What Ukrainian dishes are there? Ukrainian traditional sweet pastries: vertuta, syrniki, paposhniks, malt cakes, shkrab, kapams, polyanitsy, kalachi, vertuny, tminniki, platuny, pretzels, verguny, puhkeniki, mandriki, shuliki

My Christmas baking. This time it was very ambiguous for me, although the others liked it, there wasn’t a crumb left, they praised it :) I baked three dances and mini-stollen with dried cherries. I didn’t take pictures of the stollen and I won’t write a recipe - I didn’t like them at all. Again in December there was no time to bake a normal yeast stollen and put it to aging, already on the eve of the holidays I baked mini stollen with cottage cheese - not the same, not my thing...

Dance with meringues and black cakes, let it be “Mulatto”. Meringue - Kyiv GOST cakes, very pleased! They didn’t get soggy in the cream even after a few days. I used walnut. The cakes are known as chocolate in boiling water, only I fill it not with water, but with boiling strong coffee. Cream - butter, boiled condensed milk and dark chocolate. The result was a huge cake, ideal for those with a sweet tooth (and it was too sweet for me...).

Dance "Orange". During the winter holidays, I love the scent of citrus. That’s why I decided to make the appropriate baked goods. The white cakes are a chiffon orange sponge cake, the middle cake is a cottage cheese cake. Cream made with vegetable cream with orange curd and white chocolate (if you make it with natural cream, be sure to add gelatin, it will not hold that amount of liquid). The cream came out very wet and soaked the biscuit. And I love dry sponge cake, with its wonderful fluffy structure... And this dance is for lovers of soaked sponge cakes and oranges :)

Dance "Chess". I got the recipe from dreamfood. I changed it a little. Ideal for lovers of baking without cream (and I missed it...).

Ukrainian cuisine is based on three “pillars” – lard, beets and garlic. These are iconic products, perhaps. Also, of course, buckwheat, millet, sour cream. As you can see, everything is very satisfying and nutritious.
The most famous and celebrated, of course, are borscht and dumplings; they are loved everywhere. There are also all sorts of krucheniki and vivantsy - meat or fish rolls, kartoplyaniki - potato cutlets, sicheniki - cutlets, nalistniki - pancakes with filling. Soups with buckwheat and millet, with or without meat, seasoned with crushed or fried lard, kulesh and yushka. In this selection, we propose to breathe new life into ancient dishes, as well as prepare the most popular and delicious dishes modern Ukrainian cuisine.

Shpundrya

The dish is ancient, mentioned in Kotlyarevsky’s “Aeneid”. What is hidden under this funny name? Everything is simple, meat stewed with beets, ideally pork belly, but you can also take beef, although it is not typical for Ukrainian cuisine, because oxen have long been used as draft animals and were little consumed as food, unlike pork. Traditional for many Ukrainian dishes is a combined preparation of products - frying, then stewing and simmering. I decided to cook an ancient dish in a modern unit - a slow cooker; stewing is its strong point. The only seasonings are garlic and a little oregano.
Ingredients:
Pork (neck) 600 g
Beetroot 800 g
Onions 2 pcs.
Garlic 3 cloves
Vegetable oil 2 tbsp.
Dried oregano pinch
Salt
Pepper
1. Cut the meat into medium pieces. Heat half the fat in a frying pan and fry the meat over high heat until golden brown. Transfer to a stewing dish, cast iron, or, in my case, to a slow cooker.
2. Cut the onion into small cubes. Fry in the same pan where the meat was fried and transfer to it.
3. Peel the beets and cut into medium cubes. Fry in the remaining fat, sprinkle with dried oregano. Place on meat. Pour in enough water to cover the food, add a spoonful of red wine vinegar, crushed garlic, salt and pepper, close the lid and simmer over low heat for 1 hour.

Buckwheat with liver

Buckwheat has been widespread in Ukraine since the 11th-12th centuries, and is very popular, both the cereal itself and the flour made from it. Soup is made from buckwheat, added to blood sausage, and buckwheat fried. In the ancient tradition, grechaniki are more of a type of pancake, but in modern cuisine this name is assigned to a variety of cutlets made from buckwheat with various additives. I suggest preparing one of the most delicious options, with liver, and wrapped in an omentum - pork fat mesh. It is this culinary technique that allows the buckwheat not only to retain its shape, but also to remain incredibly juicy. The dish is very, very filling/
Ingredients:
Buckwheat 200 g
Veal or pork liver 500 g
Oil seal (fat mesh) 500 g Onion 1 pc.
Garlic 2 cloves
Salt
Black pepper
Vegetable oil 1 tbsp.
1. Wash the buckwheat and boil until tender. Cool. Clean the liver from films and ducts and pass through a meat grinder.
2. Finely chop the onion and fry in vegetable oil until golden brown. Crush the garlic. Mix buckwheat, liver, fried onion, garlic, salt and pepper the mixture, mix well.
3. Carefully straighten the oil seal, cut off thick pieces of fat along the edges and cut into rectangular pieces of approximately 10 by 12 centimeters. Place 2 tbsp on each piece. minced meat and roll the stuffing like a cabbage roll.
4. In a large frying pan with a thick bottom, melt the fat cut from the stuffing box and place the buckwheat pancakes. Cover with a lid and fry over medium-low heat for 8 minutes on each side. Serve hot.

Dumplings with cherries

Dumplings come with almost any filling. The main distinguishing feature is that this filling is always brought to full readiness, the meat is boiled and chopped, the liver too, the mushrooms are fried, the cabbage is stewed. Only berries in season are used raw; they are usually covered with sugar in advance, and then the released sweet syrup is used as a sauce for the finished dish. Non-sweet dumplings are served with lard cracklings, fried onions, sweet paprika and sour cream. Sweet with sour cream, melted butter, sugar and berries. My favorite dough recipe is choux pastry; the dumplings turn out incredibly tender.
Ingredients:
Flour 450 g
Fresh or defrosted cherries 600 g
Sugar 120 g
Egg 1 piece
Butter 30 g + for serving
A pinch of salt
1. Remove the pits from the cherries and sprinkle the berries with sugar. Leave for 30 minutes.
2. Pour flour into a deep bowl, add egg, 1 tbsp. sugar, salt and melted butter. Boil about a glass of water. Mix the dough with a mixer, adding boiling water. When it comes together into a ball, continue kneading by hand. The dough should be as soft as an earlobe and not sticky.
3. Divide it into two parts. Cover one with a damp towel, roll the second thinly with a rolling pin. Cut out circles from the dough. I use a molding ring. Place a few cherries without juice on each circle of dough and seal the edges tightly, first just flat, and then in a pigtail.
4. Fold the dumplings and cover with a damp towel to prevent them from drying out. Boil about 2-3 liters of water in a large saucepan and add salt. Drop dumplings in batches of 10, bring to a boil and cook covered for 5-7 minutes. Remove with a slotted spoon, place in a ceramic bowl and pour over melted butter. Bring the cherry juice and sugar to a boil in a saucepan and cook for several minutes until thickened. Drizzle the syrup over the dumplings and serve.

There is hardly a person in the world who has never heard of the rich and original Ukrainian cuisine. Traditional borscht with garlic dumplings, dumplings, pancakes with aromatic various fillings - many Ukrainian dishes have entered the golden fund of world cooking!
Neighborhood with other nations and a long stay as part of other states led to the fact that Ukrainian cuisine was finally formed only at the beginning of the 19th century. The loss of its own statehood and the territorial disunity of the country's lands determined a number of features of its national cuisine. The long-term neighborhood with the Hungarians, Germans, Turks and Tatars contributed to the emergence of many new products and technological methods for their processing, which were completely unusual for the Slavic peoples.

UKRAINIAN CUISINE DISHES

The uniqueness of local culinary traditions is expressed primarily in the choice of basic products. Mostly pork is used to prepare food; small poultry meat is also popular. Development Agriculture and the cultivation of cereal crops led to the availability of a wide range of flour products. Vegetables also play an important role. The championship belongs to beets; they are the basis for many first and second courses. Ukrainians also hold potatoes, carrots, cabbage, pumpkin, zucchini and legumes (peas and beans) in high esteem. It is difficult to imagine any cuisine without herbs and spices. Frequent guests on the Ukrainian table are onions, dill and savory, mint and lovage.
In addition to the wide range of products used, Ukrainian cuisine is distinguished by its unique technology of heat treatment. Any ingredient, be it tough meat or soft vegetables, is initially lightly fried and sautéed, and then stewed or baked. As a result, the dishes have an unusual structure and are not only juicy, but also tender. It is difficult to list all the delights of the local cuisine, because there are about 50 varieties of borscht alone. But highlight the most unusual dishes is quite real.

Ukrainian snacks

Appetizers are the most simple, light dishes that are offered to guests before serving the main courses. Their assortment in Ukraine is represented by vegetable salads, cereals and pates. Fish dishes and jellied meats are especially popular.
One of the popular Ukrainian snacks is mezhivo. The dish is ancient, it has been prepared for a long time, although the very etymology of its name is slightly strange and incomprehensible. It is made from beets, eggplants or sweet peppers. Vegetables are pre-marinated, then stewed with spices, sour cream and fried onions. As a result of long heat treatment they turn out juicy and soft, and the presence of a large number of seasonings and aromatic herbs gives the food a piquant and unique taste.
For lovers of aromatic bread and Ukrainian lard, there is no better snack than potaptsy. This dish was often consumed by the Cossacks, especially during military campaigns. In fact, it resembles ordinary croutons - thin slices of rye bread fried in a frying pan. They are served with lard or ham, always seasoned with ground pepper and garlic.
The signature dish of Ukrainians is ham. The exact place and time of origin of this dish are unknown. It is prepared from pork, using meat from the back shoulder of the animal. The pork is pre-salted well, then smoked or dried. The result is tender meat with a pinkish tint and a dark brown crust.
A universal snack for all occasions is lard with garlic. Pork lard is the national pride of Ukrainians; it is good for human health, because it is endowed with a unique, rare set of vitamins and amino acids that strengthen bones and stabilize the functioning of the kidneys and heart. Salted or smoked lard is the main decoration of the festive table in Ukraine.

First meal

Among the wide variety of first courses among Ukrainians, the most popular is borscht - a traditional dish of all Eastern Slavs. There are about 50 variants of its preparation in Ukrainian cuisine. The dish has been known to the inhabitants of Ukraine since ancient times, its exact origin is unknown. Most likely, it appeared on the territory of the former Kievan Rus, around the 10th century. Over time, the dish became firmly established in the national cuisines of many Eastern European countries.
In essence, borscht is an ordinary seasoning soup. One of its main ingredients is beets. It provides a bright, rich color and special taste. basis delicious borscht is the broth. To prepare it, several types of meat are used - usually pork, less often beef, chicken or goose. It is often prepared on the basis of bone or meat and bone broth.
Special attention is paid to the process of preparing the vegetable part of the borscht. This dish is characterized by separate processing of vegetables. In particular, to preserve its bright color, the beets are stewed separately - this gives a dark red hue. There is also a strict sequence for laying vegetables. First, potatoes are added to the broth, after a couple of minutes beets and cabbage, only then it comes to sautéed carrots, onions and herbs. This sequence makes the soup thicker and richer.
There are also regional differences regarding the preparation of borscht. Their essence lies in a set of main ingredients and the method of their heat treatment. Among the regional variants of the dish, Kiev borscht looks interesting; it is prepared on the basis of beef broth. It has an unusual, somewhat sour taste, which is achieved through the use of beet kvass. Vegetables must be stewed before adding to borscht - this way they become more juicy and tender. When serving, the dish must be decorated with chopped herbs and seasoned with finely chopped lard and grated aromatic garlic.
The Poltava version of borscht is also popular among Ukrainians. It differs only in that, in addition to vegetables, dumplings are also added to it. It is prepared mainly on the basis of chicken broth. The result is a light, hearty, aromatic soup that lovers of Ukrainian cuisine will appreciate.
Chernigov borscht deserves special mention. Cooked in meat and bone broth, it does not have a greasy dressing. In addition to the usual set of ingredients, finely chopped zucchini is added to it. The sour taste of borscht is given by apples, which are added at the very end. And, of course, for a richer aroma, the dish is seasoned with spices, a lot of herbs, and when served, garnished with a spoonful of homemade sour cream.
Kholodnik is one of the varieties of ordinary borscht. It is prepared on hot days summer days, because it quenches the feeling of hunger and thirst quite well. The basis of this dish is kefir or beet broth, to which fresh vegetables are added, mainly pickled beets, cucumbers, herbs (dill, parsley) and onions. This kind of dish is served exclusively cold. It comes with boiled potatoes and boiled eggs as a side dish. Decorate the kholodnik with sour cream and sprigs of fresh herbs.
Popular first courses of Ukrainian cuisine include kapustnyak - this is an ordinary soup based on sauerkraut. It is an integral attribute of the Christmas table. In Russian cuisine, its analogue is traditional cabbage soup. Cabbage cabbage is characterized by a light, sour taste, which gives it sauerkraut. The thick consistency of the dish is achieved through the use of millet. There are many options for preparing this dish. In some regions it is prepared in fish broth; mushrooms are often added to it for a more interesting taste. In general, the dish is not difficult to prepare, and in terms of taste and level of popularity it can easily compete with borscht.
The assortment of the first dishes of Ukrainian cuisine is complemented by soups. Nourishing, light, aromatic green or milky, they will decorate any table. Vegetable versions are popular in Ukraine. There are a lot of options for preparing them - with beans, tomatoes, potatoes, Savoy cabbage, peas, red peppers. In the west of the country you can often find milk soups with potato dumplings. Regardless of the cooking option, they are served along with fried croutons. When serving, the dish, as usual, is decorated with herbs.

Flour dishes

The hallmark of Ukrainian cuisine are vareniki - boiled products made from unleavened or yeast dough with various fillings. The filling can be based on any ingredients: boiled potatoes or meat, mushrooms or stewed cabbage. For sweet dumplings, grated cottage cheese or fresh berries, mainly cherries and raspberries, are used. The dish is served to the table with sour cream or butter. Dumplings with potato filling are usually served along with fried onions and cracklings.
The category of simple dishes includes lazy dumplings with cottage cheese. The simplicity of the dish lies in the absence of modeling inherent in traditional execution. In this case, the rolled out dough, greased with curd filling, is rolled into a roll and cut into slices of medium thickness. All that remains is to boil the dumplings in boiling water - and the dish can be safely served. Lazy dumplings not only quick to prepare, but also incredibly tasty. One of the varieties of this dish is dumplings - boiled products made from unleavened dough without filling. They are always served hot, because when chilled they lose their taste.
Traditional flour products, without which it is difficult to imagine Ukrainian cuisine, include pampushki. This kind of pastry is a classic addition to first and some second courses. Pampushki are typical yeast buns with Germanic roots. They most likely appeared in Ukrainian cuisine thanks to German colonists who came here at the beginning of the 19th century. Thanks to the yeast dough, the donuts always turn out fluffy and very light - they simply melt in your mouth. Dumplings with garlic are also in demand among Ukrainians; they are always served along with Ukrainian borscht.
Pancakes are another famous dish of Ukrainian cuisine. The first mentions of such products go back to prehistoric times. Pancakes first appeared in Rus' around the 9th century and have since become firmly entrenched in the menu of East Slavic peoples. Today there are many recipes for them, although the basic principle of preparation has remained unchanged for so many centuries. The technology of cooking pancakes requires special skill, because they must remain thin and golden brown, and this can be very difficult to do. To give them an even more refined taste, they are wrapped with different fillings, and then they are called nalistniki. Traditional nalistniki are filled with curd, but on the Ukrainian menu you can also find them with meat, mushroom, fish and vegetable filling. Sweet pancakes with chocolate, honey, berries, fruit jam or condensed milk are served as desserts.
Draniki - potato pancakes - are popular among flour products in Ukrainian cuisine. This dish came to Ukraine from neighboring Belarus. It uses flour, grated potatoes, salt and eggs. The resulting dough is simply fried in a heated frying pan, resulting in small pancakes. They are served hot, always adding a little fresh sour cream.

Second courses

Ukrainian cuisine is characterized by a wide range of meat dishes. The basis for their preparation is mainly pork. The specificity of such dishes lies in the special technology for processing the main ingredients. Shredding and “cutting” foods led to the presence of many stuffed dishes in the kitchen. No less popular are dishes made from minced meat: various meat rolls or zavyvantsy, “sicheniki”, homemade sausages made from offal, cutlets.
The process of heat treatment of products is also labor-intensive. In most cases, both vegetables and meat are initially fried or sautéed, then simmered over low heat. This technology makes dishes more juicy and flavorful. Tender meat with vegetables, seasoned with spices and simmered for several hours, has an unforgettable taste.
The most famous meat dish is considered to be roast, or liver, found in both Russian and Ukrainian cuisine. In terms of consistency and selection of main ingredients, it resembles Hungarian goulash. The main component of the dish is pork. It is pre-fried and then simmered together with sautéed vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes). After a long stew, the meat turns out soft and juicy. The roast is served in ceramic pots, with plenty of broth and herbs.
Different regions of Ukraine have their own original recipes for cooking roasts. In the Sumy region it is made from pork, but a little liver is added. Then the meat and vegetables are simmered over low heat, seasoned with cheese and sour cream. In Western Ukraine, integral elements of food, in addition to meat, are mushrooms and beans. However, despite different composition main ingredients, the dish still turns out nourishing and flavorful, and in each individual version it has its own unique features.
The formation of Ukrainian culinary traditions has been influenced by neighboring peoples for many years, so dishes typical of German, Polish and Czech cuisine are often found in Ukraine. The Sicheniks belong to this list. In shape and main ingredients they resemble ordinary cutlets. They are prepared from minced meat or fish and rolled in breadcrumbs before frying, which gives the flatbreads a beautiful oval shape and an appetizing golden crust. Sicheniki are served hot with sour cream or a delicate creamy sauce.
Simple meat dishes include meatballs, which are considered to have originated in France. In their version they are called more elegantly - “medallions”. In the Ukrainian version, cue balls are called cutlets made from minced meat. They often have a round or oval shape and are served with a side dish and sauce.
The signature delicacy of the Ukrainian capital is chicken Kiev - this dish is popular not only in Ukraine, but also far beyond its borders. There is a version that Kiev cutlets are a kind of analogue of the French dish “cotelette de volaille”. The story goes that at the end of the 19th century, one of the capital’s restaurants decided to slightly modify the famous French cutlets, leaving a small bone on one of the edges - this allowed them to be eaten with their hands, which was very convenient, given their huge size. Since then, a new dish has appeared on the menu of Ukrainian restaurants, which was named very symbolically - “Cutlet Kiev”.
They prepare exclusive Ukrainian cutlets from chicken fillet. The juiciness and pleasant aroma of the dish is achieved through the use of butter, grated cheese, herbs and mushrooms, which are placed inside. Kiev cutlets are deep fried, breadcrumbs Gives them a crispy, golden crust.
Ukrainian cuisine also includes wide choose meatloaves. Juicy meat, aromatic brown crust, delicate aroma of spices and seasonings - this is how zrazy can be characterized. According to historical information, they have Lithuanian roots. After the unification of Lithuania and Poland within one state, zrazy became popular on Ukrainian territory. They are called beef tenderloin rolls. The filling is a mixture of vegetables, boiled eggs and mushrooms. The dish is seasoned with salt and pepper, then baked in the oven. Served to the table as a full-fledged main dish along with a side dish in the form mashed potatoes. In Western Ukraine, an analogue of zraz are zavyvantsy - rolls made of thin whole sheets of meat.
The main dishes in Western Ukraine can be called quite original. The formation of local culinary traditions was influenced by the proximity to other peoples, in particular the Poles, Hungarians and Lemkos. Fragrant banush, mazurik, Transcarpathian bograch, chinakh - here you can try dishes that many did not even suspect existed. Many of them have international roots, but have taken root well in the national cuisine.
The legendary Transcarpathian dish is banush. Aromatic corn porridge cooked over an open fire in combination with cracklings, feta cheese and mushrooms is the pinnacle of Hutsul culinary art. According to tradition, only men prepare banush and serve it to the table along with fried bacon and sour cream. It would seem that there is nothing complicated here, but the taste of the dish captivates from the first spoon.
The second place in popularity deservedly goes to the Transcarpathian machanka. The dish is simple but very tasty. The main ingredient for it is pork, which is pre-fried and then stewed in sour cream and cream sauce. The result is a tender and delicious main dish. It will decorate any holiday table, and in combination with homemade noodles and fried potatoes it generally looks divine.
To find out what the Masurians are like, it’s worth going to the Volyn region. Here, good housewives know the secret of making delicious homemade sausage from turkey meat. To make it juicy and aromatic, add a little butter and a couple of pieces of cheese.
Vedery looks unusual among sausage products. It is prepared mainly in the Khmelnitsky region. It resembles classic sausages, but instead of minced meat it is filled with grated raw and potatoes. The dish looks relatively simple, but appetizing.
Shpundra is another little-known dish of Ukrainian cuisine. And although it has been prepared since time immemorial, you don’t see it very often in everyday life. In fact, shpundra is a simplified version of everyone’s favorite Ukrainian borscht. The dish is light and quickly digestible. Pork fried and then stewed in beet kvass, natural vegetables, spices and fragrant herbs - the dish is so exquisitely fragrant with rich aromas that it will not leave anyone indifferent.
An original Ukrainian dish is kulesh, an ancient folk dish. Often it replaces both the first and second. Kulesh has a consistency similar to a thick soup. In the old days, Zaporozhye Cossacks often prepared it during military campaigns, and in everyday worldly life too. Thick millet porridge seasoned with lard was the key to the strength and courage of the Cossacks. Although these times are far behind us, kulesh is firmly entrenched in the traditional Ukrainian menu.

Ukrainian desserts

Assortment of Ukrainian confectionery wide and varied. Verguns, malt cakes, shortbreads, pies, muffins, cookies and cakes - such delicacies are easy to prepare, but at the same time very tasty and will undoubtedly delight those with a sweet tooth. Ukrainians bake almost all delicacies from shortcrust pastry. An integral element of sweets are jam, poppy seeds or honey. Baked goods are usually sprinkled with powdered sugar or cinnamon on top.
One of the simplest delicacies is syrniki - curd pancakes fried in vegetable oil. The dish does not require high skill or too much time. Fresh, well-squeezed cottage cheese, a little flour and egg white are all you need to create a real culinary masterpiece. Cheesecakes are a universal dish; it can be either fresh or sweet. In most cases it is served as a dessert. Cottage cheese pancakes, and even in combination with sour cream, condensed milk or fruit and berry jelly, are nothing less than a heavenly delight.
Solozhenik is a simple but very sweet dish. It’s done in a matter of minutes, and the taste remains in the memory for years. It’s unlikely that anyone really thinks that simple pancakes can be used to make a first-class dessert. It turns out that if you use your imagination and put in a minimum of effort, anything is possible. In the hands of skilled housewives, pancakes turn into a beautiful layer cake. Filled with fruits, apples, nuts, honey or chocolate, and even baked in the oven with fresh sour cream, they enchant with their wonderful aroma and simply melt in your mouth. This delicacy is worth trying!
A little flour, butter, a couple of eggs, a handful of sugar - this is how a culinary masterpiece called verguny is born from simple products. Delicate cookies fried in boiling oil and easy to prepare. Delicate, light, fluffy with a golden crust that is barely visible behind a layer of powdered sugar, they attract the attention of not only children, but also adults.
In Ukrainian cuisine there are a number of sweets made from choux-free yeast dough. First of all, these include bagels and puffers. The process of preparing such sweets is a little complicated and requires a certain skill, the main thing is to knead the dough correctly. This is 90% of the success of the dish. But Ukrainian housewives can handle any difficulties. If the dough is properly prepared, puffincakes and bagels always turn out fluffy and light. They are only served hot, topped with honey or fruit jam. A holiday dish for Ukrainians is also stick stick, a relative of Russian Easter cake. Baked from choux pastry, with the addition of fresh cream and plenty of eggs, it is characterized by a delicate texture and rich aroma.
In the category of desserts, jelly is a worthy rival to sweet pastries - this gelatinous, jelly-like dish has been known to Ukrainians since ancient times. It is prepared from grains and berries. An integral element of the dish is starch, which gives it a thicker consistency. The dish itself is hearty and high in calories, so it claims to be an independent main dish. The assortment of berries for it is varied. Everything that can be found in the garden is used. Cherries and cranberries, strawberries and blueberries, dried fruits (apples, dried apricots) - no matter what ingredients are used, the jelly turns out aromatic and very tasty. One of the classic delights is milk jelly. The technology for its preparation is no different. Milk gives the food a snow-white hue, and it itself turns out light and tender.

Ukrainian drinks

Uzvar, varenukha, kvass, fruit liqueurs and tinctures - all this belongs to the category of traditional Ukrainian drinks. Uzvar is the most useful and valuable drink, an integral attribute of the Christmas table. It is based on dried fruits (apples, pears, plums, dried apricots) and fresh berries.
On hot summer days, nothing will quench your thirst better than cold, sharp-tasting kvass, an ancient Slavic drink. During the period of Kievan Rus, it was the main intoxicating drink; not a single holiday could do without it. It is prepared on the basis of flour, barley and rye malt, which after fermentation gives the drink sharpness and sourness. Over time, the range of kvass became more diverse. Today, depending on the set of main ingredients, several types are distinguished - bread, milk, honey, fruit and berry.
Kvass is not only tasty, but also healthy. Due to the presence of vitamins and various microelements, it improves metabolism, has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system, and has a high energy value. It has been proven that during famine it saved people from exhaustion and certain death.
Any national cuisine has interesting hot dishes. alcoholic drinks. Mulled wine, punch, grok and “hrenovukha” are probably known to many. But they don’t hold a candle to Ukrainian Varenukha. This drink appeared around the 16th century; it warms you up well on frosty winter days. It contains many components - honey, moonshine, various herbs and, of course, fruits, mainly apples, plums and pears. Varenukha was prepared only in the oven, pouring the pervak ​​into a pot and covering it with dough. The baked dough was a signal that the drink was ready.
Varenukha is also associated with the origin of the well-known expression “to drink on a horse.” There was always a sediment left in the pot where the varenukha was cooked, which the Cossacks used to treat the wounds of their horses. Often, when the drink ran out abruptly, the Cossacks asked the hostess to give them what they had left for the horse. This expression is firmly rooted in the memory of Ukrainians and has not yet lost its meaning.

Ukrainian cuisine is truly original and very interesting. Dishes prepared from the heart always remain in the memory of those who have at least once had the opportunity to try them!

Ukrainian dishes are popular not only in their homeland. The culinary achievements of Ukrainians are borscht, dumplings and pampushki. Ukrainian cuisine can surprise and feed you delicious food. And although there are some regional characteristics of dishes in the West and East, the cuisine remains integral and homogeneous.

Ukrainian dishes are distinguished by complex heat treatment. First, the food is fried or boiled, and then stewed or baked. This is due to the peculiarities of the Ukrainian home. In those days, they cooked food on a closed fire. This technology made it possible to preserve the aroma of dishes and give them juiciness. And since most of the people were engaged in physical labor, the dishes had to be high in calories. But, most importantly, delicious. This is due to the vagaries of national character. Therefore, popular dishes of Ukrainian cuisine are distinguished by an intricate set of ingredients.

History of Ukrainian cuisine

Initially, simple products were used to prepare Ukrainian cuisine: cereals, fish, mushrooms, berries, and livestock. Little beef was eaten.

Pork found its way into Ukrainian national cuisine during the Mongol-Tatar raids, and it took root. Pigs, being dirty animals, were of no interest to the invaders and disgusted the infidels. Nowadays pork is included in many traditional dishes of Ukrainian cuisine.

In the 11th century, the Kiev Pechersk Lavra already had several chefs who preserved recipes for delicious, unusual Ukrainian cuisine. They also helped to diversify the list of dishes of Ukrainian cuisine and introduce some innovations into the diet.

The national cuisine of Ukrainians was finally formed quite late - by the beginning of the 19th century, after the appearance of tomatoes and sunflower oil, without which they would not be so tasty.

However, the differences between the dishes of Galicians, Poltava and Transcarpathians have survived to this day. Thus, the recipes of Western Ukrainian cuisine with photos are very different from the traditional dishes of Kharkov residents. Although in general the cuisine of the Ukrainian people is quite integral.

Features of Ukrainian dishes

The main characteristic of Ukrainian cuisine is associated with its late formation. The national menu includes best recipes Ukrainian cuisine from different regions.

Borrowed methods of processing raw materials

  • Names of Ukrainian dishes such as borscht and dumplings have become international. But it turns out that Ukrainian dumplings are similar to the Turkish dish dush-vara.

  • Meat dishes of Ukrainian cuisine are often prepared from ground raw materials. The Ukrainians borrowed this technique from the Germans.
  • From the Turks and Tatars came such a method of heat treatment as frying in boiling oil (“smazhenya”).
  • Ukrainians adopted the custom of seasoning dishes with sweet paprika from the Hungarians.

Traditional Ukrainian dishes

Traditional tasty dishes of Ukrainian cuisine are prepared from such products as:

  • pork;
  • fish;
  • beet;
  • wheat flour and various cereals;
  • eggs;
  • dairy products.

If you look at the recipes of Ukrainian national cuisine with photographs, you will notice such a feature as the presence of one main ingredient, which is combined with a large number of other components.

At the same time, additives emphasize the taste of the main component. A classic example is borscht. Here the taste of beets is enhanced by two dozen ingredients.

Appetizers and salads of Ukrainian cuisine

Ukrainian salad recipes include both raw and boiled vegetables, as well as meat and fish. For refueling use vegetable oil hot pressed

Some recipes of Ukrainian national cuisine with photographs contain flaxseed, rapeseed and other oils.

Baked meat slices are served as cold dishes of Ukrainian cuisine.

But the most favorite snack of Ukrainians is lard. It is salted, pickled, baked and fried. Lard is also included in various delicious recipes Ukrainian cuisine.

First courses of Ukrainian cuisine

Typically, Ukrainian national cuisine with videos shows the preparation of soups in meat broth using fried or sautéed vegetables. Recipes for first courses of Ukrainian cuisine with fish, mushrooms, and legumes are also popular.

After the appearance of potatoes, they began to be introduced into traditional soup recipes in Ukrainian cuisine. Some do not include potatoes in first courses. It is replaced with cereals and flour dumplings.

Description of Ukrainian cuisine would be incomplete without borscht. They are served hot or cold, with donuts and croutons. The menu of Ukrainian cuisine includes borscht and beet kvass.

Solyanka is found very similar to borscht. See the recipe for its preparation. When preparing soups, it is important not to forget about sauces. From this article you can learn more about their varieties.

Second courses of Ukrainian cuisine

Most often they demonstrate the preparation of dishes with complex technology. Traditional Ukrainian national cuisine with a video of the entire cooking process will help you understand the intricacies of culinary techniques.

Second courses of meat are the famous rabbits and quails in sour cream, “liver” and “deruny” in pots. As well as Ukrainian favorite dishes made from cottage cheese and dough: cheesecakes, dumplings, dumplings, casseroles.

The entire recipe of Ukrainian cuisine is designed to use local products. Thus, the best dishes of Ukrainian cuisine in the western part of the country are “banosh”, “bograch” and bean “lotsi”.

The influence of neighboring Hungary and Romania is felt here.

Traditional desserts of Ukrainian cuisine

Ukrainian desserts are made from fruits and berries. They are baked, drizzled with honey, sprinkled with nuts and poppy seeds. Basic Ukrainian baking recipes with photos contain step by step description all processes. The baking powder here is soda or alcohol.

And bread, which Ukrainians treat with special respect, also made sweet pastries with sourdough. A traditional dish of Russian and Ukrainian cuisine is babka.

In Ukraine they were baked for the holidays.

Ukrainian festive table

Festive dishes of Ukrainian cuisine were prepared for religious holidays. For Christmas they baked a pig, goose or carp. Mandatory dish - wheat sweet porridge(Kutia).

Pictures of Ukrainian dishes look appetizing and picturesque. People are happy to share their recipes. Travelers know: in any village they will tell you and show you what Ukrainian cuisine is for free. And create a menu for every day simple recipes Ukrainian cuisine will not be difficult at all.

Cherished by people who love their land and its fruits, donated by generous black soils and rich forests, simple, but tasty and satisfying Ukrainian cuisine remains forever in the soul of the one who took a painted clay bowl of dumplings and a pot of steaming borscht from the hands of a hospitable Ukrainian hostess.

Of all the variety of national dishes, international recognition usually reaches two or three, which become the calling card of the country and satisfy 80% of the gastronomic needs of tourists. In Ukrainian cuisine, the stamp of recognition has marked the traditional borscht with pampushki and dumplings in sour cream. As always, such a choice is not accidental - these two dishes are the quintessence of culinary traditions that arose and took hold on the territory of Ukraine due to the centuries-old farming of its inhabitants.

Bread is the main food for a person who cultivates the land for its cultivation, and in Ukraine this rule is expressed not only in the usual bread, which is baked in ovens, but also in many types of boiled flour products - dumplings, dumplings, dumplings, buckwheat.

In borscht you can find almost everything that the fertile land gave the Ukrainian besides bread. Borscht is always multi-ingredient (some regional recipes for this dish include 20 ingredients or more) and is a hot food that restores strength well.

As for meat, in most Ukrainian dishes it is represented by pork. They did not eat beef here, since oxen were thin draft animals - the main assistant on the farm and, therefore, a friend, and sheep breeding was developed only regionally and not widely. In second place after pork is poultry - chickens, geese, ducks - from which dishes with a national flavor are also prepared.

History and development of Ukrainian cuisine

The origins of the culinary traditions of Ukrainians go back to the times of Kievan Rus, although many of the old culinary practices were lost during the takeover of the state by the Tatar-Mongols and the rule of the Golden Horde. Subsequently, parts of the Ukrainian lands were divided between neighbors and this also had some influence on the culinary culture: in the western part of Ukraine, dishes are related to Polish and Hungarian, in the east and south - with Russian and Turkic, in the north - with Belarusian-Lithuanian.

However, in general, throughout the entire territory of Ukraine, the cuisine is quite homogeneous - the same as it was formed in the 18-19th century, when the set of traditional vegetable crops was replenished with new species - potatoes, corn and tomatoes, and the use of sunflower oil came into widespread use.

Modern Ukrainian cuisine is replenished with borrowed and adapted dishes from other nations, but traditions today are still very strong and historically established dishes predominate in home cooking.

Peculiarities of cooking in Ukrainian cuisine

The peculiarities of cooking in Ukrainian cuisine are largely due to the fact that a closed oven was used to heat houses, in which they cooked. Special dishes were created for it - pots and glechiki (tall clay jugs with a narrow neck). In such a vessel, thanks to its part tapering upward, as well as due to the thermal insulation properties of baked clay, excellent conditions for stewing and quick cooking are created in a closed hot oven, which is why Ukrainian national dishes are mainly boiled, stewed and baked. The frying pan is (was) more used for sautéing onions, carrots, beets and other vegetables before adding them to the main dish.

Also, very often ready-made dishes prepared in a different way are simmered in the oven in order to give them a complete, delicate taste. For example, cutlets fried in a frying pan are placed in a clay or cast iron pot and stewed in the oven along with fat and vegetable dressing, and sweet and salty nalistniki (unleavened pancakes with filling) are simmered with butter.

In the central regions of Ukraine, the main holiday dish is stewed potatoes, around which the rest of the menu is built. It is a roast of meat and potatoes, with a small addition of carrots and onions. This dish gets its indescribable taste and aroma from the oven, in which the potatoes are stewed so much that they turn brown without frying.

Despite the fact that most national dishes are cooked in an oven, the smell of smoke in them is almost imperceptible, because the oven first heats up and only then food is placed on the hot coals (which produce very little smoke).

Classic Ukrainian dishes

1. Dumplings

If you are served by a girl in a Ukrainian embroidered shirt in a restaurant, restaurant or snack bar, rest assured that here you will be able to order dumplings. Just as Italian cuisine is unthinkable without pasta, so Ukrainian cuisine is unthinkable without dumplings. With cheese, with cabbage, with potatoes, with mushrooms, with liver, with cherries, blueberries and strawberries... In sour cream or with sour cream, with a dressing of cracklings or with cracklings inside, lean with fried onion sauce or meat, thin or fluffy, from dough in water or from dough in kefir... There are so many types of Ukrainian dumplings that you can make an exhibition out of them and, by the way, this is the basis of the philosophy of vareniki - small Ukrainian restaurants in which visitors are offered exclusively dumplings in a variety of variants.

Dough for Ukrainian dumplings

There are two fundamentally different types dough from which dumplings are prepared in Ukraine - thin dough with water and soft dough with dairy products (milk, kefir, whey) with the addition of soda.

Dumplings made from the first type of dough are boiled in water and are small and rather thin products, similar to dumplings, only of a different shape, different size and with different fillings.

The second dumplings are phenomenal in some way - they have a dough that is suitable for soft baking, and at the same time they are steamed. The result is very soft, porous, delicate products that are just as good cold as hot.

It is noteworthy that in different regions of Ukraine, dumplings are traditionally prepared in only one way, and they may not even know about the second. Lush steamed dumplings, for example, are made in the Poltava, Chernihiv, Kiev, and Sumy regions, but in the Carpathian region they cook exceptionally thin ones.

Fillings for Ukrainian dumplings

The choice of fillings for Ukrainian dumplings is so large that it seems you can put everything in them. But in reality this is not so - there are quite clear boundaries of the set of products that go into dumplings.

The most typical fillings are cottage cheese (sweet and salty), stewed cabbage and boiled sauerkraut, potatoes, potatoes with cabbage, potatoes with meat, potatoes with liver, potatoes with mushrooms, mushrooms themselves, poppy seeds, cherries.
Less popular, but also filled with berries and fruits – blackberries, mulberries, strawberries, apples, plums.

Gravy and dressings for dumplings

Dressing is an integral and as important part of dumplings as the dough and filling. Ukrainians season sweet dumplings with cottage cheese, cherries and other berries with sour cream. Sour cream is also served with dumplings with potatoes, cabbage, and mushrooms, but in this case it usually acts as a sauce, and the dressing is made from onions fried in lard or sunflower oil, or from greaves (small pieces of heavily fried lard).
Dumplings with poppy seeds stand out - this is a festive dish, and it is always seasoned with honey. Dumplings with cherries are also often seasoned with honey.

2. Other flour products – dumplings, palyushki, pampushki, pies

There are many flour dishes in Ukrainian cuisine. For example, dumplings - relatively speaking, dumplings without filling with dressing, which are prepared from soft dough (cut into pieces), but are boiled in boiling water and not steamed. Dumplings are also added to soups and borscht.

A similar dish in the western part of Ukraine is made with cottage cheese and potatoes and is called palushki, and is served with mushroom sauce and sour cream.

Ukrainian pampushki are no less famous than dumplings, because they form an inseparable pair with borscht. They are prepared from yeast dough in the oven or deep-fried.

There are many varieties of yeast and unleavened pies in Ukraine, which are prepared with the same set of fillings as dumplings, as well as with peas, beans, viburnum and pear jam, and fresh fruit. Yeast pies They are most often baked in a stove or oven, and unleavened ones are fried in a frying pan.

3. Ukrainian borscht

Borscht is not only a symbol of Ukrainian cuisine, but also the main food of Ukrainians to this day. Since the “area” of borscht covers a huge area, including all regions of Ukraine, there are a lot of recipes for preparing it - from the simple Transcarpathian version to the complex multi-component Kyiv borscht.

The main and irreplaceable ingredient of borscht is table beets - without it, Ukrainian borscht is impossible. In addition to pieces of the root vegetable itself, kvass from it is added to borscht - once upon a time, every housewife had a pot of fermented beets, which was constantly refreshed.

In addition to beets, potatoes, cabbage, onions, tomatoes or tomato juice, and meat broth are almost always used. If you prepare lean borscht, then the meat broth is replaced with mushroom, fish, or even only vegetables are used, flavoring the dish with a dressing of onions fried in vegetable oil.

To give an idea of ​​the diversity of Ukrainian borscht, we present two very different recipes - borscht of central Ukraine and borscht and Hutsul (Galician).

Borscht of central Ukraine

The chosen recipe is only one of the varieties of borscht that is prepared in central Ukraine, because recipes not only change from region to region, but can be slightly different even in each village.

Ingredients:

meat broth and meat (pork, chicken, duck or pork with lamb), potatoes, beets, cabbage, onions, carrots, beet kvass, tomatoes (tomato juice or tomato paste), beans, bay leaves, salt, ground pepper and pepper peas, garlic, lard or lard, fresh herbs (dill, parsley, green onions).

Preparation

For the broth, use pork meat on the bones and pork ribs. If poultry meat is used, then preference is given to a rooster over a chicken, a drake over a duck, etc. (that is, a male). The broth should be rich and moderately fatty.

Carefully remove the foam from the broth or strain it at the end of cooking.
Potatoes, cut into large pieces, are added to the half-cooked meat. Grated or cut into strips beets are sautéed with fat and 10-15 minutes after adding the potatoes, the prepared beets are placed in boiling borscht.

After this, it no longer has to boil violently to retain the beautiful, rich, dark red beetroot hue.
Shredded cabbage is added along with the beets or a little later.
Carrots are sauteed separately with onions and added to borscht after cabbage. The borscht is salted, peppered, bay leaves, peppercorns, tomato paste, peeled garlic, beet kvass are added and left to simmer slowly over very low heat.

If fresh tomatoes are used in borscht instead of tomato paste, they are placed together with potatoes, and after a while they are taken out, rubbed through a sieve and only the pulp without pieces of peel and seeds is returned to the borscht.

If borscht is prepared with the addition of beans, then they are pre-soaked and placed in the broth almost simultaneously with the meat.
Greens are added to the finished borscht in a pan or directly into plates.

Sour cream must be served with borscht. They place it on the table separately, and everyone adds it to their plate to taste.

It should be noted that an important component of the taste of Ukrainian borscht is sourness, and it is achieved different ways- adding beet kvass, pickled apples, fermented tomatoes, sorrel, and in a simplified version - table vinegar or citric acid.

Hutsul borscht

Compared to borscht from other regions of Ukraine, which differ from each other in several components, Galician borscht has a slightly different philosophy. It is prepared exclusively from beets in meat broth and with the addition of a large amount of heavy cream right during cooking. Thanks to the cream, the borscht does not have the classic bright beet color, but a delicate milky red.

Some housewives add dried or fried flour with fat to this borscht; a small amount of tomato paste and onions sautéed with fat can also be added.

An obligatory and very important component of Hutsul borscht is a sprig of dried savory, which gives the dish a subtle, refined aroma.
Hutsul (Galician) borscht is served separately with whole boiled “in their jacket” or peeled potatoes.

Festive Ukrainian dishes

Festive dishes of Ukrainian cuisine can be divided into two groups: those that are served only on certain, strictly designated occasions and those that are usually chosen for the festive table, but can also be prepared on weekdays.

The first includes Easter baked goods, kutia, makoviki (shuliki), wedding loaves and cones.

The second includes jellied meat, homemade pork sausage, blood sausage, cabbage cabbage, cabbage rolls, stewed potatoes, nalistniki with various fillings, berry jelly, dumplings.

The famous Ukrainian borscht is rarely served on holidays, apparently because it is very often prepared on ordinary days.

Easter food in Ukraine

The Easter basket with which people go to church includes paska (kulich), krashanki (painted or multi-colored boiled eggs), homemade pork sausage or baked pork, grated horseradish and doused with beet kvass.
The Easter table itself is made up of these dishes - as a rule, no other food is prepared on this day.

In western Ukraine, budz is added to the list - sheep or cow cheese prepared by enzymatic curdling of milk. Here they prepare slices of sausage, boiled eggs and budza, which are sprinkled with grated horseradish.

Christmas Ukrainian dishes

The evening before Christmas is called “Holy Evening” in Ukraine and they try to prepare 12 Lenten dishes for it. The main dish of the holiday is kutia made from wheat, which in the central regions is prepared and always paired with uzvar (compote of dried apples and pears).

In addition to kutya, they make lean dumplings with cabbage, lean cabbage rolls, cook fish, boiled potatoes with onions fried in oil, and serve sauerkraut.

Shuliki (makoviki)

Makoviki are a special food that is prepared for the Makovia holiday - August 14th. For them, short cakes are baked from unleavened dough on soda in the oven, which are then broken (not cut) into pieces, softened with milk, mixed with a large amount of grated poppy seeds and seasoned with honey.
This divine treat can be tasted exclusively on August 14 - the tradition is so strong that it is rare for any housewife to think of doing tricks on another day of the year.

Wedding loaves and cones

A wedding loaf in Ukraine is a symbolic food that contains deep meaning. sacred meaning. It is prepared from rich yeast dough and carefully decorated with baked ornaments, bunches of viburnum, ears of corn, dried herbs and fresh flowers. A happily married woman is asked to bake loaves for a wedding. Parents greet the newlyweds with a loaf of bread, and pieces of it are distributed to all guests at the end of the celebration.

Ukrainian national drinks

Traditional drinks are almost as broad a topic for discussion as food, but if you try to squeeze it down to the size of one paragraph, you can name three characteristic Ukrainian drinks - mead (varenukha), kvass and uzvar.

Mead has been known since the times of Kievan Rus and is honey brewed with water and dried fruits and then left to ferment. Is an alcoholic drink.

Ukrainian kvass can be bread, pear, beet, or apple.
Uzvar is a non-alcoholic everyday drink that is brewed from dried pears, apples, plums, and sloe.

Products that are used for traditional Ukrainian dishes

Meat

Pork is most often used to prepare traditional meat dishes in Ukraine. As we already mentioned, this is historically due to the fact that cows and oxen were livestock used for household needs, so beef was eaten extremely rarely. Chickens were bred mainly for their eggs.

The relatively warm climate of Ukraine, in which above-zero temperatures remain for more than half a year, did not make it possible to store meat for a long time in the summer, so rural farms only had meat in winter, while in the warm season they were content with dressings with lard, which was stored for a long time when salted. This is the reason for the widespread use of lard and cracklings in dishes, and the origins of the slightly exaggerated thesis that lard is a national Ukrainian product.
Homemade minced sausage and blood sausage are prepared from pork, and baked poultry dishes are also popular in Ukraine.

Dairy

Until recently, every Ukrainian farm that had enough workers kept a “nurse cow,” so dairy dishes are very widely represented in Ukrainian cuisine. Dumplings, nalistniki, and mannikas are prepared from cottage cheese. Sour cream is used in dressings, gravies, and borscht; it is also used to make very tasty ghee in the oven.

Unlike Western European countries, the production of hard cheeses has not developed in Ukraine and only cottage cheese is used (with the exception of the western regions, where dry cheese is made from cow's and sheep's milk - aged crumbly cheese, slightly reminiscent of Parmesan in taste).

Fresh whole milk is served with pies, potato pancakes and added to cereal porridges.

Eggs

Omelettes, scrambled eggs and other egg dishes cannot be called popular in Ukrainian cuisine, but eggs are often used for baking, they are added to sweet porridges, and boiled eggs are sometimes added to soups and borscht.

Cereals

Truly Ukrainian cereal is millet. Porridges are prepared from it, in particular – sweet milk porridge with pumpkin, as well as another characteristic Ukrainian Cossack dish “kulish” (kulish) - a field soup that is cooked over a fire with potatoes, millet, onions and rubbed with lard.
They also often and a lot cooked and cook from buckwheat - milk porridges, buckwheat dumplings, buckwheat flour dumplings.

Rice is used for cabbage rolls, peas for soups and as a filling for pies.
Soups and porridges are prepared from barley, wheat, and oatmeal.

Vegetables

All vegetables that grow in the garden are used for food, except for fodder crops. The most “ancient” ones, which can be considered the most traditional, are beets and turnips. Potatoes have also taken root well in Ukraine and can be called second bread, although they are not as indispensable here as, for example, in Belarus.

Ukrainians love pumpkin and bake it in the oven in large quantities, then using it for porridges and desserts.

Cucumbers and tomatoes are salted for the winter, cabbage is used both fresh and pickled. In general, the share of vegetables in Ukrainian dishes is very large.

Herbs and spices

Ukrainian dishes are rarely spicy, but they are generously seasoned with the aroma of home-grown vegetables and spices. The most spicy dishes and snacks are prepared with thermally unprocessed garlic, onions and horseradish (for example, pampushki). Quite rarely, but hot peppers are also used.
Of the herbs, Ukrainians most like dill, parsley, green onions, savory, caraway seeds, bay leaves, black and white pepper.

Sweets

The most ancient sweet of Ukrainians is honey. Beekeeping was very developed - here they did not destroy wild nests, but set up apiaries near the house or in the forest, luring bees with “loops” - wooden logs that were hollowed out from the inside and covered with a thatched roof.

They consumed honey themselves and prepared various sweets from it - gingerbread cookies, bagels.
Sweet vegetables and fruits also served as the basis for sweet dishes. Poppy seeds, nuts, dried pears, apples, and plums were added to desserts.

Regional differences in Ukrainian cuisine

In terms of cooking methods and products used, Ukrainian cuisine is quite homogeneous throughout Ukraine, however, some regions are more distinguished by their own identity due to their natural conditions and ethnic composition of the population.
As an example, we will give two of them – Prykarpattya (part of the Ivano-Frankivsk and Lviv regions) and Odessa.
The first region is distinguished by mountains, the second by the sea and an amazing mixture of many nations in one city.

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