Spare parts, adjustments and repairs. Diesel engines of trucks and tractors

YaMZ-240 engines belong to the group of V-shaped twelve-cylinder heavy diesel engines of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. This family was obtained by adding more cylinders to the eight-cylinder engine, as well as changing their camber angle and the method of supporting the crankshaft journals.
The technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240 series engines are different; engines of this family are divided into naturally aspirated and turbocharged, but all have Euro-0 environmental standards.

TO atmospheric engines YaMZ-240 includes diesel engines YaMZ-240M2 and YaMZ-240BM2-4. The basic one is the YaMZ-240M2 automobile engine, designed for installation on BelAZ mining dump trucks with a load capacity of thirty tons.

The YaMZ-240BM2-4 engine is a tractor modification of the YaMZ-240M2, made specifically for use on K-701 agricultural tractors. Currently, YaMZ-240BM2-4 is not installed on new products and is supplied exclusively as spare parts. Due to the fact that the modification is made without a fluid coupling, the generator, which is structurally installed on a fluid coupling, is also not supplied with the engine.

The YaMZ-240NM2 and YaMZ-240PM2 engines are turbocharged modifications of the YaMZ-240M2 diesel engine and are intended for BelAZ mining dump trucks with a larger payload. The main demand at present is for the YaMZ-240NM2 model, used on forty-two ton dump trucks.

For detailed technical characteristics and applicability of the YaMZ-240 engine, please visit the page of the desired model.

YaMZ-240 is a 12-cylinder powerful engine with a reliable design and high-quality technical characteristics, used on special equipment that requires high-power motors for operation.

Powerful diesel

The YaMZ-240 diesel engine, the technical characteristics of which make it possible to effectively use the engine in heavy equipment, has been producing since 1962. Diesel enters the first generation power units, developed by the enterprise and put into mass production. In addition to the 12-cylinder YaMZ-240, this line included the 6-cylinder YaMZ-236 and 8-cylinder YaMZ-238. All of these power units have a V-shaped design, good set technical and economic indicators, broad unification.

Thanks to the achieved unification, it was possible to reduce production costs, which not only increased the number of motors produced, but also reduced further operating costs and increased maintainability. These qualities contributed to the widespread use of the new power unit.

Application of YaMZ-240

Strong 12-cylinder engines, the power of which, depending on the modification, ranges from 300 to 600 Horse power, were designed to complete various equipment requiring not only high power, but also high reliability. These factors are related to the fact that almost always such vehicles or industrial equipment had to work in harsh conditions. Therefore, the technical characteristics initially laid down for the YaMZ-240 made it possible to install and confidently operate the following equipment with the specified power units:

• BelAZ mining dump trucks of various payloads;
• MDP diesel locomotives;
• tractors "Kirovets";
• special tracked tractors;
• multi-axle chassis for various purposes;
• MoAZ mining dump trucks.

The effective operation of this equipment is facilitated not only by the technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240 engine, but also by the gearboxes and clutches often installed together with it, produced at the Yaroslavl plant and specially designed for these engines.

Purpose and technical parameters of YaMZ-240 NM2

One of the most common modifications currently produced is the YaMZ-240 engine under the symbol NM2. It has three configuration options and is installed on BelAZ dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 40 to 45 tons, as well as on special equipment made on the basis of these vehicles. This application is ensured by the following technical characteristics of YaMZ-240 NM2:

• type - diesel;
• version - four-stroke, turbocharged;
• cooling - liquid;
• number of cylinders - 12 pcs.;
• arrangement - V-shaped;
• camber angle - 75 degrees;
• working volume - 22.3 l;
• power - 500.0 l. With.;
• nominal speed - 2100 rpm;
• compression ratio - 15.22;
• cylinder diameter/piston stroke - 13/14 (cm);
• number of valves per cylinder - 2 pcs.;
• specific fuel consumption - 208.0 g/kW. h;
• mixture formation - direct injection;
• weight - 1.79 t;
• dimensions (m);
• length - 1.76;
• width - 1.10;
• height - 1.19;
• resource - 8000 hours.

Diesel device

The simple design provides the YaMZ-240 with the technical characteristics of the required parameters and reliable operation. The main elements of the power unit are:

• cylinder block;
• crankshaft;
• cylinder block pan;
• Cylinder head with liners;
• radial turbocharger;
• flywheel;
• pistons, connecting rods;
• camshaft;
• pushers, valves;
• gas pipeline;
• rotation regulator;
• air filter;
• oil filter;
• fuel filters coarse and fine cleaning;
• oil pump;
• Injection pump with drive;
• fuel priming pump;
• fuel pipelines;
• water pump;
• cooling system pipelines;
• starter;
• generator.

For reliable long-term operation, as well as maintaining the established technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240, it is necessary to perform the maintenance established by the manufacturer. For of this motor The following frequency is established:

• TO-1 - every 500 hours of operation;
• TO-2 - every 1000 hours.

In addition, it is required to carry out daily care and seasonal maintenance, the procedure for which is determined by the YaMZ-240 operating manual.

Possible diesel malfunctions

Despite the fact that the engine has, by modern standards, a fairly simple design and a long production period, which made it possible to perfect the production technology, like any other complex mechanism, certain problems may occur during its operation. The most common of them, based on operating experience of these power units, include:

• breakdown of fuel equipment due to the use of low-quality fuel or fuel that does not correspond to the operating season, as well as untimely replacement fuel filters;
• early wear connecting rod-piston group due to the use of inappropriate lubricants;
• the occurrence of extraneous knocking due to a violation of valve adjustment;
• reduction in power due to clogging of the exhaust tract and/or air filter.

The powerful YaMZ-240 internal combustion engine, whose technical characteristics and proven design are still effective when used on special equipment that requires high power and great reliability, is still widely used today.

The YaMZ-240NM2 engine has been produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant since 1988. Designed for installation on mining dump trucks with a lifting capacity of 42 tons. BelAZ-75485, BelAZ-75486, BelAZ-75487, BelAZ-75489.

Piston diameter and stroke, mm: 130/140
Power at rotation speed 2100 min, kW (hp): 368 (500)
Maximum torque at rotation speed 1600 min, N m (kgf m): 1815 (185)
Minimum specific fuel consumption, g/kW h (g/hp h): 208 (153)
Weight, kg: 1790

Engine's type:
Diesel, 4-stroke, V-12, turbocharged, direct injection, liquid cooled, with custom cylinder heads.

Comparative characteristics

Mixing method: Direct injection.
Fuel supply equipment: Divided.
Fuel pump high pressure: Twelve-plunger.
Speed ​​controller: Centrifugal, all-mode.
Injectors: Closed, with multi-hole spray.
Injection advance clutch: Automatic, centrifugal type
Lubrication system: Mixed: under pressure and spraying.
Fuel filters: Two: coarse and fine cleaning with replaceable filter elements.
Oil filters: Two: full-flow with a replaceable filter element and fine centrifugal with a jet drive.
Water pump: Centrifugal, gear driven
Starting device: Starter 2501.3708-01, direct current, series excitation, with electromagnetic drive, rated power 8.2 kW (11 hp), rated voltage 28 V.

The YaMZ-240PM2 engine has been produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant since 1988. Designed for installation on mining dump trucks with a lifting capacity of 30 tons.