13.08.2023

Rules for transporting children 4 years old in a car. A child in the front seat - at what age can you drive under the new law? Rules for transporting children in a car

Question	Answer
	* group 0 - designed for a child weighing 0-10 kg; * group 0+ - suitable for a child weighing less than 13 kg; * group I - suitable for children weighing 9-18 kg; * group II - suitable for a child weighing 15-25 kg; * group III - chairs are designed for children weighing 22-36 kg. According to traffic regulations, it is prohibited to use a car seat that does not correspond to the weight parameters of the child.
	Traveling in a car for a child under 12 years of age is permitted only when using a car seat that matches the weight and height of the child. Instead of a seat, you can use other means to help secure the child and appropriate vehicle designs. If a child under 12 years of age is placed in the front seat of a car, he must be secured only with a child car seat.
	* according to traffic regulations, a child must be transported in a car seat appropriate for his weight and height; * transportation of a child in a restraint system is permitted both in the rear and front seats of the car; * if a child is under 12 years old, he can only be placed in the front seat of the car in a car seat (pillows, boosters, and adapters are prohibited).
	* 25 thousand rubles. for officials; * 3 thousand rubles. for the driver; * 100 thousand rubles. for legal entities.
	Yes, if you pay the fine within 20 days after the decision is issued.

The rules for transporting children determine what requirements the technical equipment of the car must meet. Their implementation can save the baby’s life in the event of a traffic accident.

According to statistics, the highest rates of child mortality in road accidents occur in cases where minor passengers were in the car in the arms of adults.

What do traffic rules 22.9 say about transporting a child in a car?

Transportation of children

Article 22-9 of the Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation defines a list of requirements for the transportation of minors. On June 28, 2017, the Government of the Russian Federation, by resolution N-761, made some amendments to it.

Up to 7 years

According to the changes, for children under seven years of age, it is mandatory to use restraint devices in accordance with their weight and height, without the possibility of replacing them with any alternative. This condition applies to passenger cars and truck cabins, the design of which includes seat belts and the European standard Isofix restraint system.

From 7 to 12 years

Passengers between seven and eleven years of age, inclusive, must either wear a seat belt or be seated in a vehicle-designed restraint system. That is, for a child at this age there is a choice - either a special chair or a standard belt.

For safety reasons, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation recommends that passengers be transported in a child restraint system even after they reach the age of seven.

In some cases, using a regular seat belt rather than a car seat can actually be justified.

Examples are the following situations:

The design features of the vehicle do not make it possible to accommodate the required number of specialized seats.
The physical parameters of the height and weight of the minor passenger exceeded the standard indicators by which the dimensions of the restraint are calculated.
Transportation by rideshare vehicles in rural or remote areas or in extremely difficult weather conditions.
A sick or disabled child is transported in a car to an institution for medical care.

It is strictly prohibited to transport children under 12 years of age on the back seat of a motorcycle.

Over 12 years old

The Russian Federation Traffic Regulations do not establish any special requirements for the transportation of children over twelve years of age. In this case, the rules for adult passengers apply.

Fine for violating the rules for transporting children

In accordance with paragraph No. 3 of Article 12-23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses, failure to comply with the requirements for the safe transportation of children in a car entails punishment in the form of a fine. For individuals, its value will be three thousand rubles. For legal entities, the amount of recovery is 100 thousand rubles, for officials - 25 thousand rubles.

Improper transportation of minors in a car is either the actual absence of a special restraint device or its installation in violation of the installation instructions. The absence of a child seat mount in the car is not a mitigating circumstance for the driver.

He must worry about the availability of a chair. The requirement for mandatory installation of the device is due to the design features of the vehicle. The safety system provided by standard seat belts is only effective for passengers with a height of 1 meter 50 centimeters. If you use them for a person with smaller parameters, then the fastenings will simply pinch his neck area.

In the event of a traffic accident, even at low speed, the baby’s weight increases tens of times. It is very difficult to hold it in such a situation, which exposes the small passenger to unreasonable danger, since he can fly forward through the windshield.

It is no coincidence that the age of twelve years is indicated in the requirements for the transportation of minors. Usually by this time they grow to 150 centimeters. For a passenger with such parameters, it is already allowed to use standard car belts.

Special cases

Transportation by taxi

Traffic rules apply to all vehicles, including taxis. In addition to administrative liability, the driver may also face criminal liability. According to Article 238 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, violation of the rules for transporting minors in this case is the provision of services that do not meet the requirements for the safety of health or life of the consumer. This legal norm establishes punishment in the form of:

Fine up to 300,000 rubles.
Compulsory work for up to 360 hours.
Restrictions or imprisonment, or forced labor for up to two years.

If the offense resulted in the death of two or more people due to negligence, then the punishment is established in the form of imprisonment for a term of up to 10 years.

If the car is not equipped with seat belts or they are two-point

Transporting minor children in a car, in which, according to the technical design, special restraint devices are not provided, is interpreted by Article 12.5 of the Code of Administrative Offenses as driving a vehicle in the presence of unresolved faults. Punishment in this case is provided in the form of a warning or an administrative fine of five hundred rubles.

The regulations do not specifically state that children cannot be transported in seats with two-point belts. The required number of belt attachment points is also not specified anywhere.

However, in order to ensure safety, it must be remembered that the technical features of each restraint device are aimed at the correct placement and fixation of the chest branch of a 3-point seat belt, the use of which is not provided for on a two-point belt.

Features of transportation in the front seat

Children under 12 years of age must be transported in the front seat of a car only using restraint systems. Devices in a passenger car or truck cab must be installed in accordance with their operating instructions.

When transporting children in the front seat, the following safety requirements must be observed:

The passenger must be securely restrained by a specially installed restraint device.
Holding a baby while sitting in the front using only a standard seat belt is strictly prohibited.
Typically, all modern cars are equipped with airbags in the passenger seat, which is located next to the driver. When carrying a small passenger, they must be turned off.
To ensure maximum safety, the chair must be pushed back all the way.
The infant should be seated so that he is facing towards the passenger compartment and with his back to the movement of the car. In this case, in the event of a sharp impact, braking or an accident, the small passenger will move in the direction of traffic. This will prevent injuries to the neck area and will not lead to more dangerous consequences.

Otherwise, if he sits facing forward, his head will fall back during sudden braking, which is fraught with very serious injuries.

How to transport a newborn from the hospital

There are no exceptions for infants in the rules for transporting children. They also need to be transported in special devices. There are three options for devices that are suitable for a newborn baby:

Car seats of group 0-0+/I-II are suitable from birth to eighteen, twenty-five or thirty-six kilograms, depending on the model.
The 0+ car seat is designed for children from birth up to ten to thirteen kilograms.
Car seats 0+ are used from birth until the age of seven to eight months.

Choosing a suitable restraint device is not easy, because on the one hand you want to provide your baby with safety and convenience, and on the other hand, you want to buy something that is truly practical and durable.

To finally decide, you need to analyze all the advantages and disadvantages of each option. The main thing to remember is that the life and health of children is not an issue worth saving on.

Is it possible to leave children in the car?

Paragraph 12.8 of the Road Traffic Regulations states that children under seven years of age are prohibited from being left in a car unless an adult is present with them.

The Code of Administrative Offenses provides for liability for this in the form of a fine of 500 rubles (Article 12.19).

The driver will receive a penalty of 2 thousand 500 rubles for violating the rules for transporting children in the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

However, if children are found in a closed car, police can also initiate a criminal case under Article 125 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation “Leaving in danger.” In this case, the age limit is set to 18 years. If the parents are found guilty, they face one of the following penalties:

A fine of up to 80,000 rubles.
Mandatory work up to 360 hours.
Arrest up to three months.
Correctional or forced labor for a period of up to 1 year.
Imprisonment for up to 1 year.

You shouldn't leave children unattended just for fear of punishment, but for safety reasons.

Changes in traffic regulations that relate to the transportation of children can hardly be called new - they came into force on July 12, 2017. Despite this, in 2018, the traffic police recorded 690 thousand violations of clause 22.9: it is among the ten most “popular” among drivers, along with failure to comply with the terms of compulsory motor liability insurance and neglect of tinting rules. This is 90 thousand less than a year earlier, but you need to remember that until June 2017, the legal requirements were more lenient.

Statistics of traffic violations in 2017 and 2018 according to the Kommersant newspaper

It turns out that the difficulties in complying with the updated rule have not decreased over time. The reason may also be hidden in the dry language of the law, which is not always clear. For example, in clause 22.9 of the traffic rules there is the concept of “child restraint device”.

Child restraints

The entire GOST R 41.44-2005 is dedicated to the term “child restraint” and the requirements for such devices - it describes in detail their types and necessary design features. The general definition was formulated as follows:

“Child restraint systems: A set of elements consisting of straps or flexible elements with buckles, adjusting devices, fastening parts and, in some cases, an additional device (for example, a cradle, a removable child seat, an additional seat and/or impact shield) which may be attached to the interior of the vehicle body. The device must be designed in such a way that, in the event of a collision or sudden braking of the vehicle, the risk of injury to a child in the restraint is reduced by limiting the child's movement.”

An example of transporting children to a child care facility

To understand whether this concept influenced the interpretation of the law, it is worth considering the texts in both editions.

Text of the law in the previous and new editions.

The first version of clause 22.9 of the traffic rules looked like this:

“Transportation of children is permitted provided that their safety is ensured, taking into account the design features of the vehicle.

Transportation of children under 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle, and in the front seat passenger car - only with the use of child restraints.

It is prohibited to transport children under 12 years of age on the back seat of a motorcycle.”

“Children under 7 years of age must be transported in a passenger car or truck cab that is designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX* child restraint system using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child.

* The name of the ISOFIX child restraint system is given in accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR RS 018/2011 “On the safety of wheeled vehicles”.

Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years (inclusive) in a passenger car and truck cab, which are designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system, must be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child , or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a car - only with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child.

The installation of child restraint systems (devices) in a passenger car and the cabin of a truck and the placement of children in them must be carried out in accordance with the operating instructions for the specified systems (devices).

It is prohibited to transport children under the age of 12 on the back seat of a motorcycle.”

The meaning of the requirement was not affected by a new term or a difference in its interpretation - no changes were made to GOST R 41.44-2005 from the first publication, and in the second version of clause 22.9 of the SDA, the version of the concept allowed in the standard is used. More importantly, the words “or other means allowing the child to be fastened using seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle” disappeared from the text, and instead the ISOFIX system and regulations for the use of child restraints are mentioned. There is also a division of rules according to the age of children.

What does it mean?

The “other means” excluded from the law left a loophole that allowed motorists to increase their child’s height to 150 cm, which was recognized as sufficient for travel without a car seat or booster, for example, using a stack of books. This method was not reliable: all these devices were not fixed in any way and could not ensure the safety of the child in the event of a collision. However, until 2017, these methods made it possible to circumvent the law and refuse to purchase a child restraint system that complies with international safety standards. The rules now require that only devices that have an instruction manual be used - including the widespread ISOFIX child seat restraint system - and that the instructions in that manual be followed.

Transporting a child without a child restraint

Also, as of July 12, 2017, it is no longer necessary to carry a child in the back seat in a car seat if he is over 7 years old. At the same time, we recommend paying attention to height: if it exceeds 150 cm, and the child is still 5 or 6 years old, then there is only the risk of a fine, but not critical injuries in a collision: the design of standard belts is optimal for passengers 1.5 m tall and above. And on the contrary: if the child is over 7 years old, but has not yet reached the required level, it is too early to refuse a car seat or booster. At the same time, the rules regarding the front seat are uncompromising - children can only be placed there in a child restraint system up to the age of 11. Many manufacturers recommend installing a car seat (from 0 to 6 months) rear-facing (the airbag must be turned off in the front seat), and child restraint systems for older children are usually placed facing forward.

What are the consequences of a violation?

In addition to the fact that without a car seat (or with one, but installed incorrectly), a child will be in great danger, it is worth remembering that violation of clause 22.9 is punishable by a fine comparable to the price of some child restraint models. According to Article 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, part 3, it is 3,000 rubles.

Leaving a child alone: when is it possible and when is it not?

Another important change for children's road transport, which was introduced in 2017 by Resolution No. 761 along with the new text of clause 22.9, is traffic rules clause 12.8 on parking rules.

Text of the law

“The driver may leave his seat or leave the vehicle if he has taken the necessary measures to prevent the vehicle from moving spontaneously or being used in the absence of the driver.

It is prohibited to leave a child under 7 years of age in a vehicle while it is parked in the absence of an adult.”

What does it mean?

At first glance, it seems that now you can’t leave a child alone in a car, even to pay for gas. But the traffic rules clearly separate the concepts of “parking” and “stop”:

Parking is the intentional stopping of the movement of a vehicle for a period of more than 5 minutes for reasons not related to the embarkation or disembarkation of passengers or the loading or unloading of the vehicle.

Stopping is a deliberate stopping of the movement of a vehicle for up to 5 minutes, as well as for longer if this is necessary for boarding or disembarking passengers or loading or unloading the vehicle.

Children not secured in a child restraint system in a car

That is, according to the law, a child under 7 years old can be left in the car during a stop (up to 5 minutes, if we are not talking about loading or unloading the vehicle). Let us add that this should only be done if you are confident that the car is in good working order and have provided the child with comfortable conditions: for example, you have opened the windows in the heat.

What are the consequences of a violation?

By leaving a child alone in the car for a long time, you risk not only his health and life, but also your own wallet: according to the article of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the fine will range from 500 to 2,500 rubles. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation also includes liability under the article “Leaving in danger,” which provides for more serious penalties: in addition to a fine of up to 80 thousand rubles or in the amount of six months’ salary, they may be required to work for up to 360 hours or a year, or even place under arrest.

Conclusion

The minimum legal requirements for transporting children are the presence of a car seat or booster and careful attention to the child during a stop or parking. Considering the risk to the child’s health and the size of fines for violating traffic rules, we do not recommend making child restraint systems a way to save the family budget.

On Wednesday, amendments to the Traffic Rules that regulate the transportation of children came into force.

According to him, the State Traffic Inspectorate notes that the effectiveness of the use of child restraints has been confirmed by numerous studies.

“In particular, such devices can reduce the risk of injury to children under four years of age by 80%, and to children aged five to nine years by 52%,” Kuzin noted.

At the same time, against the backdrop of a general decrease in accidents on Russian roads, the traffic police note that this year the child mortality rate in road accidents has jumped sharply. Thus, in the first half of the year, 182 children died in accidents, which is 23% more than in the same period last year. The number of accidents with serious consequences, as well as children injured, has also increased, albeit not so significantly.

In addition, the traffic police noted that violations by drivers of the rules for transporting child passengers (without seat belts or restraints) over the 6 months of 2017 were recorded in 465 road accidents (+16%), in which 35 (+52.2%) died. children and 546 (+18.7%) were injured.

In total, in the first half of the year, the State Traffic Inspectorate identified 431,583 cases of violation of the requirements for the transportation of child passengers. Over the entire last year, almost 781 thousand violations were identified.

In addition, administrative liability is being introduced for those adults who leave passengers under seven years of age alone in the cabin during parking. Similar cases are regularly recorded in various regions, including when a car is towed to an impound lot.

As Vladimir Kuzin, deputy head of the Russian State Traffic Safety Inspectorate, noted at the same press conference, the new norm is prescribed in paragraph 12.8 of the traffic rules. According to him, the fine for this violation under Part 1 of Art. 12.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation will be 500 rubles, and in Moscow and St. Petersburg under Part 5 of Art. 12.19 already 2500 rubles.

In Russia, finally, which concerns the rules for transporting children in cars. So from now on, the new rules for transporting children under 11 years of age are regulated by changes to the traffic rules adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation No. 761 of June 28, 2017.

For example, new rules oblige drivers to transport children under 7 years of age only using child restraint systems () that are appropriate for the child’s weight and height. That is, from now on it is strictly prohibited to transport children using “belt adapters”, frameless devices and other seat belt guides. For violating this traffic rule, the driver faces a fine of 3,000 rubles.

Transportation of children under 7 years of age is permitted only in car seats and boosters.

How can children under 7 years of age be transported in a car?

Let us recall that previously the legislation allowed drivers to use, in addition to car seats and boosters, when transporting children, various "other devices" , which include: book, frameless device, seat belt strap corrector (adapter).

But, according to changes in traffic rules, now the words "other devices" removed on the basis of Government Decree No. 761 of June 28, 2017.

Accordingly, transportation of children under 7 years of age is now possible only in special car seats, boosters, which take into account the height and weight of the child.

So, according to the new Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 761, changes are made to paragraph 22.9 of the traffic rules:

Traffic rules 29.9 Transporting children in a car

"Transportation of children under the age of 7 years in a car and a truck cab that is designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system*, should be carried out using child restraint systems (devices) that are appropriate for the weight and height of the child.

* The name of the ISOFIX child restraint system is given in accordance with the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR RS 018/2011 “On the safety of wheeled vehicles”.

The ban on children's vehicles for transporting children was necessary in connection with studies that found that such devices not only do not protect children during an accident, but also aggravate the consequences of the accident.

Thus, as a result of comprehensive tests, experts found that such devices do not provide adequate safety for children compared to car seats and boosters.

It is also worth noting that during testing of frameless child restraint devices, seat belt adapters and other similar devices, it turned out that the consequences of an accident for a child are aggravated in comparison with seat belts provided for by the design of the vehicle and used to secure the child without any additional devices.

That is, in other words, seat belt adapters, frameless devices, etc., cause more harm than simple car seat belts.

How to transport children aged 7 to 11 years?

According to changes in the Russian Federation Traffic Regulations, on the basis of Russian Government Decree No. 761, clause 29.9 also includes changes related to the transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years.

Here is a quote from the new traffic rules:

Transportation of children aged 7 to 11 years (inclusive) in a car and a truck cab that is designed with seat belts or seat belts and an ISOFIX child restraint system must be carried out using (devices) appropriate for the weight and height of the child, or using seat belts, and in the front seat of a passenger car - only with the use of child restraint systems (devices) corresponding to the weight and height of the child.

It is prohibited to transport children under the age of 12 on the back seat of a motorcycle.

Is it possible to transport a child between 7 and 11 years old in the front seat without using a car seat?

According to the new changes to the traffic rules (clause 29.9), children aged 7 to 11 years are prohibited from being transported without a car seat in the front seat.

Accordingly, in case of violation of this clause of the traffic rules, the driver faces a fine for violating the rules for transporting children in a car. A fine of 3,000 rubles.

Is it possible to transport children aged 7 to 11 years in the back seat of a car without a car seat?

Yes, according to the Government Decree, which amends clause 29.9 of the Russian Traffic Regulations, it is permitted to transport a child in the back seat aged 7 to 11 years, both in a car seat and without it. But in this case mandatory use of seat belts.

Accordingly, the use of seat belt adapters and frameless child restraints for transporting children in a vehicle is prohibited.

So, according to the new legislation, the driver has the right to transport a child in the back seat without using a car seat. In this case, you need to fasten a child between 7 and 11 years old with a regular vehicle seat belt.

Is it dangerous to transport children aged 7 to 11 years without car seats?

It is worth noting that the appearance in the traffic rules of a clause permitting the transportation of children from 7 to 11 years old, on the one hand, simplifies the rules for transporting a child in a car, but on the other hand, it makes you think that transporting children using seat belts does not always provide adequate protection during an accident .

Here it’s all about the height and weight of a child aged 7 to 11 years. After all, you must admit that children are different. For example, it is not uncommon for a 7-8 year old child to have the height and weight of a 10-11 year old child, and vice versa, it is not uncommon for an 11 year old child to have a small weight and height comparable to a younger child.

Accordingly, if you fasten a seat belt on a child aged 10-11 years old, who looks like a child 7-9 years old (due to height and weight), then the seat belt will not be able to fully protect the child from the serious consequences of an accident, since the seat belt is in principle designed for passengers of a height and weight that generally corresponds to people over 12 years of age.

So we recommend that drivers still use a strictly special car seat for transporting children under 11 years of age, which is naturally safer for your child compared to conventional seat belts.

Yes, of course, if your 10-11 year old child looks like a 12-14 year old teenager, then it is not advisable to buy a special chair for him. In this case, you should use standard seat belts when transporting a child in the back seat.

Remember that just because the law allows children between the ages of 7 and 11 to be transported without a seat does not mean that this is the safest method of transport for your child. The main thing is height and weight.

For example, if your child is not tall enough, then if he is wearing a seat belt in the back seat, there is a risk that during an accident the lap belt strap will move onto the stomach, which can lead to severe injury to the abdominal organs, which is naturally dangerous to the child's life.

This occurs due to the peculiarities of the skeletal structure of children under 12 years of age. Accordingly, if your child is small in stature and weight, and despite the fact that his age allows you, in accordance with current legislation, to transport children using seat belts, it is best to use it to provide maximum protection for the child in the event of an accident .

Also remember that under no circumstances should you transport children aged 7 to 11 years in the front seat using a seat belt, since this is not only now prohibited by paragraph 29.9 of the traffic rules, for violation of which you face a fine of 3,000 rubles, but and very dangerous, since even in a minor accident, a child in the front seat can be seriously injured.

When will the new rules for transporting children in a car come into force?

According to current legislation, Government Decrees come into force seven days from the date of their official publication. Since Resolution No. 761 of June 28, 2017 was officially published on the website of the Government of the Russian Federation on July 3, 2017, the new rules for transporting children in a car will come into force on July 10, 2017.

22.1. Transportation of people in the back of a truck must be carried out by drivers who have a driver's license for the right to drive a vehicle of category "C" or subcategory "C1" for 3 years or more.

In the case of transporting people in the back of a truck in the amount of more than 8, but not more than 16 people, including passengers in the cabin, the driver’s license is also required to have an authorization mark confirming the right to drive a vehicle of category “D” or subcategory “D1”, in in case of transportation of more than 16 people, including passengers in the cabin - category "D".

(as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 24, 2014 N 1097)