1c online training accounting 8.3. Manufacturing plant management

1C UPP 8 is my favorite software product in the 8.2 line. The program turned out to be multifunctional and surprisingly flexible, especially after adding the advanced cost analytics (ACCA) mode. An endless variety of options for building business processes. All projects turned out completely different. In addition, UPP has a budgeting block - the pinnacle of management accounting.

One of the first issues that implementers will decide when it comes to SCP is the cost accounting regime. Which is more suitable: batch accounting or advanced analytics. What is the difference, what does this mean in your work, what should you ask?

The mechanism itself was primarily invented to solve the problems of complex production, with many redistributions and counter releases. To calculate the cost, the program algorithm includes the formation and solution of the system linear equations. This allows you to significantly speed up the calculation of complex issues.

When you select the advanced cost analytics mode, the data storage structure in the program and cost calculation algorithms change significantly. Moreover, the RAUZ mechanism is also used to account for inventory, since in the ideology of advanced analytics, inventory is also a cost.

In the traditional (batch) accounting mode, the cost of inventories and expenses are stored in the corresponding accumulation registers: more than 30 accumulation registers, not counting IFRS.

In the advanced analytics mode, only 2 accumulation registers are used: “Cost accounting (managed accounting)” and “Cost accounting (accounting and cash accounting)”. When forming register movements, the principle of double entry is observed. You can find out the entire path traveled by a cost throughout the enterprise.

In the traditional mode, the chronology of write-offs is maintained with an accuracy of up to a second, and in the RAUZ mode - with an accuracy of up to a month. Therefore, in advanced analytics, the cost of inventory write-off during the month is always the same, even when choosing the FIFO method.

Write-off finished products always produced at average cost. In addition, the cost of writing off inventories/expenses for each document is unknown, since the receipt document is not taken into account in the RAUZ. Therefore, additional refinement of many reports will be required, for example, “Gross Profit”.

Therefore, the use of advanced cost analytics is not practical for enterprises that are satisfied with the speed of work in the traditional mode and do not require any global modification of the standard solution.

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The book is intended for both beginners and experienced accountants, economists, and heads of organizations. A clear step-by-step presentation of the material and clear practical examples will help even untrained users get started with the program quickly and efficiently. The book is also recommended for students of higher and secondary special education. educational institutions, teachers and students of courses on the practical use of the 1C: Accounting 8.3 program.

We launch the program “1C: Accounting 8.3”.
In this section we will look at the launch and main aspects of working with the 1C: Accounting 8.3 program.

After installing the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 program system, a new program group 1C Enterprise 8 appears in the Start menu.
grams, the “1C:Enterprise 8.3” program system can operate in various modes, and the use of these launch modes in further work is determined by the user’s choice: either the “Configurator” mode is selected for setting up the configuration, or the “1C:Enterprise” mode for direct management accounting in a programme.

In our book, we consider the program “1C: Accounting 8.3” in practical use for an accountant user, therefore in the description of this and subsequent chapters we will cover only the user mode of operation of the program.

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In this section, we begin a review series of articles that will help you master the “1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management” configuration.

Introduction

"1C: Management manufacturing enterprise 8" is a comprehensive application solution covering the main contours of management and accounting at a manufacturing enterprise. The solution allows you to organize a comprehensive information system that meets corporate, Russian and international standards and ensures the financial and economic activities of the enterprise.

The application solution creates a unified information space for displaying financial economic activity enterprises, covering basic business processes. At the same time, access to stored information is clearly delineated, as well as the possibility of certain actions depending on the status of employees.

At enterprises of a holding structure, a common information base can cover all organizations included in the holding. This significantly reduces the labor intensity of record keeping due to the reuse of common information sets by different organizations. At the same time, end-to-end management and regulated (accounting and tax) accounting is maintained for all organizations, but regulated reporting is generated separately for organizations.

The fact of a business transaction is registered once and is reflected in management and regulated accounting. There is no need to re-enter information. The means of registering a business transaction is a document, and to speed up the work, mechanisms for substituting “default” data and entering new documents based on previously entered ones are widely used.

In the applied solution, the following ratio of various accounting data is adopted:

• independence of management, accounting and tax accounting data;
• comparability of management, accounting and tax accounting data;
• coincidence of sum and quantitative estimates of assets and liabilities according to management, accounting and tax accounting data, in the absence of objective reasons for their discrepancy.

Data entered by users is quickly controlled by the application solution. So, when registering a cash payment Money the system will check the availability of funds taking into account existing requests for their spending. And when registering the shipment of products, the system will check the status of mutual settlements with the recipient of the goods.

The application solution comes with a set of interfaces, which provides each user with priority access to the data and mechanisms of the application solution that he needs.

Regulated (accounting and tax) accounting for organizations is carried out in national currency, while for management accounting for the enterprise as a whole, any currency can be chosen. In different organizations the same information base Different taxation systems may be used: in some organizations - general system taxation, in others - simplified; Different tax and accounting policies may be used. In addition, a taxation system in the form of a single tax on imputed income can be applied to certain types of activities of an organization.

In addition to management and regulated accounting, you can maintain accounting according to international standards financial statements(IFRS). In order to reduce labor intensity, accounting under IFRS is carried out non-operatively, using translation (recalculation) of data from other types of accounting.

When developing the “1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management 8” solution, both modern international enterprise management techniques (MRP II, CRM, SCM, ERP, ERP II, etc.) and the experience of successful automation of manufacturing enterprises accumulated by 1C and partner companies were taken into account. community. Specialists from the companies “ITRP” (production management) and “1C-Rarus” (accounting according to IFRS) participated in the design and development of the configuration. On methodological issues of implementing management, financial accounting and the preparation of financial statements under IFRS, consulting support is provided by the world-famous auditing and consulting company PricewaterhouseCoopers.

The solution "1C:Manufacturing Enterprise Management 8" was developed on the modern technology platform "1C:Enterprise 8". Included in delivery software product, in addition to the platform, includes the “Manufacturing Enterprise Management” configuration.

High reliability and performance of the application solution, scalability, construction of geographically distributed systems, and integration with other information systems are ensured. The internal structure of the application solution is completely open for study and customization to the specific needs of the enterprise.

The 1C company is finalizing and developing the “Manufacturing Enterprise Management” configuration in order to reflect changes in legislation and expand functionality. Ensured prompt updating of installed application solutions. 1C and its partners provide a multi-level technical support system.

"1C: Manufacturing Enterprise Management 8" is the flagship application solution of the 1C company with the widest range of functionality. The general concept of the solution is illustrated by the diagram.

All application solution automation mechanisms can be divided into two large classes:

• mechanisms for maintaining the operational activities of the enterprise; mechanisms for maintaining non-operational accounting.
• Areas belonging to operating activities can be distinguished in each type of accounting (with the exception of accounting under IFRS).

In addition, the application solution is divided into separate subsystems responsible for solving groups of similar problems: a cash management subsystem, a personnel management subsystem, an accounting subsystem, etc. This division is a certain convention that makes it easier to master the application solution. In the current work of users, the boundaries between subsystems are practically not felt.

The latest edition of the Manufacturing Enterprise Management configuration, numbered 1.3, clearly demonstrates the benefits new version 8.2 of the 1C:Enterprise platform. The configuration can be used in normal application mode, familiar to users of previous editions.

"1C:Manufacturing Enterprise Management 8" can be used in a number of departments and services of manufacturing enterprises, including:

• directorate ( CEO, financial director, Commercial Director, production director, chief engineer, HR director, IT director, development director); economic planning department;
• production workshops;
• production and dispatch department;
• chief designer department;
• chief technologist department;
• chief mechanic department;
• sales department;
• logistics (supply) department;
• marketing department;
• warehouses for materials and finished products;
• accounting;
• Human Resources Department;
• department of labor organization and employment;
• IT service;
• administrative and economic department;
• capital construction department;
• information and analytical department;
• department of strategic development.

It is expected that the implementation of the application solution will have the greatest effect at enterprises with a workforce of several tens to several thousand people, with tens and hundreds of automated workstations, as well as in holding and network structures.

"1C:Manufacturing Enterprise Management 8" provides:

• for the management of the enterprise and managers responsible for business development - ample opportunities for analysis, planning and flexible management of the company's resources to increase its competitiveness; heads of departments, managers and employees directly involved in production, sales, supply and other activities to support the production process - tools , allowing you to increase the efficiency of daily work in your areas;
• employees of the enterprise's accounting services - tools for automated accounting in full compliance with legal requirements and corporate standards of the enterprise.

Production accounting and costs as the main subject of its study

The main component of managing a manufacturing enterprise is production accounting.

Production accounting is a complex and interesting technology, with its own methods and techniques. Task production accounting- taking into account the entire process of cost transformation: costs change their nature, merge, split, transform in various ways during production, i.e. The subject of production accounting is dynamically changing objects. For example, production accounting gives an answer to the question: what is the cost of a product if its production required a certain amount of incurred cost No. 4, consisting of parts costs No. 1 and No. 2 and fully accounted costs No. 3. Why parts? Because, for example, materials of a certain large volume are purchased, and first you need to calculate what part of this total volume of materials was spent per unit of production. The same applies to many other costs - electricity, etc. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the entire history of the passage of costs through production - from the moment the cost arises in accounting until it is included in the cost price and sold as part of the product, and its occurrence in accounting and inclusion in the cost price may be in different reporting periods.

Installation and launch of the soft starter

To work, we need the 1C 8.2 platform. Release UPP can be taken from any latest edition 1.3.
We will work with the “demo” database. In the database settings, select “Thick client” as the main launch mode. The rest of the settings can be left as default.

For those who are not yet familiar with the 8.2 platform, we will give a brief reference to the term “thick client”.
A thick client in a client-server architecture is an application that provides (as opposed to a thin client) advanced functionality, independent of the central server. Often the server in this case is only a data storage, and all the work on processing and presenting this data is transferred to the client’s machine.
Advantages of a fat client
The thick client has a wide range of functionality, unlike the thin client.
Multi-user mode.
Provides the ability to work even when communication with the server is interrupted.
It has the ability to connect to banks without using the Internet.
High performance.
Flaws
Large distribution size.
Much of the client's performance depends on the platform for which it was developed.
When working with it, problems arise with remote access to data.
Quite a complex installation and configuration process.
The complexity of updating and the associated irrelevance of data.

When launching the installed demo database, select the user “Abdulov”, he has full rights. There is no need to specify a password.

In order to study the UPP, when you first start, redefine the “Abdulov” user interface to “Full”: menu “Users - Users - Administration - Abdulov - double-click to open the Abdulov form - field "Main interface" - Full - button Record and close." Then in the toolbar, click on the “Switch interface” button and select the “Full” option.

On the concepts of “Enterprise” and “Organization”, “Regulated” and Management Accounting.” An enterprise is a collection of all organizations for which records are kept in the database. « Regulated accounting"is determined by the fact that the rules for its conduct are determined by law. " Management Accounting“Each enterprise can have its own; the rules for its operation are not regulated in any way and are determined by the management of a particular enterprise. The configuration of the management accounting system contains a certain vision of how best (more convenient, more visual, more rational) to conduct management accounting, but each specific enterprise may have its own vision of its management due to the fact that there are no uniform rules and standards, and in this case it will need to be modified. In the typical configuration of UPP, management accounting is actually based on the requirements of primarily accounting, while reporting in management accounting is aimed at realizing the need for planning purchases, costs, etc. The implementation of management accounting does not use the principle of double entry, i.e. for example, you can capitalize something “out of nowhere”, and there will be no debt, etc. Regulated accounting conducted for each organization separately. Managerial- partly for the enterprise as a whole.

About international accounting. The introduction stated that it is possible to maintain international records in the UPP. It is worth noting that this option appears only if in the settings accounting policy maintenance of batch records is specified. If (see in the “Accounting Manager” interface in the “Accounting Settings - Accounting Settings” menu) you select advanced cost accounting analytics (instead of batch accounting), then it will not be possible to maintain international accounting.

Terms used, designations of objects that 1C operates and that need to be understood when working with the database

• Directories
• Transfers
• Constants
• Plans for types of calculations
• Characteristic type plans
• Register of information
• Document
• Accumulation register
• Chart of accounts
• Report
• Treatment

Directories

A directory is a collection of different meanings for something. The directory consists of Directory elements. Each value of a directory element is characterized by a given set of parameters. Usually one of the parameters of a directory element is non-repeating - for each element of the directory its value is unique. Typically this is the dictionary element code. Usually the directory is replenished, i.e. You can add new elements to it as you work with the database (there are also directories that are not updated, usually some kind of classifiers downloaded from other places).
Directories are useful because they allow you to fill out documents many times faster, while the element will be named and presented the same everywhere; once you have set the parameters of the element, you can use them wherever needed.

Each directory element is an object that can be referenced from other places. For example, there is such a directory “Counterparties”:


Let's say you need to enter data about the next arrival of goods and services into the database. Instead of writing in the appropriate place the name of the counterparty “InnoTrade LLP” and indicating all its characteristics that may be required in order to process the receipt, it will be enough to select the appropriate element of the “Counterparties” directory.

Or, for example, there is such a directory - “Currencies”:

Instead of writing the name of the currency and indicating its rate in each receipt, we can simply select the value of the currency directory in the right place:

Information registers

An information register is a type of information storage device that looks very similar to a directory. But unlike a directory, a line in the information register cannot be specified as an object—a register line cannot be referenced, such as, for example, a specific counterparty in the “Counterparties” directory. But in the information register you can store, for example, the history of changes to some element of the directory. For example, the history of changes in the values ​​of elements of the “Currencies” directory is stored in the “Currency Rates” information register:

By storing currency history in the “Currency Rates” register, there is no need to indicate the rate many times for each receipt. The program itself will determine it, if necessary, by date.

Transfers

Enumeration - special case reference book. An enumeration is a given fixed set of values ​​for something. Unlike a directory, each enumeration value has no additional parameters.

Constants

A constant is the value of something, usually determined when starting to work with the database once and for all. In particular, accounting policy settings are stored in SCP constants.

Plans for types of calculations

A special type of directory that describes the algorithms for accruals and deductions, and some other information necessary for calculating accruals and deductions.

Characteristic type plans

A special type of directory that describes some additional information that database objects contain.

Documentation

A document is a means of entering data, processing entered data with the ability to take into account existing data and convert existing data, taking into account the input data, into an information database.

Documents can be divided into several types:

• reflecting the fact of economic activity - for example, a registration document in the database of receipt of goods and services (as a result of the document, goods must be posted to the warehouse, a debt must appear to the supplier, VAT must be recorded, transactions must be registered, etc.) or the “Report” document production per shift" (records the fact of production of products, their movement to the warehouse, registers transactions, etc.)
• regulatory documents - documents that carry out actions that must be performed at a given frequency - for example, calculate depreciation or calculate wages, reflect wages in accounting, calculate the cost of production, pay off the cost of production, close the year (with balance sheet reform), distribute materials for production, distribute costs, etc.
• planning documents - registration of the fact of planning of some events, recording of planned indicators (sales plan, production plan, production by shifts, procurement plan, buyer order, supplier order, production order, order for maintenance of fixed assets)
• managers - are entered to control the work of other documents (for example, setting discounts - the document specifies the conditions for granting a discount, so that then, if the buyer reaches these conditions, he is automatically given a discount)
• inventory - documents for clarification, updating balances, for example, balances of work in progress or fixing balances of defective costs (note: in the SCP configuration, inventory documents do not write information in the register, but store it only in themselves).

Accumulation registers

Accumulation registers are the main storage of quantitative and total data in the database. Each of the accumulation registers stores its own specific information. Accumulation registers can be divided into groups according to the type of information stored:

• Fixed assets
• Production
• Stock

Moreover, this data can be stored in different registers depending on the accounting section, for example, the register Defects in production (international accounting), Defects in production (accounting), Defects in production (tax accounting).

From the point of view of the method of storing information, accumulation registers are residual And negotiable.

Residual accumulation registers are designed to store only residuals at any given time. Current registers store data on how the balance has changed over time, i.e. at this moment, so much was received as a result of such and such an action, at that moment, so much was lost as a result of another action. Circulating registers allow you to analyze the history of changes in an amount or quantity over a period of time in the context of certain parameters. For example, a sales register will show how much and for what amount a specific product was sold to which counterparties over a certain period of time.

Information appears in accumulation registers when working with documents, i.e. the documents put it there.

Chart of accounts

A typical UPP configuration contains four charts of accounts (and, accordingly, 4 accounting registers - physically, information on charts of accounts is stored in the corresponding accounting registers):

• Budgeting
• International
• Tax
• Self-supporting

Because In the implementation of management accounting, the principle of double entry is not observed, then a chart of accounts is not needed for it. Accordingly, in the standard configuration of the SCP, a management balance is not formed. To do this, you can either modify the configuration, or, which is preferable, use the budgeting subsystem (it allows you to store very different information, you can create a special scenario “Management Balance Sheet” and, using management accounting data, enter information according to this scenario in order to ultimately obtain a management balance sheet, but more on that later)

The UPP contains information that is stored only on the chart of accounts (for example, information about 80-90 accounts, data about initial cost objects intangible assets, acquisition of intangible assets (account 08.05), Carrying out research, development and technological work (account 08.08), R&D expenses, part of the costs of the 29th account, etc.), there is also information that is stored only in accumulation registers (everything related to planning, orders, reservations, etc.) and there is information stored both on the chart of accounts and in the accumulation register (warehouse accounting, cost accounting, etc.). Note. Examples in brackets are given in the “accounting” section. The same features exist in other types of accounting.

Let's look at an example. Open the document “Receipt of goods and services” - menu “Documents - Purchasing Management - Receipt of Goods and Services”. For example, open the first document. Look at its postings using the icon. Pay attention to what analytics account 10 has: i.e. After the receipt is processed, information about the item and warehouse will be stored on the chart of accounts.

Now look at the movements of the document using the “Go – Document movements by registers” button:

A report on document movements will open. You can collapse the group tree by clicking in the report field and then simultaneously pressing the key combination “Ctrl + Shift + MINUS key in the NumLock keyboard section.” Look at (expand) the group “Accumulation register “Batch of goods in warehouses (accounting)””:

Pay attention to the details circled - this analytics was not on the chart of accounts. But it is on this accumulation register.

There are documents that correct only the entries in the chart of accounts, and there are, so to speak, full-fledged documents that correct all the required information, including advanced analytics in registers.

You need to understand that full-fledged documents record information primarily in registers, and only the extracts of this information required for the balance sheet are written on the chart of accounts. In addition, any calculations required "as you go" always use ledger data, and only the results of these calculations can be recorded as entries on the chart of accounts. Accordingly, if you correct only chart of accounts transactions, this does not mean that everything will get better everywhere on its own, because... nothing will get into the registers with advanced analytics. Those. all work should be carried out in the appropriate, “correct” documents, and not by adjusting entries in the chart of accounts.
If, however, you start manually adjusting the entries in the chart of accounts, you will have to adjust them further - for example, the “Calculation of Costs” document for the coming month will not take into account any transactions adjusted in the chart of accounts, it works with registers and only writes the result to the chart of accounts , - as a result, the amount of work may increase so much that it will become impossible to use the program.
Before using a document, the accountant must understand whether this document adjusts only entries, or whether it corrects information wherever necessary. To check, you can use the report, which was already mentioned above, which opens by clicking the “Go – Document movements by registers” button.

In extreme cases, when the problem cannot be solved with a complete document existing in the database that records information both in the accumulation registers and in the chart of accounts, you should use not only the transaction adjustment document, but also a special document for adjusting the accumulation registers. At the same time, of course, you need to understand well not only what entries should be made on the chart of accounts, but also in which accumulation registers, and how, the information should be corrected so that the adjustment ultimately turns out to be complete - this is a very delicate matter and complex, it is better to trust it only to a very good specialist.

Reports

A report is a means of obtaining information from a database, processed and specially prepared in a form that is understandable, convenient and required by the user. There are a lot of reports in the configuration, they all have their own purpose.

Examples of existing reports:

• Reports generated based on chart of accounts data:
• Turnover balance sheet
• Chess sheet
• Account analysis, etc.

• Regulated reports

In the SCP version 1.3.7.1 configuration, calling the tool for working with regulated reports is not available in the “full interface”. Therefore, in order to find it, switch to the “Accounting and Tax Accounting” interface:

In this interface, the tool for working with regulated reporting is located in the “Accounting” menu:

• Reports based on data from accumulation registers, information registers, directories, etc. (product output, production plans, production defects, analysis of the availability of goods in warehouses, analysis of the availability of funds, etc.). Typically, if a report is generated based on data from one register, its name contains the word “statement”. If a report is generated based on data from several different registers, then the word “analysis” is usually used in the title of the report.

• Custom reports.

For advanced users, there is a mechanism for creating their own reports. We will talk about them in more detail a little later.

Treatments

Processing is a 1C:Enterprise tool with which some program-specified data transformation is performed. Unlike reports, processing writes this converted data to the database. For example, in the “Nomenclature” directory, you need to replace the person responsible for its purchase with S.G. Chugunova. on Ubeikin V.Ya. To do this, you can use the “Group processing of directories and documents” processing:

Fill in the processing fields as follows:

And click on the “Select” button. Then go to the “Processing” tab:

Select “Action” and new value. And click on the “Run” button. As a result, the entire nomenclature to which the responsible purchasing manager was assigned was S.G. Chugunova. There will be a new manager responsible for purchasing.

The configuration also contains special processing that performs some routine actions. For example, calculation of product costs performed according to a schedule.

Principles of working with documents

In this section we will look at the basic principles of working with documents: creation, recording, holding (operational and non-operative, deferred), marking for deletion, deleting documents.

Creating documents

The document can be created different ways. Let's look at the example of the document “Receipt of goods and services”

Method 1. - using the “Add(Ins)” tool. Creating a new document can be done by clicking on the “Add” icon from the list of documents that opens directly from the main menu of the program. Let's say you want to create a document “Receipt of goods and services”. From the main menu of the program you can open a list of these documents:

Then, in the list of receipts that opens, select one of the methods circled in the figure (they are equivalent, the same thing is done):

As a result of this, a new document “Receipt of goods and services” will open and then you will need to fill in all its fields sequentially (and do not forget about the different tabs of this document - circled in a frame):

Method 2. - using the copy mechanism. Creating a new document can be done by clicking on the “Add by copying” icon:

In this case, the document on which the cursor is positioned in the list of documents will be copied and its copy will open. This copy will already have the document fields filled in. All that remains is to edit them if necessary:

Of course, this method is most often much faster. easy creation document.

Method 3. - using the input mechanism on the base. You can create a new document from the base document. For example, “Receipt of goods and services” can be created by entering based on the document “Receipt order for goods”. In this case, firstly, the original receipt order for goods will become the basis for the created document “Receipt of goods and services” and secondly, the thus created “Receipt of goods and services” will be automatically filled with data from the basis document. To call the input mechanism on the basis, you need to open the document “Receipt order for goods” and click on the input icon on the basis. Moreover, the same can be done without opening the “Incoming order for goods” itself, but directly from the list of “Incoming orders for goods”, only by first positioning the cursor on the required document. See the figure, the input methods on the base are circled:

The created new receipt document will “take” the list of goods from the parent receipt order:

Method 4. - using special treatments. The creation of a new document can be done automatically when some special processing is running. Usually in this case, many documents are created at once (processing is needed to speed up the process when some kind of mass actions or a given sequence of actions are required). This method will be discussed in more detail later.

Recording documents

The document is written to the database when you click the “Write” button. Until this button is pressed in a new document, the document will not be saved in the database, and in the event of some unexpected interruption (for example, a power outage), the unrecorded document will be lost. This is especially important to know when working with documents containing a lot of information, for example, a large tabular part filled out manually. Write down documents often so you don't have to enter data again. At the time of recording a document, no important changes occur in the database that affect other data not related to this document, i.e. when recording, the data is simply saved, and this data is saved only within the document; the information does not go anywhere further yet.

Note. It is at the moment of recording that the document takes its place in the database on the time line among documents of the same type. Let us explain in more detail. Look at the "from" field with the date and time of the document:

When creating a document, the time is not filled, but when recording, it is filled to the nearest second. At the same time, at the same second, documents of the same type can be written down by other users of your database (i.e. suppose that several users of the same database clicked on the “Write” button, each in their own “Goods Receipt” document and services” and it happened at the same second). Each of the recorded documents, despite the same time, will occupy its own position within one second. Those. even within one second on the “time line” of document creation, each document will have its own unique place - it is when the document is recorded that this place is assigned to it.

In general, depending on the type of document, it may be that apart from the recording, nothing else is needed, i.e. the document is intended only for storing data within itself (*see the list of such documents below), but for most types of documents the record is not enough. The fact is that, in general, a document is not the most convenient storage of information; its capabilities in this regard are limited.

*List of documents that are only recorded:

“Act of reconciliation of mutual settlements”, “Power of attorney”, “Document of settlements with the counterparty (manual accounting)”, “Request for information services for the taxpayer”, “Inventory of defects in production” and all other types of inventory, “Unformalized document tax authority"", "Unformalized document of the taxpayer", "Survey", "Report on the composition of the shift", "Distribution of questionnaires", "Calculation of the planned cost of production", "Regulated report", "Register of accounts", "Invoice for payment to the buyer", "Invoice to pay the supplier”, “Transportation”.

Carrying out documents

As already mentioned, when recording a document, the entered data is simply saved within the document. But for most types of documents, recording is not enough; it is also necessary to conduct it.

Posting a document is a special action that is performed in order to record some information in order to protect it from further accidental modification. In this case, this information can either remain in the document itself (i.e. the document does not make movements somewhere else, for example, in the accumulation register), or be recorded in the form of document movements somewhere: in accumulation registers, information registers, charts of accounts, calculation registers, etc.

That is, documents that do not perform movements anywhere can also be processed. Typically, the point of conducting them is to record some information in a document in order to prevent its further modification. In the typical configuration of UPP version 1.3.7, only two types of documents are carried out, but no movements are performed: “Application for opening accounts” and “Setting item accounting parameters.”

Operational and non-operational processing of documents

Conducting documents can be operative or non-operative.
An operative procedure is one in which the possibility of carrying it out is being checked. What it is?

Let's assume we created and recorded a document that increases the debt of a counterparty. Let’s assume that a certain limit has been established with the counterparty accounts receivable. Let's say a couple of days passed after the document was created and someone entered and posted another document that increases the debt of the same counterparty, and this last document has exhausted the limit of this debt. And here different options for further developments arise.

If the organization still wants prevent release of goods when the counterparty's receivables exceed the balance, we need to check its balance when carrying out. But if we do not change the date, then according to the program the debt will not yet be exceeded - after all, the document that exhausted it was entered later and the balances for mutual settlements for our document recorded earlier will be irrelevant. It is for this purpose that the operational mechanism was introduced - i.e. moving the document to the end of the queue of posted documents, because only in this case can all the necessary checks be performed.

Another way is if it is important for the organization to reflect the fact of a business transaction exactly when it happened. That is, for example, despite the fact that accounts receivable are exceeded, the goods already released and in fact, the client owes more than what was established as acceptable for him. In this case, it is important for us to disable the check and allow it to proceed. Then it would be correct to post the document non-operatively, i.e. without all these checks.

In both cases - both with operative and non-operative implementation, all necessary movements document. However, it is important to understand that If carried out non-operatively, there is a high probability of obtaining irrelevant data in the database, in particular due to user errors. Let's look at a simplified example.

Let’s say, according to the program, there are 10 units of some product in the warehouse. Let's say two orders have arrived for the release of this product: for 7 units and for 5 units. Let's say a document for the release of the first 7 units has been created, but not posted. Then, after some time, a document was posted for the release of 5 units, the balance according to the program data after this release of goods is 5 units. And now it’s time to submit a document for the release of the first 7 units of goods. If the warehouse really doesn’t have seven units, then it’s important for us to try to carry out an operational execution - only in this case the program will perform a check and tell the user that there is a shortage of goods. But what if these 7 units are physically in the warehouse? Those. what to do if you need to reflect the fact of a completed business transaction? As already mentioned, in this case the user needs to process the document non-operatively, no checks will be completed, the document will be processed, the movements will be performed, but according to the program the balance will be minus two units.

As a result, we get a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the user can release the product, because He physically has it. On the other hand, we have irrelevant balances. Those. It is obvious that in reality there cannot be a minus of two units and, most likely, some kind of receipt document has not been carried out.

If all documents were always carried out on time and always promptly, then this would not have happened. But this is a human factor. If data could appear in the program simultaneously with physical changes in the same warehouse... but the data needs to be entered into the program by a person, i.e. this also takes some time.

To update balances, there is a mechanism for re-posting documents. This mechanism is launched only in exclusive mode, i.e. Users will not be able to work with the database at this time. But the longer this is postponed, the larger the chain of documents that needs to be restored and the longer it will take. Therefore, it would be optimal to launch this mechanism quite frequently and regularly.

During operational posting, the document moves in time to the last (current) instant, i.e. defined as last in line.
Of course, the user does not need to specifically track some kind of document queue. This tracking occurs automatically in the program. It is only important for the user to understand that if the program asks a question about whether to carry out the document inoperatively, this means that the recording date of his document does not coincide with the current date, and the user needs to decide whether he agrees to change this date to the current one. To ensure that there is no “conflict of interest in documents”, the user needs to agree to the movement of his document in the queue and still move it quickly. Or the user needs to understand that by agreeing to non-operative processing, the user gives the go-ahead for the possible loss of relevance of the balances (and in this case, sooner or later, it will be necessary to restore the order and update the balances, so it is still better to always try to process the documents promptly).

We already mentioned above that when recording a document, it is assigned some position in the queue of recorded documents. If the recording date is not on the current day, then prompt execution is impossible, even if no other document was created after this document. And first you need to change its date to the current one, or the document will not be processed promptly.

During operational processing, the date no longer changes, only the time of the document changes - it becomes the very last in the queue of documents “on the time line”. As a result of this shift in the queue, it may happen that a document written later than it is, thereby, written before it. However, this does not matter, because... when that document recorded later also begins to be processed, it will in the same way move to the end of the queue - it will move at the moment in time when it will be processed - and it will become the last one.

What will happen then when we launch the mechanism for re-posting all documents in order to update the balances? The program will check the possibility of execution each time and at the moment when, for example, the amount of accounts receivable is exceeded, the execution will stop. And the user will be required to solve this problem: either increase the loan size, or credit some unaccounted advance, or something else... we’ll talk more about the mechanism for re-posting documents later.

In the latest edition of “1C: Trade Management” on platform 8.2 it is implemented new technique document control: “In the configuration, the document processing mechanism has been completely redesigned. Operational control of the results of the execution is carried out after the formation of the movements, in contrast to edition 10.3 (where control was performed before the execution). This solution made it possible to completely separate the execution logic and control logic, radically simplifying the corresponding program code, which, in turn, is important for facilitating configuration modifications, reducing the number of possible errors, and increasing system performance. If necessary, control is carried out both when reposting retroactively and when canceling the posting of a document. For example, the system will not allow you to cancel an order for the shipment of goods to the extent that it has already been executed.” It can be expected that similar changes will gradually flow into new versions of the SCP.

Postponed processing and further processing of documents

As mentioned earlier, when posting documents, movements are often performed in some kind of data storage - accumulation registers, information registers, etc. In order to perform these movements, documents lock register tables. If at the time of posting our document, when trying to block a register, it turns out that this register is already blocked (that is, at the same moment in time some other document is performing operations with this register), then our document will not be able to block it. He will be forced to wait until the register is free. When posting a document, movements are most often performed in a large number of registers at once. Each of these registers is designed to store some kind of information. As a result, the likelihood that there will be a need to wait until one of them is free is quite high.

Mechanisms for delayed execution and additional execution are needed in order to reduce to a minimum the likelihood of the need for such a wait due to the fact that when they are turned on, movements are not performed immediately in all registers in which it is required, but only in the most “urgent” ones - i.e. . in some registers of operational and management accounting. Then, according to a schedule or manually, the follow-up mechanism is launched, i.e. all other movements are performed.

To enable the deferred posting mechanism, you need to create a “Delayed posting setting”: “Switch interface - Accounting manager - Deferred posting - Document follow-up settings” - Add a new element, specify the name and method, for example, “only requiring follow-up” - Then in the same menu “Delayed execution” - item “List of organizations for deferred execution” - add a new line, indicate the date*, organization and the newly created setting.
*The date indicated is usually regular, i.e. shifts monthly. Those. for more efficient work, you need to shift it monthly to the first day of the current month - then at the end of each month the user working with period end documents will be able to normally complete the documents he needs and complete the period. 1. Carrying out: movements are formed along parts registers
2. Follow-up: forms movements along the rest registers

From a conceptual point of view, follow-up is similar to off-line execution by batch.

Follow-up is carried out:

The mechanism is useful if, when entering and posting primary documents:

• requirements to productivity And parallelism are tough
• movements on all registers are not necessary “right now”
• Some of the information necessary for the formation of movements may be unknown - they will become known later.

The mechanism does not apply to all documents, but only to massive, entered simultaneously by a large number of users.

Deferred posting is not used for documents that:

• are introduced rarely
• it is important to carry out straightaway across all registers

For a list of documents for which deferred posting is applied, see.

The “Delayed posting of documents” mechanism is optional. Its use is customizable down to the organization in the form. Postponement is valid from the specified date.

How documents will be posted depends on the location of the document date relative to the start date of the deferred posting:

It makes sense to use delayed posting in a period in which intensive input of primary documents occurs. Therefore, it is recommended to set the start date of the deferred posting at the beginning of the month for which the primary documents are entered.

Additional documentation is carried out in accordance with. It can be launched either automatically according to a schedule or manually.

It makes sense to launch additional processing after the end of intensive input of primary documents. Before starting follow-up, you should make sure that you know all the data for reflecting documents in regulated accounting.

If, after completing the additional posting, the data that affects the reflection of documents in regulated accounting has changed (for example, default account settings), you should re-post all the documents. This can be done by selecting the appropriate completion method in.

The follow-up must be completed before the start of regulatory procedures for closing the month (see the diagram of the “closing the month” procedure).

After the intensive entry of documents for the period has been completed and the documents have been processed, it is advisable to move the start date of the deferred posting forward to the beginning of the next month.

Registers, movements along which are formed when posting a document

If delayed posting is used, when posting documents, movements are generated in the same registers as in the “full” posting mode when the “Reflect in ex.” flag is set. accounting". Typically, these registers are used to make operational decisions.

There are features for the “Cost Accounting” register: movements are formed only when posting “production” documents, documents “Receipt of goods and services”, “Advance report”. When posting all other documents, movements in this register are not generated.

When carrying out documents are not formed movements through registers that are not used for making operational decisions:

Sold goods

Sales cost

Postponed incompatible with modes:

• Write-off of batches when posting documents

  Determination of advances when carrying out documents.

These modes are used when

no performance issues

there is no goal to ensure flexibility in accounting

the higher priority is to get “accurate data right away.”

That is, delayed execution is not required when using such modes.

Cancellation of posting (distribution) of documents

After posting a document, you can cancel its posting using the icon

When you cancel posting, the document again becomes available for modification, and all its previously executed movements are deleted (or become inactive). Then the document can be posted again (possibly quickly, with a shift on the time line, or non-operatively, i.e. without changing the date and time).

Deleting documents

In the case when the user decides that, for example, the document he entered is not needed, he can delete it. Documents are deleted using a deletion mark. Then you can run the “Delete marked objects” processing and delete it permanently, but until then the deletion mark can be removed and the document can be restored. This multi-step deletion is also useful because the "Delete Marked Objects" processing performs data control before deletion and protects objects that are used elsewhere in the database from deletion. For example, it would be wrong to directly and immediately delete any counterparty if it is already indicated in some documents, because in this case, the integrity of the data will be violated - such a document will contain a link to some “unknown object”.

In addition, sometimes documents can be deleted “directly”, i.e. straightaway. Usually direct removal is done by processing: when there are , it would be logical that the same processing could delete them.

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Enterprise 8.3 Practical guide for 1C developer M. G. Radchenko

Year of Issue: 2013
Version: 3
Developer: M. G. Radchenko Publishing house Firm 1C Examples and typical techniques
Developer website: 1c.ru
Bit depth: 32bit-64
Interface language: Russian
Tablet: Not required
System requirements: Processor: 1.4-2.5 GHz RAM 1.0 GB and 10 GB free hard disk space
Description: Book by M. G. Radchenko 1C: Enterprise 8.3. Practical guide for developers. Examples and standard techniques is a manual that allows you to quickly master the techniques of developing and modifying application solutions on the 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform. Using the example of creating a real application solution, the structure of various system objects, their purpose and method of use is shown. Procedures are presented in the built-in language, including using the query language, which are provided with detailed comments. The book can be used both as a practical guide and as a reference guide. The application solution discussed in the book takes into account the accumulated development experience in the 1C:Enterprise 8 system and demonstrates many of the new capabilities and mechanisms provided by version 8.3. The material is intended for beginner developers who are not familiar with the 1C:Enterprise 8 system.

Clear Tutorial 1C Accounting 8.3 - How to prepare a report on retail sales.

"1C:Enterprise 8.3" - This is a significant evolution of the platform architecture towards multi-platform, mobility and web-enabled operation. All these questions, of course, are of interest primarily to experienced developers and are beyond the scope of this book.
However, even for novice developers, this version of the platform contains interesting features that need to be understood and used effectively. The new “Taxi” interface, interface operation without the use of modal windows, new search capabilities by line, convenient techniques for editing program code - these and other innovations of version 8.3 are discussed in this edition. The authors hope that the book will be useful to everyone who wants to learn how to develop application solutions on the new 1C:Enterprise 8.3 platform.

Who is this book for?

The book is based on real example development of an application solution for a small company providing household services. As you study this book, you will learn basic development techniques in the 1C:Enterprise system, master various areas of business automation, including accounting, payroll, etc.
Why was this particular example chosen? On the one hand, the area of ​​service provision is well known to most of us. One way or another, we are constantly faced with a variety of services. This is a repair of various household appliances, car maintenance, laundry and dry cleaning, hairdressing and beauty services and much more.
On the other hand, the activities of a repair company are well suited for demonstrating the capabilities of 1C:Enterprise. There are a variety of services provided to clients, supply of the company necessary materials and their consumption in the provision of services. The work of such an enterprise allows us to consider personnel accounting and calculation wages employees. There is an opportunity to illustrate accounting. This variety of activities makes it possible to demonstrate quite broadly the possibilities of generating various reports and summary data based on available information.
The book is addressed primarily to novice developers taking their first steps in developing application solutions. The explanations given in the book are detailed and accessible even to those who are only vaguely familiar with the basics of programming.
If you are just starting to work with 1C:Enterprise or are even completely unfamiliar with this system, but really want to learn, then this book is for you. The purpose of the book is to “guide you by the hand” through the main stages of developing a simple application solution in the 1C:Enterprise system and show that there is nothing inaccessible to a person with intelligence.
For more experienced developers, this book will also be useful and will allow them to recall or study in more detail certain aspects of development.

Good afternoon, my dear colleagues. With this post I want to open a series of articles in which I will consider the differences in the programs Accounting 8.2 and Accounting 8.3, and ZUP 2.5 and ZUP 3.1 using specific examples.

For 1C programs latest generation The transition to accountants is very difficult. However, let us remember how difficult it was to abandon version 7.7 programs. Many still cannot part with them. Yes, accounting 7.7 was very good. She allowed us a lot and forgave us. It allowed us to “draw with our hands” whatever we wanted and, as a result, there was a higher chance of making a mistake in accounting.

After switching to accounting 8.2, many accountants were surprised to learn that this program has many capabilities for checking the correctness of accounting, it contains many templates and assistants to make our difficult work easier.

And then the accounting program 8.3 appeared. And we, partners of the 1C company, are again going through the same path: to explain and show what new and interesting things the developers have added to the functionality of the program.

When I started writing this article, I thought everything would be simple. I will select several documents and transactions that are not in the Accounting 8.2 program and try to introduce you to them. But it turned out that there are a lot of differences and innovations. It's just a different program.

So, let's begin. What's the first thing we add to the program? Correct: information about your own organization. What new and interesting things do the developers offer us in the organization card?

Information about the organization can be found on the tab Main

Open the organization card.And here's what's missing previous programs accounting: Fill in the TIN details And Logo and seal

Let's look at each of the possibilities.

Fill in the TIN details. This button is available not only in our organization’s card, but also in the counterparty’s card. This is a very convenient feature. You enter only the TIN in the window, and the program itself fills in all the information about the organization that is in the Federal Tax Service database. That. In order to enter a new counterparty into the program, you only need to spend a couple of minutes.

Now let's move on to the section Logo and print. Follow the green arrow to open this section. And we see that you can upload our company’s logo, seal and signatures of the manager and chief into the program. accountant.

Let's download all the data and click on the hyperlink Preview printed form"Invoice to buyer" at the bottom.

It turns out that the program gives us the opportunity to issue an invoice to the buyer with a facsimile signature and seal. This is convenient when you need to send an invoice by email first. And you can bring the original later.

In addition, here it is possible to change the standard text, which in this case talks about the terms of delivery of the goods. What if my company provides only services? Then this text needs to be changed.

This text changes in the section Additional terms for substitution in the account .

We need to choose the conditions Provision of services . Here you can also create your own version of substituting text into the invoice. We save all our changes and try to print an invoice to the buyer. We create or open an account. And by button Seal choose invoice for payment (with stamp and signatures) .

This is the beauty we got: a logo, a seal, signatures and text about the provision of services, and not about the delivery of goods. In general, everything is everything.

Here at the top there are buttons that allow you to save the invoice in any format convenient for you or send it directly from the program to your counterparty:

That's it! And Accounting 3.0 can do it! Without involving additional forces of third-party programmers.

I hope the material was useful to you.

Thank you. See you soon.