from four will perform the movements accordingly task: Jumps out of the hoop onto a bump with the number given by the teacher, having previously thought through his answer. The next task is completed by a child from the other four.

Tasks: 1) jump to the number from which the counting begins; 2) jump to the number that comes after 2; 3) jump to a number that is greater than 1 by 1; 4) jump to a number that is greater than 2 by 1; 5) jump on the number showing how many legs forest animals have.

Having completed the task correctly, the children “find themselves in a forest clearing.”

Rules: draw children’s attention to the correct execution tasks: you need to jump on a “bump” with a number, having previously thought through the task; When performing a jump, you need to try to maintain balance and keep your hands on your belt. Encourage children to correctly evaluate their actions and the actions of their comrades.

№13. Didactic game"Is it enough?"

Target: teach children to see equality and inequality of groups of objects of different sizes, bring them to the concept that number does not depend on size.

Content: The teacher offers to treat the animals. Previously finds out: “Will the bunnies have enough carrots and squirrels enough nuts? How to find out? How to check? Children count the toys, compare their numbers, then treat the animals by putting small toys next to large ones. Having identified the equality and inequality of the number of toys in the group, they add the missing item or remove the extra one .

№14. Didactic game"Complete the missing figure"

Target: consolidate knowledge about geometric figures: circle, square, triangle, learn to solve logic problem based on visually perceived information (to establish patterns).

№ 15. Didactic game

"Help Pinocchio draw a picture for Malvina"

Target: consolidate the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper, distinguish and name the right and left hands; activate in speech words: right, left, center, top, bottom.

Move: Pinocchio, forgive the children to draw a picture, but which one is he now? will tell: draw a house in the center, a sun at the top, etc.

№ 16. Didactic game"Who where?"

Goals games: promote the formation of spatial orientation on a sheet of paper.

Equipment: Form with the image of several items, chips.

Age: 5-6 years.

Move games: The child is offered a form with images of several objects that are located differently in space.

Educator: “What objects are drawn? Where is the pear drawn? Where is the house drawn? Drum? Ball? Balloon? What is drawn to the right of the house? And to the left? Name the objects in the upper right corner? Etc.” For each correct answer, the child receives a chip . At the end children counting chips games. The winner is the one who received the most chips.

№ 17. Didactic game"Football"

Target: teach children to navigate on a sheet of paper, determine spatial directions and designate them words: top, bottom, right, left, top right, top left, etc.

№ 18. Didactic game"When does this happen?"

Target: consolidate children’s understanding of the time of day, exercise them in matching the picture with the part days: morning afternoon Evening Night. Learn to use correctly words: “today”, “tomorrow”, “yesterday”. Develop logical thinking and coherent speech.

Rules: According to the word that the teacher says, show the card and explain. why did he pick it up?

Game action: Search for the desired picture.

Move games: On the table the players have cards that depict pictures from life related to a certain time of day. Life of children in preschool (regime moments). Children choose any one for themselves and carefully examine it. When they hear the word morning, the children pick up the picture and each one explains why he thinks it is morning, etc.

№ 19. Didactic game"Graphic dictation"

Target: formation of the eye and visual memory in children; development of fine motor skills; development of stable, focused attention, development of visual-motor coordination, arbitrariness, rhythm and accuracy of movements; education of hard work and perseverance.

№ 20. Didactic game"What changed?"

Target: to train children in correctly determining spatial location items: on the right, on the left, in front, behind, on the side, near, etc. Cultivate observation skills, develop figurative memory, activate the dictionary.

Rules games: changes in the arrangement of objects are called only by those children whom the puppet character points to.

Game actions: Rearrangement of objects behind the screen like this. so that children do not see; guessing using a puppet character.

Toys: matryoshka, pyramid, doll.

Move games: The game uses a toy - Parsley. Cheerful and mischievous. He constantly rearranges, moves something, and then forgets and asks the guys to tell him where he put his toys.

№ 21 Didactic game"Collect (complete the drawing) beads"

Target: develop visual perception of shape, memory, attention, fine motor skills of the fingers, repeat the names of colors, geometric shapes, improve the ability to highlight the size of objects.

Equipment: patterned cards, cardboard equivalents of geometric shapes, felt-tip pens or colored pencils.

Move games: The teacher hands out cards to the children and offers to complete the elements of the existing ones beads: “Look. The doll broke the beads. He just can't put it together. Think about which figure should be completed first? After? What kind of beads did you get?" The teacher checks and helps. In case of difficulties, the teacher draws the first version of the beads himself, suggesting the pattern of distribution of figures on the beads. You can not finish drawing the beads, but lay them out from the existing cardboard parts.

№ 22. Didactic game"Make a whole from parts"

Target: exercise the ability to compose a whole from individual parts, develop logical thinking.

Move games: problematic situation: The dolls' mirror broke. They ask the guys to repair it.

№ 23. Didactic game"Fold the pyramid according to the diagram"

Target: To develop the ability to assemble objects according to a pattern based on a schematic image; learn to analyze the structure of an object using its schematic representation; develop logical thinking, visual attention, imagination.

Material: one pyramid for each player, 4 cards with outline images of pyramids, assembled in different ways.

№ 24. Didactic game"What's extra? Why?"

Target games: teach children to find the “extra” object in each row of cards. Develop logical thinking, the ability to analyze, compare, generalize.

Material: cards.

Age: 4-6 years.

Move games: The child carefully examines the drawing. Educator asks: “Which item is missing here? Why?” The winner is the one who quickly identifies the inappropriate item and explains it correctly. For example, there will be dishes among the clothes.

"Find the differences", "Snowmen", "Houses", "Toys".

Target: Develop visual attention and observation in children.

Rules games: You need to look carefully at the drawing and point out. How do snowmen differ from each other? Two people play and he wins, who will indicate more differences in the drawings. The first player names a difference, then the second player is given the floor, etc. The game ends when one of the partners cannot name a new difference (previously not noted). You can start the game by reading the poem “Here is a little hare by the river standing on his hind legs. In front of him are snowmen with brooms and in hats. The hare is looking. He is quiet. He is only eating a carrot. But he cannot understand what is different between them.” Now look at what’s different about these snowmen.

Option 2: The players find the differences and place chips under their drawing, then name the differences.

№ 26. Didactic game"Counting sticks."

Target games: promote memorization and quick reproduction of the pattern. Develop fine motor skills and imagination.

Equipment: paper, counting sticks.

Age: 4-5 years.

Move games: 1 option: The teacher invites the children to lay out a figure on paper using chopsticks according to the model. Complication: The sample is shown for a few seconds and then removed. 2 option: Exercise children to independently make figures, think about the solution, and develop their imagination.

№ 27. Didactic game"What does it look like?"

Target: teach children to create an image in their imagination based on a schematic representation of objects.

Material: a set of 5-8 cards with various figures.

№ 28. Didactic game"Labyrinths"

Target: Develop children's perseverance and ability to concentrate, logical thinking, and dexterity.

Management: Gradually make the mazes more difficult (a more complex network of moves, an increase in the number of dead ends, branches). Together with your child, trace the moves using a pencil and then visually. Encouraging manifestations of sustained attention, concentration, and the desire to achieve a goal.

№ 29. Didactic game"Find the differences"

Target: Continue to develop the ability to compare objects, establish their similarities and differences (how are these items similar and different, etc.).

Continue to develop the ability to view objects sequentially. Develop attention, memory, thinking. Activate children's speech. Form organizations: individual or subgroup.

Methodical techniques: The main technique is looking at illustrations and having a conversation. Options games: Option No. 1 (integration with the educational field "Socialization") An adult shows the child an illustration and asks him to look at it, describe it, then asks him to look at the second part of the illustration. When looking at the second part, the illustration invites the child to find the differences and determine how they differ.

№30. Didactic game"Go through the gate"

Target: train children to form numbers from two smaller numbers.

Material: Large cards with various geometric shapes depicted on them (from one to four)- one for each child.

Content: Two children represent a gate - holding one or another card. The rest walk around the room with small cards. When the leader hits the tambourine, the players in pairs go through the gate (the pair is made up of children whose number of figures on the cards is equal to the number on the gate). It is better to start playing with the number 2, gradually increasing the number of players by adding two cards with the next number. In order to include children in the game more, you can make them not into pairs, but into fours.

Rules games: If the number is made incorrectly, you cannot go through the gate, it is closed.

Option games: More than one gate is shown (up to five). Players must only go through their own goal.

№31. Didactic game"What houses do friends live in?"

Target: strengthen the ability to distinguish different types polygons; cultivate determination in achieving goals, develop intelligence and attention.

Three friends: Kitten, Puppy and Cockerel settled in new homes. Guess who lives where? The Kitten's house has a square door, a quadrangular window, and a triangular chimney. In the puppy's house, the door is hexagonal, the window is rectangular, and the pipe is quadrangular. The cockerel lives in a house with a pentagonal door, a quadrangular window and a hexagonal pipe.

Answers: Kitten lives in house No. 3, Puppy - No. 5, Cockerel - 6.

№ 32 Didactic game"Live Numbers"

Target: counting exercise (forward and reverse) within 10.

Material: Cards with circles from 1 to 10 drawn on them.

Rules games: If any of the children is in the wrong place, he becomes the driver. If the driver makes a mistake, then he drives again. If the driver makes a mistake when counting three times, he leaves games.

Option games. "Numbers" are built in reverse order from 10 to 1.

№33. Didactic game"Guess which number is missing"

Target: Determine the place of the number in the natural series, name the missing number.

Material: Flannelograph, 1 cards with circles on them from 1 to 10 (on each card there are circles of a different color. Flags.

Content: The teacher arranges cards on a flannelgraph in the sequence of natural numbers. We invite the children to see how they stand, to see if any numbers are missing. then the guys close their eyes. and the teacher removes one card. After the children guess which number is missing, the teacher shows the hidden card and puts it in its place.

Rules games: Do not peek when the card is removed. Whoever notices which number is missing first gets a flag.

№ 34. Didactic game"What number is next?"

Target: Exercise children in determining the next and previous number to the named one.

Material: ball.

Rules games: If the child makes a mistake, everyone calls out the correct number in unison. The game continues.

Option games:

1. Children agree in advance what number will be call: previous or next.

2. Children name not one, but two numbers at once - both the previous and the next.

No. 35. Developmental games by B. P. Nikitin “Fold a square”, “Fold a pattern”, “Unicube”.

Target: to develop in children spatial concepts, imaginative thinking, the ability to combine, design, combine shape and color, adding planar and three-dimensional figures, develop creativity and independence.

Material: planar sample cards for planar figures; cubes painted in three bright colors - for three-dimensional figures.

Games to recreate figurative and plot images from geometric figures according to the image and one’s own plan.

1. "Tangram"

2. "Columbus Egg"

3. "Mongolian game"

4. "Vietnamese game"

1. Children get acquainted with the set of figures for the game, select the figures according to their shape, examine them, count them, and place them on top of each other.

2. According to the teacher, they make a square, a triangle (from two smaller ones, a quadrilateral) from triangles.

3. Compiling figures according to image and design.

4. Recreation of figures based on contour patterns.

Used literature:

1. L. A. Wenger, O. M. Dyachenko " Games and exercises to develop mental abilities in preschool children."

2. Z. A. Mikhailova "Game entertaining tasks for preschoolers."

3. V. V. Danilova, T. D. Richterman, Z. A. Mikhailova “Teaching mathematics in kindergarten.”

4. V. P. Novikova “Mathematics in kindergarten.”

5. V. Sotnikova “Child development in play activities.”

6. E. V. Solovyova “Numbers for you.”

7. Sorokina " Didactic games in kindergarten".

The development of children is one of the primary tasks of parents. At the same time, the most natural and most suitable form of learning for preschoolers is games. It is with the help of didactic entertaining activities that it is easiest for parents to “reach out” to the child, to find contact with him that allows him to stimulate development and knowledge of the world around him.

The concept of didactic games for preschoolers, their difference from other types of entertaining activities

Didactic games usually mean educational process, organized in an informal, fun way. Such activities differ from games in the classical sense in their focus on learning, and from lessons in the creation of a playful atmosphere, dressing educational procedures in an informal form.

During such classes, using pedagogical techniques, the systems, phenomena and processes being studied are modeled.

Achievable goals

Different didactic activities are used for children of different ages. At the same time, the goals they pursue do not depend too much on their age group. Such entertaining training is aimed at the following blocks of development:

• mental;
• moral;
• labor;
• aesthetic;
• physical.

The differences between games intended for children of different ages will lie, first of all, in complexity.

Considering that most people perceive visual information best, a way of getting to know the world around us based on pictures is quite effective

Thus, for mental development, games are used that teach children knowledge about the world, systematize and expand this knowledge. For preschoolers of younger groups, it is advisable to use educational and entertaining activities aimed at developing sensory education, since tactile experience of perceiving the world around them is a mandatory basis, on the basis of which older preschoolers can be offered a more complex game that systematizes and deepens the primary knowledge gained through tactile experience .

During games aimed at labor education, first of all, an understanding of the need to work, respect for other people’s work and an understanding of the principles of cause-and-effect relationships between the preparatory and final stages of the labor process should be developed.

Such images are cut out, mixed, and the children themselves arrange them in the correct order.

As for games aimed at moral education, the goals for children of different ages will differ significantly:

• It is important to instill cultural and hygienic skills in younger preschoolers;
• Older kindergarteners need to be introduced to moral feelings and attitudes.

What place do didactic games occupy in the work of kindergartens?

Different preschool educational institutions have different attitudes towards conducting educational and entertaining activities. In one form or another, such entertaining training is presented in almost every such institution, but the quality of its preparation and delivery may vary significantly.

Saturated colors with a predominance of positive yellow make the educational game even more interesting

The most advanced institutions involved in preschool education today integrate such activities into the educational process as closely as possible, reinforcing with them the basic theoretical skills of preschoolers.

Experts consider the optimal time for play to be the morning and the hours following the afternoon nap, since due to children's interest, these activities significantly increase the mental and physical activity of children after waking up.

Classification of didactic recreational activities

Educational and entertaining activities can be analyzed according to various criteria. For example, if we take the goal of such an activity as a criterion, the classification will be presented in the following form:

• games for mental education - “name one word”, “name three objects” (aimed at the ability to build relationships, look for synonyms and antonyms);
• entertaining activities for moral education;
• games for labor development - “who built this house” (children become familiar with the need to draw up drawings for the construction of a building);
• entertaining activities for aesthetic education;
• games for physical development.

A physical game with educational elements, in which children need to stay on an area of ​​a certain color, develops not only the mind, but also the body of a preschooler

Another classification will be based directly on the process of the game, and not on its goal:

• playing with objects - the advantage of this type of informal activity is that natural material is used as attributes, for example, leaves, stones, pine cones, flowers. Based on the use of these attributes, the child builds the process itself (“describe the object”, “what is this?”, “what comes first?”);
• board game - a very diverse type of educational activities, including those aimed at developing speech skills, logic, attention, the ability to model and make decisions (“lotto”, “dominoes”, “paired pictures”);
• verbal entertaining activity - aimed at developing children's independence, thinking and speech, teaching them to describe objects, highlight dominant features, and guess words from their verbal description.

Types of educational games for preschoolers of junior, middle and senior groups

For the little ones, games related to tactile perception of the world around them are best suited. For example, “collect a basket.” Due to such an entertaining process, the ability to cognize life around and separate the objects and phenomena present in it occurs. This is the basis for further knowledge.

Video: didactic game “Assemble a basket”

More suitable for older children challenging games . For example, “Who Eats What”: in its process, preschoolers match pictures of animals with foods that they can eat, and connect them with clothespins.

Video: Didactic game “Who eats what”

For the oldest group, it is advisable to use verbal informal learning, using not concrete objects or animals, but more abstract concepts, for example, a square or a circle.

Video: math game in the senior group of kindergarten

Card files of educational and entertaining activities for different age groups

Different didactic games are suitable for different age groups, aimed at developing the different abilities of children. Among the games presented in the table below are “Like - not like”, “what’s superfluous” and “ grocery store"are recommended for older children, but one way or another, all such informal learning can be adapted for preschoolers of different ages.

How to make educational games for children with your own hands

When preparing educational and entertaining activities for preschoolers on their own, it is important to follow a number of principles. So, in accordance with them, such classes should be:

• systemic - for teaching children to build cause-and-effect relationships;
• becoming more complex - for the progressive intellectual development of the child;
• have the property of repetition - since not every preschooler will remember and learn the rules of the game the first time;
• voluntary - such entertainment should be selected taking into account the interests and desires of the children;
• have an element of mystery - the didactic task being achieved must be disguised by the game process;
• updated - each subsequent game should be supplemented with new elements so that the child does not get bored.

Moreover, given the abundance of children's magazines and books with bright pictures, as well as additional resources such as colored cardboard or toys, making materials for such activities yourself is not particularly difficult.

Video: didactic sensory games, do it yourself

The most popular and suitable for self-study For children, games like “Loto” and “Lace” should be called.

“Loto” is easy to adapt to specific needs. For example, it is very important to instill cultural and hygienic skills in preschoolers aged 3–5 years. According to its rules, children are given lined playing fields with a picture in the center and a set of pictures, some of which are related to the one placed in the center of the field, others are not. Children must fill in the spaces around this main picture with words that match its meaning. So, if you use it to make, for example, a drawing of “Moidodyr”, then the child will need to “surround” it with images of soap, toothbrushes, etc. When adding pictures to the margins, children need to explain why they decided that this particular image fits the meaning central picture.

Video: board game for children “Loto”

Another game, Lacing, is aimed at developing fine motor skills. Suitable attributes can be any details of a suitable size, not too large, but not too small, that need to be sewn onto clothes: buttons, overlays, etc. Such entertaining training can be supplemented and modified: for example, take lacing of different colors and install them in As a rule, different parts should be sewn with threads of suitable colors. This way the child will develop knowledge about colors.

Video: educational game “Tree-lacing”

Thus, in the form of a didactic game there is hidden enormous potential for the development of children of different ages. It is important to follow a systematic approach to the selection of these entertaining and educational activities, paying attention to all aspects of child development. At the same time, it is important to respect the age limit in order to increase the effectiveness of this useful entertainment. “Work is what a person is obliged to do, but Play is what he is not obliged to do,” as Mark Twain said, and it is important to skillfully give one after another. It should be remembered that children's involvement and interest are key factors that determine the benefits of play and preschoolers' active perception of new knowledge and skills through this informal process.

Katya Shlyakhina

The leading activity of preschool children is play. Didactic the game is verbose, complex, pedagogical phenomenon: it is both a game method of teaching preschool children, and a form of teaching children, and an independent play activity, and a means of comprehensive education of a child.

Didactic games promote:

Development of cognitive and mental abilities children: obtaining new knowledge, generalizing and consolidating it, expanding their existing ideas about objects and natural phenomena, plants, animals; development of memory, attention, observation; development of the ability to express your judgments, draw conclusions.

- development of children's speech: replenishment and activation of the dictionary.

Social and moral development of the child - preschooler: in such a game, knowledge of the relationships between children, adults, objects of living and inanimate nature occurs, in it the child shows a sensitive attitude towards peers, learns to be fair, to give in if necessary, learns to sympathize, etc.

In my work I widely use didactic games that I create with your own hands. They are valuable because we create many of them together with children, thereby increasing the interest in games.

I present to your attention some of the them:

1Game: "Grandma's yard."

Target: help memorize the names of pets, create conditions for play activities.

Given didactic The manual is used in educational activities, in individual work with children, and in children’s independent play activities.

2 GAME "Development game".

Didactic Playing with colored caps promotes the child’s sensory development, speech development, thinking, logic, attention, memory, perception, fine motor skills, and broadens children’s horizons.

While playing, the child learns to compare, compare, establish simple patterns, and make independent decisions.

3 GAME "Mathematical scoreboard".

Methodological development games created in the context of implementation teaching experience on this topic- didactic games, as a means of corrective development of mathematical skills and abilities in preschoolers.

Target: Creating conditions for the formation of elementary mathematical concepts about figures, numbers, and counting. Sensory development through sensory play activities with didactic game.

4 Game "Thorns for Hedgehogs".

GAMES WITH CLOTCHES - develop fine motor skills, spatial imagination, contribute to the development of intelligence, thinking and the development of speech.

5 Game "Feed the animals"

Educational game on clothespins "feed the animals". Material: clothespins; printed pictures from the Internet of animals and their food. We cut out the animals and glue them to clothespins, and glue food onto the circle. This game reinforces knowledge about domestic animals (their names, who eats what, and clothespins also develop hand motor skills, which is very important for a child. The game also promotes the development of intelligence and ingenuity. This game can be played by one child, or two or two at a time. three children at the same time, this contributes to the development of collectivism in the group.

6 GAME "Guess what's inside."

For games We use plastic containers from "Kinder Surprises" into which we pour various cereals - peas, beans, semolina and buckwheat, rice, etc., invite the child to find out by ear what is in the kinder and put it on the picture with the image of the filler. Children are immensely happy when the contents of the kinder and the picture match.

7 GAME "Collect matryoshka dolls."

Target:Teach children to arrange objects in ascending order.

8 Game "Geometric Lotto for Little Ones"

Target:

Develop logical thinking in children.

Tasks:

Develop children's understanding of geometric figures: circle, square, triangle.

Develop the ability to identify the main features figures: color, shape, size.

To develop the ability to compose a drawing from geometric shapes according to a model.

Publications on the topic:

Playing with traffic jams has a beneficial effect on the development of fine motor skills. Screwing and unscrewing them develops the hand and wrist. For awakening.

Hello, dear colleagues and MAAAAM members! I would like to show you some didactic games for the development of sensory abilities in our first one.

Dear Colleagues! I bring to your attention didactic games for the 2nd junior group, made with my own hands. All games are quite simple.

In childhood, a child has a need to play. And it must be satisfied not because business has time, fun has an hour, but because...

Starting from the very early age The child actively explores the world, exploring everything that happens around him. Therefore, didactic games are of the utmost importance.

The leading activity of a preschooler is play, with the help of which the child learns the world. It is generally accepted that a gaming deficit negatively affects the development of a child’s personality. A preschooler spends a significant part of his time in kindergarten among his peers, under the supervision of teachers. Only a teacher who is proficient in gaming technologies can achieve high results in working with children.

The importance of didactic games in kindergarten

The required minimum of teacher competencies is the ability to distinguish a didactic game (DI) from other game forms, knowledge of its structure, types, card files of basic games, and basic regulatory requirements. Using gaming technologies, the teacher should not forget that while playing, the child satisfies his key needs, masters activities such as work and study, and develops and forms as a person. Therefore, the teacher must approach the organization of children’s play activities responsibly, relying on basic pedagogical knowledge.

The concept of a didactic game

The activity of preschoolers has different shapes, one of them is play activity. For a teacher, a game is both a tool for teaching and upbringing, and a form of organizing the lives of children in preschool educational institution(DOW). It is a scientifically substantiated and practically confirmed fact that play is the most productive form of activity or direct educational activity (ED) for preschoolers.

GCD in preschool educational institutions is carried out in accordance with sanitary rules and standards (SANPIN 2.4.1.3049–13), which determine, in particular, their duration (up to 10 minutes for children, up to 30 minutes for older age groups). Note that not all games for preschoolers are didactic (they are also called subject-specific or educational). S. L. Novoselova in the “Origins” program (1997) classifies games based on who initiates them - an adult or a child. Signs by which it is easy to distinguish DI:

• its initiator will always be an adult (teacher);
• such a game is aimed at solving an educational problem (“didactics” translated from ancient Greek - teaching);
• For children, the educational nature of the game should not be obvious.

In the game, preschoolers explore the world and learn to interact

It is important for the educator to understand that the educational results he wants to obtain depend on the fact that the preschooler does not know about the need to achieve them. In a gaming situation, the very possibility of activity, success, and pleasure is important to the child. Educational results are for him side effect, learning occurs unintentionally. It’s a big mistake to start the game with the words: “Your game task is to learn to distinguish colors and find objects based on this characteristic.”

Educational games have a long history, contain elements of folklore and reflect national characteristics. Such games as “Ladushki”, “The White-sided Magpie”, “The Lady” and others have survived to this day. Ancestors laid educational meaning and educational character into games, thereby passing on life experience from generation to generation, preparing children for early adult life. Currently, such games are aimed not so much at preparing preschoolers for adult life, but at organizing leisure time.

Structure of the didactic game

The productivity of DI presupposes knowledge of its structure and understanding of the connections between the main structural elements. There are 3 such elements:

• Educational/didactic task. In the game process, the teacher includes specific learning tasks that are adequate to the form and content of the game, the age group of the children: consolidation of synonymous words in the child’s active dictionary, development of fine motor skills, formation of ideas about color, and many others. What the task is can often be determined by the name of the game: “Assemble the puzzle”, “Guess the musical instrument”, “Name the object”. Let us remind you that the educational task of a didactic game for a child is hidden. When playing, a 5-6 year old child does not seek to learn something, he is interested in the final result (winning) and having fun. Kids are not even interested in winning; they are curious about the process of gaming interaction.
• Play actions, i.e. ways of showing the child’s activity in the game. For kids, play actions are very simple (disassemble/assemble a simple object; guess the source of the sound, find a pair); Older children are required to take more complex actions (show care, choose the correct option from a variety, name a phenomenon); in the games of children of older groups, actions of an analytical and creative nature predominate (correlate, generalize, classify, invent).
• Rules of the game. It is important to understand that all participants, including adults, must follow the rules. The rules are determined by the educational and subject content of the game, the tasks inherent in the game, the complexity or simplicity of game actions largely depends on them. The rules of the game are determined by the initiator.

Types of didactic games

Some didactic games may include integrated tasks on speech development, the environment, mathematics and art

Based on the material used, teachers divide DI into groups:

• didactic games with objects,
• printed board games,
• word games.

Didactic games with objects

Items in these games are educational material. Toys, household items, natural materials, works of decorative and applied art - everything can be used. Creativity teacher allows you to organize an excellent game, using high-tech industrial toys, special gaming complexes (for example, the play set “Froebel’s Gifts”), and any available materials, even what is usually thrown away as garbage (lids, chocolate egg cases, shreds) and literally lies under your feet (leaves, pebbles). Variations of games with objects will be dramatizations, plot-didactic and didactic games with motor-oriented toys (pyramids, nesting dolls, cubes).

Ordinary pebbles painted with acrylic paints can be used as a teaching material.

August Froebel is a famous German teacher. It was he who coined the expression “children are the flowers of life.” He proceeded from the premise that “good gardeners” should raise children.

Play sets such as Froebel's Gifts, included in the Montessori school materials, develop fine motor skills, color perception, logical thinking and other abilities of preschoolers

If we talk about educational tasks solved during DI with subjects, then, first of all, they develop mental operations child. Children develop the ability to analyze, they learn to find commonalities in objects and distinguish between them, and master the skills of handling different objects. Games with objects expand erudition and horizons, cultivate self-control of behavior and attention. Games aimed at physical development improve coordination, fine and gross motor skills.

The teacher, by modifying the content of the game, can achieve solutions to problems of varying complexity. Let's look at the example of the game “Wonderful Bag”.

Table: example of complicating the game depending on the age of the students

Board-printed games

These games help solve important educational problems:

• broaden their horizons and clarify the child’s ideas about the world around them;
• systematize existing knowledge;
• develop thought processes, logic, attentiveness;
• stimulate the imagination.

1. Pupils of younger groups are offered pictures for easy recognition.
   

   Such pictures with images of animals are intended for easy recognition when working with younger preschoolers

2. A more complex version of the same game could be like this: the animals are not presented in full color, but in the form of shadows and moved from previous places.
   

   The illustration shows a more complex version of the pictures, aimed at recognizing animals by their shadow

3. The most difficult version of the game: children must guess the animal based on its outline.
   

   The illustration shows pictures that guide children to recognize animals by their contours

In addition to games with pictures, other board games are widespread - various lotto games, Maze-type games, construction sets, mosaics. These are mainly group games, so they have a competitive effect that stimulates children, for example, who can complete the maze the fastest. Older preschoolers are increasingly offered didactic computer games, which fully corresponds to the spirit of the times, the practice of using business games in a simplified version is being actively introduced. Puzzles have become very popular.

Puzzles (from the English puzzle) are a game of endurance. The first puzzles were wooden and represented a map of England; they were made by the English engraver Spilsbury in 1763. These puzzles were used in school as a teaching aid and were very expensive. Only 100 years later, puzzles began to be made from cardboard and they became widely available.

The range of lotto from different manufacturers is very wide - from classic games to selection of associations.

For younger preschoolers simple lotto games are suitable, aimed at studying objects of the immediate environment, flora and fauna

More complex versions of the Lotto game, which form the basis of literacy, counting, understanding of the world around us, etc., are intended for children of older groups.

Older preschoolers will be interested in games containing new information

Word games

They are characterized by the fact that the child’s solution to a learning task occurs as a thought process. While playing, the child imagines, fantasizes, mobilizes his existing knowledge without the help of game material, without any visual aid. During such a game, the auditory (auditory) channel of information perception is involved, which helps to solve such problems as the formation of attention, the development of speech, reaction speed, understanding of humor, allegories, and allegories. Due to the indicated specifics of word games, they are somewhat difficult for children and are more often used when working with older children.

Among the verbal games there are many folk nursery rhymes, riddles, and jokes. As information material for word games, the teacher can use poems and short excerpts from works of art. The teacher can develop his own version of a word game or use ready-made developments, for example, by A. I. Sorokina, O. M. Dyachenko and other authors.

The attribute of many verbal games is a ball, which allows students to take turns speaking

Card index of didactic games

Modern preschool educational institutions operate in strict accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO). The Standard states that preschool institutions must ensure the social, communicative, cognitive, speech, artistic, aesthetic and physical development of children (clause 2.6.). Therefore, when developing a calendar-thematic plan for educational activities, the educator must take into account the classes implemented in the form of DI. Thematic plan should include games that, in their educational objectives, meet the requirements of the standard.

Table: card index of didactic games in junior groups

Table: card index of didactic games in the middle group

Table: card index of didactic games for older preschoolers

Note that the names of games, tasks and descriptions given in the card indexes can be specified and supplemented depending on the game situations, individual characteristics of the participants, as well as the desire of the teacher to mobilize their professional and personal potential when conducting classes in a game form. Game attributes can be very diverse, right down to improvised materials. The teacher can use game material in ready-made form, or can make it himself, including with the help of children, but for verbal games no material is required at all.

Preparing and conducting a didactic game

Conducting a didactic game is preceded by its development in the form of a summary. The abstract is compiled according to a certain scheme. Please note that there are no strict requirements for the abstract, but the following structure is generally accepted (see table).

The didactic game is built according to a certain plan

Table: structure of the didactic game outline

Table: example of a summary of a didactic game in the middle group (fragments)

Video: musical and didactic game in the younger group

Video: didactic game in mathematics in the middle group

Video: didactic game on patriotic education

Analysis and evaluation of didactic games in kindergarten

DI has a great semantic load and importance in the formation of a child’s personality, so it must be effective. The assessment is carried out on the following key points:

• the feasibility of carrying out this particular game with specific children;
• compliance of educational tasks with the age and psychophysiological characteristics of students;

Didactic material must be safe, aesthetic and appropriate for the age of the students

Questions about the methodology for conducting the game itself also require an answer: what is the role of the teacher as an initiator and leader, what methods of coordinating and organizing children’s play activities were used.

Table: sample protocol for evaluating a didactic game

Age group
Amount of children
Name of the game
Educator
date
Questions for analysis	Activity analysis
Game start time
Didactic tasks
Number of children playing
Who is the initiator of the game
Game material
Children's understanding and acceptance of didactic tasks
Children following rules
Compliance with ethical standards of behavior (underline)	Goodwill, responsiveness, sensitivity, mutual assistance, ability to negotiate, empathy, justice.
Presence of negative qualities (emphasize)	Conflict and its resolution, aggressiveness, disputes, the desire to always be first, rudeness in handling.
The role of the educator	Plays with the children watches the games distributes roles, helps with advice, asking questions, corrects children's activities.
End of the game, summing up
Game duration
Notes, suggestions
Quote via: https://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/upravlenie-dou/2018/01/05/karta-analiza-didakticheskoy-igry

Organization of leisure time for children in preschool educational institutions through didactic games

In addition to the fact that the didactic game is a form of organizing educational activities in kindergarten, it is also good way organize leisure time for preschoolers outside of classes, mainly in the afternoon. The most suitable games for these purposes would be quiz games. They do not require special preparation, complex gaming material and can be exclusively verbal. When conducting quiz games, it is important to focus on the average and low level children’s erudition, especially if the topic is new, complicating the questions gradually, focusing on the increasing intellectual baggage of the students.

DI can also be built into the holiday script. Guests present, for example, parents, can be involved in such a game. You should not miss the opportunity to solve the problems of teaching and raising children during holidays and other entertainment events. Evenings of musical and didactic games can be organized in kindergarten. The scenario for such an evening is based on the principle of the game “Guess the melody”, “Continue the verse”, “Guess who is singing?” etc.

If a holiday in a kindergarten is held by invited animators, it is advisable to discuss the script in advance and, if necessary, make adjustments.

Example scripts

Examples of leisure and entertainment scenarios with educational games in preschool educational institutions:

• Summer leisure for children of primary preschool age “On a visit to the bear cub” (Chernikova N.V.). Goal: creating a favorable emotional state in children through the activation of musical and motor activity.
• Sports entertainment “A fairy tale helps us to play sports” (Alekseevtseva E.V.). Pupils develop basic physical qualities in a playful way: strength, agility, speed, endurance, coordination of movements, accuracy.
• Thematic leisure for older preschoolers “Traveling with play” (Nekrasova G.V.). The event is aimed at creating positive motivation for the development of children's dynamic activity, patriotism and empathy, and gender tolerance.
• Musical entertainment in senior group“Miracle Tree” (Osipova M. L.). Goal: to systematize children’s knowledge with the help of musical and didactic games.

A didactic game for a teacher is an effective method of achieving educational goals. Preschoolers carry out game tasks with enthusiasm and at the same time develop the necessary skills for further successful socialization.