Absorber vaz 2115 principle of operation. Adsorber: device, principle of operation and malfunctions

Consider on plain language how the adsorber works on a car, what kind of adsorber malfunctions can be, and also how easy it is to check the adsorber valve.

Many motorists do not know at all what an adsorber is and, even more so, why it is needed and whether it is installed on their car. Also, most underestimate this node and consider it secondary in the car device.

Misconceptions are also found in understanding the principle of operation of the adsorber purge valve.

Adsorber operation

I will try to briefly and clearly explain the principle of operation of the adsorber and the purge valve. This node is poorly described on the Internet and erroneous opinions on the principle of its operation are very common.

The adsorber is primarily designed to reduce pollution environment vapors of gasoline. Everyone knows that gasoline evaporates very well. So, on cars without an adsorber, gasoline evaporates into the atmosphere, and on cars with an adsorber, these vapors are burned in the engine cylinders.

The principle of operation of the adsorber different cars the same, the difference is only in the shape and location of the adsorber and the purge valve. For some, it is installed in the engine compartment, and, for example, for the Lacetti, under the bottom near the rear wheel, and the purge valve is in the engine compartment.

Fuel vapors from the tank enter the adsorber (a container with activated carbon) through the fitting marked "TANK", where they accumulate while the engine is not running. The second canister fitting with the inscription "PURGE" is connected by a tube to the canister purge valve, and the third one with the inscription "AIR" is connected to the atmosphere.

1 - vent fitting AIR, 2 - fitting TANK of the pipe for supplying fuel vapor from the tank to the adsorber, 3 - fitting PURGE of the pipe for removing fuel vapor from the adsorber to the valve

When the engine is stopped, the purge solenoid valve is closed, in which case the adsorber does not communicate with the intake manifold.

When the engine is running, the electronic unit, controlling the solenoid valve, purges the adsorber with fresh air due to rarefaction in the intake manifold. That is, the vapors are sucked out of the adsorber.

Gasoline vapors are mixed with air and discharged into the intake manifold by the throttle and then enter the engine cylinders.

The principle of operation of the adsorber

Many mistakenly believe that when the engine is started, voltage is immediately applied to the adsorber valve and it opens, purging the adsorber. I even saw “guides” and “training videos” about this. In fact, the purge valve is controlled by the ECU according to special algorithms based on the readings of temperature sensors, air flow, etc.

The greater the air consumption of the engine, the longer the duration of the control pulses of the ECU and the more intense the purge.

It is impulses, and not just voltage supply! Therefore, there is such a thing as “adsorber purge duty cycle”, which ranges from 0% to 100%.

Here is the adsorber purge duty cycle in the Chevrolet Explorer diagnostic program. For the entire trip, this is only the first ECU signal to purge, equal to only 6%. So this is a complex and important process in the operation of the engine.

Adsorber malfunctions

Cases of engine malfunctions due to the fault of the adsorber valve occur and they pay attention to it only when there is nothing else to change

Therefore, diagnosing and checking the performance of the adsorber purge valve is very important. Moreover, it is very simple and does not require any supernatural knowledge.

adsorber valve. How to check it

The principle of verification on most cars is the same, but we will look at the example of the Chevrolet Lacetti.

Problems with the canister purge valve can be divided into several main points:

• no impulses coming to the valve
• valve coil failure
• valve stuck open
• valve sticking in the closed position

It is very simple to check the pulses, wiring and winding of the valve, in the tab “mechanism control - test the adsorber purge valve”. When you click on the "ON" button in the program diagram, we will see the following signals

This means that the ECU is giving a command to the valve. Along with this, the sound of clicks will come from the valve in time with these signals, which, in turn, means that the pulses reach the valve and the winding is intact, since the valve is triggered.

By the way, if you don’t have a diagnostic adapter yet, then I advise you to read and.

The electrical part is correct. We checked this. But to be sure that the valve is not physically stuck, it can be removed and checked. It is dismantled very easily and it takes me no more than 30 seconds.

Two tubes and a block with two wires are connected to the valve. The valve itself is not even screwed, but simply inserted into its workplace.

In the photo, one tube has already been removed.

To remove the valve, it is enough to pull off the two tubes marked with a green and a red arrow (the red one has already been removed, and the green one is hard to see from this angle). The tubes are removed simply and easily without any clamps.

Then press the metal latch and unfasten the wire block (shown by the yellow arrow)

After that, press on the fitting shown by the red arrow and the valve will come out of its seat

The valve is normally closed, i.e. without voltage it does not let air through. Anyone needs to check this. accessible way- a rubber bulb, an inflatable ball, etc.

I had a syringe and a piece of a vacuum tube left after .

When moving the syringe plunger, resistance should be felt, and the plunger itself tends to return to its original position, which means the valve is sealed. When removing the tube from the syringe, a characteristic puff should be heard. This means that the adsorber valve is closed hermetically.

It remains to check only the opening of the valve. To do this, we take two wires with such mini-mothers

And connect to the adsorber valve connector. You can neatly and simply wire without a tip.

We move the syringe plunger and connect the wires to battery. When connected, the same zilch should be heard, which means that the valve has opened and relieved pressure.

It happens that the valve does not open. Then just change it to the correct one.

That's all the simple methods on how to check the adsorber valve.

Peace and smooth roads to all!!!

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When gasoline comes into contact with air, vapors are released, which, when released into the atmosphere, worsen the environment. To capture them, an adsorber is installed in the ventilation system. In a number of European countries, the use of this device in a car is mandatory at the legislative level and is determined by the action of environmental standards Euro-2 and higher. Knowing the adsorber device and why it is needed, you can easily identify malfunctions, as well as better understand its advantages.

What is an adsorber and EVAP system

Many motorists call a device for absorbing fuel vapors an "absorber", but this is wrong, since the name "adsorber" comes from the Latin words "ad" (in the lane - "on") and "sorbeo" (in the lane - "I absorb") , which together means "surface absorption" (accumulation on the surface). In turn, the absorber absorbs the entire volume and cannot be used in this case.

Evaporative Emission System Schematic

Since most of the vapor accumulates in fuel tank, then the adsorber is located not far from it. In fact, it is part of an entire EVAP system. The latter consists of the following elements:

• Gasoline vapor separator.
• The adsorbent element is a container with an adsorbent substance.
• Vent valve.
• Canister purge solenoid valve (located between the canister and intake manifold).
• Pipelines and hoses for connection to the fuel tank, intake manifold and atmosphere.

In addition to the main elements, the EVAP system is part of the OBD-II on-board diagnostic system and includes a number of sensors (fuel vapor, pressure) and an electronic control unit (ECU) that actuates a solenoid valve.

Types and principle of operation of the adsorber

Depending on the substance used, several types of adsorbers are distinguished:

• with a fixed granular adsorbent medium fractions;
• with a mobile granular adsorbent of medium fractions;
• with a fine-grained adsorbent in which the lower layer is in a state of boiling.

The most popular is the first type of systems in which activated carbon is used as an absorbing component.
The adsorber has three exits for connection of pipelines. The first one is for gasoline vapors, the second one is connected to the solenoid valve, and the third one is connected to the air filter, which provides the pressure drop necessary for purging.

How EVAP works:

1. The vehicle is at rest, the engine is off.
2. In the fuel tank, gasoline vapors are naturally released, which rise to the top and accumulate at the neck.
3. In this zone of the tank there is a separator that separates the liquid component, which settles in the form of condensate and is discharged back into the gas tank with special tubes.
4. The rest of the vapors, which have not settled in the form of condensate, pass through the steam line, falling into the adsorbing element. They gradually accumulate on the surface of the adsorbent.
5. The driver starts the engine and when the set crankshaft speed is reached, the canister purge solenoid valve starts working. When the car is idling, the valve does not work.
6. Through the vent valve, air enters the adsorption element due to the pressure difference (between the intake manifold and the atmosphere), and purge is performed.
7. Air and gasoline vapors from the adsorber are fed into the combustion chamber of the engine.

Symptoms of an adsorber malfunction

The main malfunction of the adsorber is the contamination of the absorbing element, which occurs naturally. In this case, the pressure in the tank will increase, since the vapors will not be removed. characteristic feature this will hiss when you open the gas tank cap. The drop in engine speed, which is noted by many motorists, can also be the cause of clogging of the adsorber.

Another important malfunction may be a violation of the tightness of the solenoid valve. In this case, the adsorber sensor may give an error " check engine through the diagnostic system. A sign of a violation of the tightness of the solenoid valve is the difficulty of starting the engine the first time, as well as with an incomplete fuel tank. You can fix this damage in service center.

Recently, more and more new devices have appeared in cars, and the absorber is one of them. To comply with the Euro-3 environmental standard, it is required for all vehicles to have equipment that prevents the entry into the atmosphere of hazardous substances that are formed as a result of fuel combustion.

The absorber is of the greatest importance in capturing and processing waste vapors in the machine. Its device and the basic principles of operation should be known to every car owner.

Types of used absorbers

The topic of environmental protection is relevant for our country. Everyone should do it, especially owners of cars with engines internal combustion. Tons of harmful substances emitted annually into the atmosphere do not make the world around cleaner and better.

To improve the environmental situation for each vehicle an EVAP system is installed, in which the central place is given to the absorber. Classification depending on the type of absorbent component.

1. Fixed granular absorbent is used;

2. Mobile granular absorbent is used;

3. A fine-grained absorbent is used, with a constantly boiling bottom layer.

Most automakers use devices that have the first type of design, since it has been proven to be the most effective. Designs of the second and third types also trap spent fuel vapors.

Their main disadvantage is the possibility of absorbent particles entering the atmosphere with spent fuel vapors. Therefore, in order to maintain an effective working condition, the volume of absorbent in the models with mobile and boiling states needs to be checked regularly. To do this, the absorber must be dismantled.

The device of the absorbent element of the car

Externally, the absorber looks like an oblong metal can with two tubes. Through the first, the vapors to be processed are fed in, and condensate is discharged through the second. Inside the main body, which has a cylindrical shape and is divided inside by a steel separator into two unequal parts, an absorbent and an evaporator are placed.

The separator covers ¾ of the inner diameter, which makes it possible for the coolant to flow freely through the cylinder. The absorber consists of a generator and a condenser. To exclude their contact, they are separated by an inclined plate. The separator has one half - solid, the second - perforated.

This design allows the absorbent to be condensed and returned if it evaporates. This allows you to maintain the volume of the absorbent. Settling drops of refrigerant, support it stable pressure. Subsequently, they burn out in the motor.

Functioning principles of absorbers

Now let's look at how the absorber works on a car. The absorber is located above, the evaporator below it. Due to the passage of the refrigerant through the tubes, the condensed liquid flows down. Having worked out the cooler enters the evaporator tubes. Mixed with the absorbent solution, it enters the heat generator.

When heated, the refrigerant separates. In the condenser, water and saturated absorbent are separated from the steam. The separated vapors enter the fuel tank.

Due to the location of the absorber before the catalyst, the fuel vapors collected by it bypass the exhaust manifold and the catalyst. Due to this, the catalyst keeps working longer. When the solenoid valve is opened in the absorber, it is purged with air. The vapors accumulated in it enter the engine for recycling.

Characteristics of the working absorber

Consider some characteristics that allow us to judge the performance of the absorber.

When not in use, the pressure inside the housing must equalize with atmospheric pressure.

To prevent entrainment of the absorbent during the passage of the refrigerant, the absorbent liquid must have a stable consistency.

To be able to control the flow of the refrigerant, it must have a constant temperature.

Both liquids must be mutually soluble.

A prerequisite is high-quality mixture formation between the evaporator and the refrigerant.

Both fluids used must be chemically stable and completely safe.

Used absorbents and coolants

In modern technology, absorbers use two options for combining evaporators and absorbents. Firstly, ammonia can be used as a coolant, water acts as an absorbent. The second mixture uses water and lithium bromide. Both mixtures have approximately the same performance.

Activated carbon is often used as a dry absorbent. The choice is left to the automaker.

Thus, the absorber significantly reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and allows you to slightly save fuel.

According to the European environmental standard "Euro-3", the emission of hydrocarbon vapors into the atmosphere, which occur during the evaporation of gasoline, is prohibited. With this in mind, scientists have come up with a device that allows you to capture and neutralize the above pairs.

This "saving" device was the so-called adsorber or, as some call it, the "absorber" (from the word absorbent - capable of absorbing, in part, this name can also be considered correct), it is installed in the car's fuel system in order to eliminate harmful vapors that occur as a result of the evaporation of gasoline.

Today, we will try to answer the most popular questions related to the adsorber, so that you find out what it is, why you need it and How does a fuel canister work?. As an example, we take the VAZ 2110.

As an absorbent that absorbs hydrocarbon vapors, coal is used, which is used to fill the adsorber tank. Where do couples come from? Vapors, as mentioned above, emit gasoline due to heating of the fuel and constant shaking during movement, the vapors rise up, then, through the hole in the tank neck, they enter the separator. In the separator, the vapors condense and flow back into the tank, and part of the gases that did not have time to change from a gaseous state to a liquid state or, simply put, become condensate, enters through the steam pipeline into the gravity valve and directly into the adsorber, which it neutralizes with activated carbon. This process occurs at a time when the motor is not running.

If the engine is running, the control system, by opening the solenoid valve, purges the canister, after which harmful vapors, together with air, are emitted into the intake pipe, where they are burned.

The benefits of such a system are twofold, since, first of all, there is no pollution of the atmosphere with harmful fumes, in addition, fuel is saved, since gasoline does not evaporate, but returns through the separator to the tank.

What does the adsorber VAZ 2110 consist of?

• Steam pipes and hoses;
• Pipe for draining gasoline;
• Purge valve;
• Separator;
• gravity valve;
• Adsorber (activated carbon).

Common faults canister fuel system

Like any filter, and the adsorber can be called a filter, the filter element becomes contaminated over time, after which the performance of this device decreases.

Symptoms of an adsorber malfunction:

Where is the adsorber located on the VAZ 2110?

In order to find the adsorber, you need to lift the hood and look in the near left corner, there you will see a small black cylindrical jar.

Replacing the adsorber VAZ 2110- the procedure is simple, it consists in buying a new adsorber, removing the old one and connecting all the hoses in accordance with the way they were connected.

That's all for me, the article about the adsorber has come to an end, who liked it, comment and share the article on social networks using the special buttons at the bottom of the article. Thank you for your attention, see you soon at VAZ Repair.

With the advent of vehicles that meet the Euro 3 environmental standard, auto designers faced the task of creating a device that traps hydrocarbon vapors in order to prevent their penetration into the atmosphere. So in many cars, including domestic ones, an adsorber began to appear. What is it and how does this part work? Find out the answers to all these questions in our article.

Where it is located?

Such a detail as an adsorber is a small black jar several centimeters high. It is installed on almost all cars under the air intake on the right side of the engine compartment.

Adsorption characteristic

What is an adsorber for? In general, adsorption is the process of absorbing gases with the help of liquid or solids. In our case, the main element that “absorbs” vapors in the fuel system is coal. They fill part of this device.

Adsorber - what is it? visual characteristic

The very word "adsorber" in translation from English means "amortize", "absorb". By design, this part is an energy-absorbing plate. Outwardly, you can not immediately determine that the bumper is not solid - inside it there is a special filler made of polymeric materials.

This part of the device (bumper) is considered the main one and converts mechanical energy into thermal energy, which is then dissipated in the external environment. A great responsibility is assigned to the plate, which is located in the adsorber, so many manufacturers place such stringent requirements on it. technical specifications and properties of the device as a whole.

The main material used in the manufacture of this element is cellular plastic or, in recent years, glass beads have also been used by manufacturers. The very quality of the material is also strictly controlled, since the health of many people depends on it. For this reason, the adsorber (you can see a photo of this device below) is equipped with only high-quality bumpers.

But not only the safety and health of people depends on this. In order for the adsorber to perform its functions efficiently on a VAZ Kalina car, it is necessary to reduce the risk of damage to the rear bumper to zero. This part is a power element, and it is she who "holds the blow", which can provoke mechanical damage. And if the device is broken or pierced, it can no longer be allowed to operate. This is because with each blow, the adsorber (including the 2110th VAZ) loses its ability to absorb emissions.

Adsorber - what is it? About design

This part consists of several structural elements:

1. Front steam pipe.
2. Multiple hoses.
3. Purge valve.
4. Vapor separator and fuel drain tube.
5. gravity valve.
6. Adsorber tubes and purge valve.
7. Adsorber.

Principle of operation

The action algorithm of the adsorber is as follows. Vapors that are formed in the tank, by their properties, rise up and, due to the lack of any capacity at the neck, first enter the separator. This is where the condensation process takes place. That is, the vapors turn into a liquid again and merge back into the tank. The part that did not have time to transform from a gaseous substance into a liquid enters the adsorber itself. Here, the system absorbs these excesses with the help of activated carbon.

It should be noted that this process occurs only when the engine is turned off. Otherwise, the system will open the canister purge solenoid valve to purge. In this case, all gasoline vapors that have formed in the tank and did not have time to turn into a liquid state are blown out through the intake pipe of the internal combustion engine and burned.

Thanks to this principle of operation, several advantages of using an adsorber can be noted at once:

1. The atmosphere is not polluted by harmful fumes.
2. The car will absorb less fuel (albeit less than 1 percent, but still the fact remains - without the burnt gasoline vapors, the engine would consume more fuel).

Symptoms of a malfunction of the adsorber

The property of clogging and becoming unusable is also inherent in such a detail as an adsorber. Malfunctions of this device can occur not only due to a hole that has arisen due to mechanical damage, but also due to natural wear (contamination) of the absorbing element. A sign of a malfunction of this part can be in the tank. This happens due to the accumulation of a large amount of vapors that have nowhere to go from the system. Checking the car for the presence of these formations is quite simple - you just need to open the gas tank cap and listen to it. If you hear a characteristic hiss, then a lot of harmful vapors have accumulated in the container.

You can find out the problem in another way. For example, after warming up the engine to a temperature of more than 60 degrees Celsius, the idle speed of the car begins to drop significantly. While driving, the car may suddenly stall for no apparent reason.

If similar symptoms are observed with your car, be sure to check the adsorber. You can do this - disconnect the hose that goes from the valve to the manifold, and plug it for a few days. If the symptoms have not disappeared, and the car still gives out “tricks” with revolutions, then most likely the adsorber is clogged.

Of course, with a clogged device, the car will drive as before, but it will have a “floating” idle. However, it is worth noting that if this problem is not eliminated in time or at least the formation data is not periodically released from the tank, then at the gas station the tank cap will simply “shoot” out of the neck, and perhaps not even open. And where it will end up, no one can predict. In any case, every time, approaching the lid, it is simply unreasonable to fear for its unauthorized “shot” - the easiest way is to change this part for a new one, especially since it is not so expensive.

How can the adsorber be replaced?

You can change this part at the service center or on your own. But since the amount of work here is not too large and complicated (you will spend 15-20 minutes to replace the adsorber), it is quite possible to install this device yourself. Below we will tell you in more detail how to replace this element at home.

Cooking Tools

First we need to prepare a new adsorber, about 100 centimeters of rubber hose for it, a few clamps, engravers and bolts. It is worth noting that the hose must necessarily have oil and gasoline resistance and be equipped with such a detail as the canister purge valve.

Getting Started

Let's start by dismantling the part.

First you need to release it from the fasteners, then disconnect from it the hose that supplies gasoline vapor to the throttle, and the wires with the block. Next, the purge valve is dismantled. The fuel outlet hose from the separator is also disconnected. Unscrew and remove the bracket. It is not difficult to do this, since it is attached with only three bolts.

Installation

At this stage, the adsorber has been successfully dismantled. Now you are ready to install the new device. The longest piece of rubber hose is attached to the tube that supplies fuel vapor to the purge channel. The smaller part of the hose is connected to the intake pipe from the separator. After that, we put it on the mounts. Now we connect the vapor supply hose to the purge channel. The latter is installed on the motor cover. This is where the wiring harness comes in. A long hose must be installed between the purge valve and the adsorber. Recall that all rubber tubes must be resistant to impact. engine oil and gasoline. Old hose with tube check valve is removed. In its place, a short piece of the part is installed. Everything, at this stage the adsorber is successfully installed. As you can see, the installation of this device can be done without the help of specialists.

Finally, we note that many car owners install adsorbers from a younger model, Priora, on VAZs of the tenth family.

Do-it-yourself valve diagnostics

If you only need to replace the adsorber valve, then it makes no sense for you to go to the service station. Unlike installation, this work will require you to take a few minutes of your time and only one Phillips screwdriver. Finding such a device is not difficult, and it costs only 500-600 rubles. Well, there is a Phillips screwdriver in everyone in the house. Along with the valve, the adsorber sensor can also be changed, since it directly controls the first part. However, this should be done only when the sensor makes extraneous sounds in the form of crackles.

First, we will diagnose the valve for serviceability. To check this part, we need a multimeter and several pieces of wire.

First, release the latch and remove the wiring harness block from the purge valve. Next, we connect the negative probe of the voltmeter to the "mass". Turning on the ignition, we measure the voltage at terminal "A" of the wire block.

The result should be at least 12 volts. If there is no voltage, or it is less than normal, most likely you have a dead battery or a faulty computer.

Using a Phillips screwdriver, loosen the clamp that secures the tube to the valve. We take out the hose from the nozzle. Using a screwdriver, remove the valve from the adsorber. We apply a voltage of 12 V from the battery to the conclusions (plus to terminal “A”, minus to “B”).

If the valve then does not open with a characteristic click, the device must be replaced. By the way, if there is no o-ring on the new element, you can borrow it from old part. However, this is permissible only on the condition that the ring does not have mechanical damage and microcracks. Otherwise, the sealing part must also be replaced.

How to change the valve?

So, let's get to work. First you need to de-energize the car, that is, remove the negative terminal from the battery. Next, disconnect the plug from the CPA.

To do this, to get to this part, we slightly release the clamp of the inlet pipe. Having removed it, we take it to the side. Now, in order not to remove the DMRV itself, we slightly bend the valve mount for its easy dismantling. The withdrawal of the mount is approximately 1 centimeter.

After that, you need to pull it up the grooves. So this part is very easy to remove. But on this, the adsorber valve has not yet been dismantled. Next, we will need to disconnect several inlet fittings on each side. One of them is extracted quite simply, and the second can be problematic. The fact is that the inlet fitting is fixed with a special latch. To remove it, you need to drown the latch and pry off the plastic antennae (in this case, the fitting rises slightly up).

At this stage, the adsorber valve has been successfully dismantled. Installing a new one is done in reverse order.

Conclusion

Adsorber - what is this device? In this article, you found out how important this element is for a car, as well as what structural elements it consists of. The adsorber is designed in such a way that it directly contacts the catalyst. And while the car is warming up, it collects gasoline vapors in the fuel tank so that they do not penetrate into (the penetration of vapors into a cold car catalyst is undesirable). And if you are wondering whether a car needs an adsorber or not, we will answer you the following: if you do not have a catalyst, then without this device you can safely continue to move (of course, provided that you do not think about ecology and environmental standards of technical inspection).

So, we found out what the VAZ adsorber is for, and how to replace it. Remember that this detail is of great importance for cars with environmental standard "Euro 3" and more. In the absence of this element, the concentration of harmful vapors will be significantly increased, respectively, the car will reduce its environmental friendliness level from Euro 3 to Euro 1 or 2.