Kopek brand of car. The legendary "penny" or how did the first "Lada"

One day, in the mid-sixties, dad came home from work and said:

We will buy Fiat!

What is Fiat? Any Soviet child of the sixties knew perfectly well that there were only three types of cars: Zaporozhets, Moskvich and Volga. Apart from, of course, different Seagulls, as well as extremely rare then foreign cars parked in front of embassies and other representative offices.

The table of ranks of those times was quite understandable. There simply could not be any doubts about the superiority of the Volga over Moskvich or Zaporozhets - why argue about the advantage of a large salary over a small one? To match the authority was the solid price of the GAZ-21: 5602 rubles! Moskvich-408 - simpler and cheaper: 4511 rubles 27 kopecks. Well, Zaporozhets is already a lifelong reason for ridicule: even in an era of scarcity. The "humpback" of the latest model cost 2,400 rubles, and the new, "eared" ones that replaced it went for 3,000. There were no other cars in nature. True, in the International Lottery of the Solidarity of Journalists, some other exotic was played out - the GDR Wartburg, and the Czechoslovak Skoda, but the average resident of the country had no idea what, in general, was being discussed.

The news that a certain fourth car will soon appear on the roads, which will beat everyone else in terms of quality, mass and availability, did not leave anyone indifferent. It was not just about a new small car: the prospects of another automotive era loomed - with hospitable car dealerships, civilized service, the highest quality and something else terribly tempting. Little was required - to build a new plant and ... and, in general, that's all!

The Soviet man cannot be frightened by construction projects. The remains of the flooded Stavropol were baptized in honor of Palmiro Togliatti (an Italian communist who recently died in Yalta). Then, at the still unknown VAZ, a recruitment was announced, at the same time famously erecting a virtually new city, providing the VAZ workers with both apartments and good salaries. Moreover, new buildings with an emblem in the form of an old Russian boat began to appear throughout the country - shops, car services. And it was, of course, great. Communism appeared over the horizon.

However, at first the fate of Fiat did not work out. The stupid name Zhiguli (Zhiguli, Zhiguli, Zhiguli) only increased skepticism - the buyer met the Italian novelty very coldly. The waiting list, waiting in 1970 for the Moskvich-412, contemptuously ignored postcards inviting them to purchase some VAZ-2101 instead of a normal car. Garage "councils of elders" also made fun of the imported "toy" - they say, what kind of car, in which you can't even unscrew the wing? And the first Zhiguli, which appeared “in public”, generally caused bewilderment: why are they somehow dull? It later turned out that the owners, stunned by an excess of feelings, were in no hurry to remove the protective wax layer from the machines. The price also contributed to skepticism - an “affordable” toy with a Hungarian radio receiver cost 5605 rubles! True, the new Volga GAZ-24 at that time already had a dizzying price tag of 9150 rubles, so the Zhiguli was not allowed to head the price list of ranks ...

But then everything was according to Bulgakov. Remember, in "Master ...", when a ladies' shop was opened in the variety show and from there "a brunette came out in such a dress that a sigh swept across the stalls" ... And then it broke completely ... ". So it is here - it broke cleanly, and distrust collapsed overnight. It quickly became clear that the brand new Zhiguli, sparkling in the sun, simply start in the cold, easily put the speedometer needle to the right to failure, know how to silently close the doors, and in terms of comfort they have no competitors at all. The mere fact that the VAZ-2101 easily let three passengers into the back seat instantly transferred the Togliatti little car into the universal category. On this - and to the country, and to work, and on vacation, and to the store, and with his mistress, and just drive along the highway. The possession of Zhiguli for many years has become an indisputable sign of the respectability of the owner. If you have a Zhiguli, then everything is in order with you.

The first "Lada", in general, was very different from its Italian relative. Overhead camshaft, rear drum brakes, revised suspension, larger ground clearance. However, any bolt, on the head of which a joyful vase grower found the inscription FIAT, confidently worked for the Western image of “zero-first” - in the minds of the vast majority of consumers it was a Full-fledged Foreign Car. Note that all fasteners for new machines were made according to “their” standards with tight tolerances: once a tightened connection itself never loosened up. (Although the factory soon learned how to under-tighten these bolts, and the "broaching" operation came into use, which has nothing to do with the broach before launching a rocket from a spaceport.)

However, I did not want to think about anything bad then. Friends of my parents - a wealthy single couple - in 1970 bought a white Zhiguli from the first batch: I had a chance to ride in it several times (as a passenger, of course: I was only 15). Honestly, for me it was space - especially after my dad's "humpback". My father also liked the car, but he grumbled for a long time that we didn’t need such a car, and that the Zaporozhets was also a car. In general, in the end, the parents got into debt for several years, and in June 1972, the radiant father arrived home in brand new light blue Zhiguli. Let me remind you that there were seven color options then - from cherry to dark green.

To be honest, in those days I never heard the term "penny". When asked what kind of car you have, they usually answered “first”, less often - “one”. On the road, the “first” easily overtook anyone, and the declared 62 hp. seemed like a dream come true. However, there were also problems that were previously unknown.

For a brand new car, the kind uncles who hung around the service station and the auto shop immediately offered a “tuning” that could not be refused. First of all, they pressed their hands on the rear panel of the body - at the same time, a beautiful trunk ... opened without a key! The price of tuning is 1 rub.: for this money, some kind of protective bracket was quickly screwed to the lock mechanism. Another innovation - also for 1 rub. - the owner resignedly paid when another kind uncle came up with a screwdriver and showed how easy it is to unscrew the glass from the rear lights - yellow and red. The solution was simple: the fixing screws were screwed in from the inside!

This sedan was the dream of every Soviet motorist. It combines not only an attractive design, but also good driving properties. In addition, the “penny” became the first car of the Volga Automobile Plant, which laid the foundation for future models of the enterprise.

VAZ 2101 began to be produced in 1970 and left the assembly line only in 1986. The Fiat 124 became the founder of the Soviet sedan. The platform and some design solutions for the body and interior were borrowed from the "Italian".

At the same time, the suspension has been seriously redesigned, as well as the brake system - for harsh climatic conditions, in order to increase the reliability of these components and components.

The front suspension is multi-link, while the rear axle is equipped with a semi-independent beam on torsion elements. Disc brakes - front only. The rear wheels are stopped by drums.

Lada 2101 was available to the buyer in two modifications that have different technical characteristics:

• 2101. Equipped with a 1.2 liter engine with a capacity of 64 horsepower, which works in conjunction with a four-speed manual transmission.
• 21011. This "Penny" has an improved body design, as well as additional interior amenities. Under the hood is a 1.3-liter engine that develops 69 forces. It is equipped with 4MKP.
• 21013. Version of the later years of production. Driven by a 1.2 liter unit (64 "horses")

New "Penny" VAZ 2101

It is noteworthy that they do not forget about the VAZ 2101 even today. For example, at the facilities of the Togliatti auto giant, from April 1 to April 19, 2016, a limited batch of “penny” was produced, the circulation of which amounted to a symbolic 124 units of the model.

A new classic could only be bought by someone who owned the exact same car at the time.

In addition, AvtoVAZ planned to revive the 2101 model in a new way and even distributed official renderings of the prototype of the future classic over the Internet.

The debut of the car was scheduled for 2017. However, soon the brand's management abandoned such an idea and the project was closed without having time to develop.

Popular opinion

Despite the fact that "Kopeyka" has not been produced for a long time, it still enjoys honor and respect among the people.

Reviews say that many note a comfortable lounge with high quality assembly, as well as excellent driving properties of this model. Engines have a good resource, are picky about fuel, and the suspension endures broken roads.

Tuning is also widespread. So, to increase the power potential of the engine and its better traction, the craftsmen bore the cylinders, change the carburetor to a more productive one, and also install camshafts with a different cam profile.

More detailed information about the refinement of the domestic sedan is presented in the photo, video, which are posted on thematic Internet resources.

Market value

Test Drive

Nothing extra

The design of the "Penny" is concise, at the same time, the body itself has some swiftness. Modest external dimensions are skillfully disguised by a competent layout of head lighting optics, a long hood and trunk, as well as overhead bumpers. The abundance of chrome elements (radiator grille, bumpers, side mirrors) gives the domestic sedan respectability.

With a hint of more

The interior is assembled soundly - the panels fit neatly and without gaps, and nothing creaks when driving. The quality of finishing materials is also commendable. Namely, the plastic is pliable to the touch, the pseudo-leather that the seats are upholstered in, the door cards are not prone to rub off and are easy to clean.

The instrument panel is extremely informative - the control lamps are in the visibility zone and are quite large. The speedometer, fuel / coolant gauges are also perfectly readable due to large digitization, and they also look nice.

In the center of the dashboard is a climate control unit, which is regulated by means of sliders. Next to the "stove" is a spacious ashtray.

Front seats with a flat profile, missing lateral support do not provide proper fixation of the body. However, their cushion area is optimal for large people, and the lack of a profile is compensated for by reasonable softness on a long journey.

The rear sofa is comfortable even for three people in width, but there is very little space for the knees - only the passenger will be comfortable, no more than 165 centimeters tall. The trunk volume is 325 liters, but it is not very convenient to use it because of the large hinges of the body cover, bulging wheel arches.

Reasonable compromise

The capabilities of the base 1.2-liter engine for a sedan, whose mass is 955 kilograms, are enough. Of course, the dynamics by modern standards is far from ideal, but the engine itself is easy to operate.

Good traction at low revs allows you to confidently start off, and at medium revs you can already actively maneuver in the general stream due to the sharpening of the accelerator pedal response. The gear ratios of the transmission are well chosen, but its selectivity is mediocre.

The steering is quite informative and obedient when driving up to 80 kilometers per hour. If you move at a higher speed, then you need to be prepared for unstable directional stability - it manifests itself in the yaw of the car along the road. At the same time, the steering wheel begins to noticeably play, and also loses most of its information content.

Long-stroke suspension allows significant rolls, buildup. But, it is able to effortlessly work out even large road potholes. Ride remains high in most cases, however, the sound of the chassis may seem intrusive.

Photo Lada 2101:

A veteran of the Volga Automobile Plant - the legendary "penny" (VAZ-2101), was the prototype of the Italian car FIAT - 124. The model was modified by Russian and Italian designers, finalized and put into production. All changes, of which there were more than 800, were carried out taking into account Russian operating conditions and existing production conditions at the Volga Automobile Plant. Proposals to improve the car came from Italian designers, up to the release of the new Zhiguli-VAZ-2103 model.

What changes were made to the base model FIAT - 124? They touched the curb weight of the car, which increased from 855 kg to 945 kg. To do this, it was necessary to increase the rigidity of the entire structure, from the frame and body, to the springs and front suspension arms. Now they were made by cold stamping, from metal of increased diameter. The bumper has also been changed. Additional fangs were installed on it, a hole for the crank was provided.

FIAT - 124 was equipped with rear disc brakes. The design of the VAZ 2101 provided for their replacement with drum-type brakes. According to the designers, they were more reliable. In addition, the car was equipped with rear-view mirrors, folding front seats, recessed door handles, which were much more convenient and safer than before. But the most important changes have affected the engine. After refinement and modernization, it was possible to increase its power to 64 hp. and reduce fuel consumption. At the same time, the torque characteristics did not suffer at all, but even became better. The engine was equipped with a two-chamber carburetor. The second chamber opened when the car reached a speed of 90 km / h, which provided significant fuel savings. The suspension was strengthened, which allowed to increase the ground clearance by 3 cm and provide reliable operating conditions for the car. Thus, the VAZ has become ideal for Russian roads.

VAZ-21013 and VAZ-21011

A little time passed, and in 1994 VAZ began production of a new Zhiguli model - VAZ 21011 with an increased engine capacity, up to 1.3 liters. At the same time, its power did not increase much, and amounted to 69 hp. The fangs were removed from the bumper and replaced with a rubber pad. Appearance the car became more presentable. The interior has also undergone changes, in which more comfortable front seats were installed, ashtrays were moved from the rear armrests to the door trim, and the controls were somewhat changed. The rear pillars of the body were equipped with holes for the exhaust ventilation of the passenger compartment, covering them with plastic grilles. The car was equipped with a signal reversing and additional reflectors for turn signals and brake lights.

Work on improving the car continues, and already in 1977 another Zhiguli model, the VAZ-21013, which is equipped with a 1.2-liter VAZ-2101 base engine, rolls off the assembly line of the plant. Its release continued until 1981. A year later, the base model VAZ-2101 was also discontinued. For the entire period, 2,702,657 such cars were produced. Among them is the police version - VAZ -21016, equipped with a 77 hp engine.

1972 is characterized by the creation of the domestic station wagon VAZ-2102. This is a five-door Zhiguli model based on the VAZ-2101 car. The filling of the cabin, torpedo, dashboard, control - remained unchanged. The car was equipped with three types of engines: 1.2, 1, 3, 1.5 hp, which were previously installed on the VAZ-2101, VAZ-21011, VAZ-2103.

In 1985, the VAZ-2102 was replaced by the VAZ-2104 model, on the basis of which the first domestic electric car VAZ-2801 was created, with a nickel-zinc battery. It is installed at the rear of the machine on a special frame, which is made of a lightweight aluminum profile. The car had three doors and a special hatch for servicing the battery, which was located in place of the left rear door. For all the time, 50 electric vehicles were produced, which, unfortunately, were not widely used and were discontinued.

Sports development and export.

In February 1971, VAZ cars were exported. The first country to accept the Zhiguli was Yugoslavia. Cars receive a new brand "Lada", and the station wagon comes out with the prefix "Kombi". Very soon they become popular and in demand in a number of foreign countries. The export version of the VAZ-2102 is additionally equipped with a washer and wipers for the rear door glass, more comfortable seats for the VAZ-2106. Gradually, cars flood the Western European market. In 1979, 318 thousand Zhiguli were sent for export.

In 1971, VAZ-2101 cars equipped with Fiat engines take part in auto racing. Despite the lack of experience, the race drivers of the Volga Automobile Plant leave their rivals on the Volga and Moskvich far behind. In the autumn of 1971, at competitions in Germany, the USSR team won gold and silver medals in VAZ cars.

If you are wondering where you can buy sectional garage doors, then you are here.

Specifications VAZ-2101 / VAZ-2102:

45 years ago, in 1970, a car came off the assembly line in Togliatti, which changed the course automotive history in the expanses of the USSR. This is a VAZ-2101, a Zhiguli or simply a Kopeyka. I still fondly remember my "Penny" - my first car, a workhorse.

The idea of ​​building an automobile plant of unprecedented scale was born at the very top. Its initiator was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR A.N. Kosygin, who was supported by Brezhnev himself. The amount of money not backed by goods was growing in the country, and a mass car could become a necessary lifesaver: citizens would willingly give their savings for it. In addition, a modern car that was in demand abroad was supposed to improve the export position of the country, which bought more for foreign currency than sold.

The Soviet delegation inspects the lineup FIAT, 1966

The search for partners was carried out without too much publicity. Even the KGB was involved in this activity, in particular L. Kolosov, the Izvestia correspondent in Italy, and part-time employee of the all-powerful committee. The choice fell on the FIAT concern - it offered the most profitable terms. In Italy, with its traditionally strong leftist movement, a general strike was going on at the time, and the contract with the Soviets greatly helped straighten out the financial position of the concern. In the USSR, of course, they also took into account the fact that in 1966 the FIAT-124 became the car of the year in Europe

FIAT-124

The General Agreement was signed on August 8 of the same year in Moscow. The documents were signed by the head of FIAT Vittorio Valletta and the Minister of the Automobile Industry of the USSR A.M. Tarasov. They decided to build the plant on the banks of the Volga (the presence of the river solved many transport problems), in the young city of Togliatti. Previously, there was Stavropol-on-Volga, partially flooded after the construction of the hydroelectric power station, but the city was built almost anew under the auto giant. One of the reasons for choosing the site was precisely the presence of powerful construction organizations.

Soon, several FIAT-124 cars were brought to the USSR, which went to comprehensive tests. They were driven all over the country, from the Crimea to Vorkuta, where, of course, they were delivered by railway. Work was also carried out at the not fully rebuilt Dmitrovsky training ground. As a result, the FIAT-124R (R means Russia) began to be born, which differs markedly from the standard "Italian".

Improved samples of the Fiat 124 passed at the NAMI training ground from November 17 to December 10, 1966 for 12 thousand km (8 thousand - light cobblestone, 2 thousand - heavy and another 2 thousand - dirt roads)

The VAZ enterprise was so important for the USSR that the deputy minister of the automotive industry was appointed its general director. The construction of AvtoVAZ and filling it with equipment the state spent from 4 to 5 billion rubles. Almost all components for VAZ cars were produced locally. For this, equipment was purchased from their own - 844 Soviet factories, at 900 enterprises in the CMEA countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Czechoslovakia), as well as in Italy, Germany, England, France and the USA

For its time, the automobile plant in Togliatti has become one of the most modern and advanced enterprises in Europe. The planned production volume looks rather big and today - 600 thousand cars a year. Although, even such figures did not eliminate the deficit in the USSR. For the VAZ, it was necessary to stand in line for 5 years. And the first VAZ-2101 cost - 5500 Soviet rubles

But in the name of the car - "Zhiguli" there was nothing political. This is the name of the mountains near Togliatti. It was proposed by a designer named Cherny. In order for this native name for many motorists to appear, written in the original font on the stern of the car (by the way, the Italians also came up with the font), the Za Rulem magazine announced a reader competition. About 55 thousand proposals were submitted, among which the new model was even proposed to be called "Violet", "Memorial", "Pervorozhets" and "Directive". Among the proposals was the name "Lada", which subsequently saved Soviet exports. Foreigners not only could not pronounce the word "Zhiguli" correctly, but it also had indecent consonances in several languages ​​at once. For example, in Arab countries it was consonant with the word "thief", and in Spain - "gigolo".

Already on April 19, 1970, the first VAZ-2101 rolled off the VAZ assembly line. The first car was driven by Italian designer Benito Guido Savoini, but it was not a Fiat 124 in its purest form, although there are still tales among VAZ owners that it was a "real Fiat". In fact, a real Fiat 124 on Soviet roads would have fallen apart fairly quickly. Tests of the Fiat 124, which were carried out in 1966 at the Dmitrovsky training ground near Moscow, showed that the Italians began to concretely crumble just after 5,000 km of Soviet off-road

Outwardly, the VAZ-2101 differed from FIAT only in more massive bumper fangs, recessed door handles and, of course, emblems. But in terms of filling, the Soviet car was in many ways different.

The figure shows FIAT-124 and VAZ-2101. As they say find 10 differences

That is why, at the request of the Soviet engineers, Italian engineers made about eight hundred changes to the VAZ-2101. And from 1966 to 1970, 9 series and 35 samples of the future VAZ-2101 passed comprehensive tests at NAMI and more than 2.5 million kilometers of tests. According to their results, the body became much stronger, the suspension design changed and the ground clearance increased to 170 mm (in fact, the "bad roads" package), instead of disc brakes, drum brakes were installed at the rear, an external rear-view mirror appeared, and the front seat backs began to unfold. The engine from the lower became the upper

VAZ-2101 has become a European-level car. This is also evidenced by the fact that this model was exported not only to the socialist countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and the GDR. Export versions of "Kopeyka" were sold in Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland, Great Britain, Egypt and Nigeria. These export copies were the dream of many Soviet motorists. After all, in addition to a richer configuration, export VAZs were more reliable and better. They passed 39 stages of additional intermediate check in the Import Center. And then - more checks at local dealers abroad. It is no coincidence that VAZ-2101 clubs are still functioning in Western Europe.

The export version of the VAZ-2101 was called the Lada 1200 and, for example, for the UK they produced cars with a tuning roof, a 1.3-liter engine, decorative stripes on the sides, the body was made of thickened metal with antistatic and anti-corrosion treatment, the transmission was reinforced, the starter was ultra-reliable, battery - high capacity

Soviet motorists were able to realize their dream of export VAZs only after the collapse Soviet Union in the 90s of the last century. From the former socialist countries, used VAZs were distilled in a stream. In Europe, they were already considered "mammoths" and it was said that "mammoths go home to die"

Production of the VAZ-2101 (modifications of the VAZ-21011) was discontinued in 1982. During this time, 2,700,000 copies of this model were produced. In total, according to AvtoVAZ, 4.8 million different modifications of "kopecks" were produced. And there were many very interesting ones among them. And sometimes unique

"Penny" was massive, people's car, but some modifications of the VAZ-2101 were still not advertised. Moreover, many of them were protected by state secrets.
For example, for the police they made a VAZ-2101-94 with a 1.5-liter engine

At the beginning of 1971, for advertising and sports purposes, the VAZ-2101 racing series was released, which participated in the Tour of Europe-71 and even won silver. And in the "Tour of Europe-73" VAZ won gold and silver. The availability of the car in Europe made it possible to use it in local sports competitions. In England, they even organized the Lada Challenge. True, the vast majority of sports versions of VAZs were tuned with expensive imported parts, which were sometimes semi-legally imported into the USSR from abroad.

For factory needs, pickup trucks with a carrying capacity of 200-300 kg were traditionally made from defective bodies. They shuttled between the shops of a huge factory in Togliatti

In Cuba, limousines were made from the VAZ-2101 on a semi-industrial basis, and they were used there as fixed-route taxis

VAZ-2101 for many became the first car, the memory of which they carried through the years. 2101 is also called a golden penny Soviet car industry. This car gave a powerful impetus to the entire industry for many decades. In fact, the 70s, 80s and 90s and 2000s AvtoVAZ reaped the benefits of a successful design and only in 2012 discontinued the last "classic" VAZ-2107, which had many parts marked 2101. The era of the "penny "is over, but this car is still in demand in the secondary market and can be found daily in city traffic. And it's been 45 years already!

Sources

www.zr.ru/content/articles/484752-istori ja_zhigulej_ochevidnyje_i_neverojatnyje/
www.zr.ru/content/articles/356531-istori ja_zhigulej_simvol_minuvshego_veka/
www.autoconsulting.com.ua/article.php?si d=33254
www.ria.ru/photolents/20150907/1180000623_1179995653.html
www.drive2.ru/b/288230376151808281/

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