Presentation on literature on the topic "True and false beauty in the understanding of L. Tolstoy." The problem of true beauty and false (Based on the novel by L

An example of completing task 17.3 on the Unified State Exam in literature with examples and quotations from the text.

It is a widely known fact that Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was favorably received at court and for some time moved in select circles. However, with age, the writer began to realize how much lies and falsehood had accumulated in this high society, how disingenuously people behave towards each other, how dishonor covers itself with a veil of aristocratic origin. Gradually, he left the world and began to look for the truth among simple peasants and artisans, with whom he communicated and discovered a lot of simple, but at the same time, new and surprising things. That is why in his book “War and Peace” the author raises the topic of the truth and falsity of our values, concepts and principles.

Absolutely all components in the novel, from the title to the ideas, are built on contrasts: Kutuzov and Napoleon, military battles and peaceful scenes, sincere heroes and liars. By contrasting one with the other, Tolstoy makes it clear what is true and false in beauty, patriotism and love. Each person must determine this for themselves in order to better understand the world, people and, of course, themselves.

True and false patriotism in the novel War and Peace

In the novel "War and Peace" there are real and false, leavened patriots. For example, many nobles stopped speaking French and wore sundresses and caftans when the War of 1812 began. Prince Rostopchin, the Governor-General of Moscow, completely exuded tasteless, feigned, jingoistic appeals, and this was instead of really helping and supporting the frightened, desperate people who were leaving their native land.

True patriotism was shown by ordinary people who, being not rich, still burned their houses, belongings, arable land, just so as not to leave anything to the enemy, not to help him get to Moscow with their belongings and shelter. Left destitute, these unknown heroes went into the forests and organized partisan detachments, and then dealt crushing blows to the French, risking their lives for the liberation of their homeland. At the same time, many nobles did not see the difference between the Russian Tsar and the foreign invader: they put their personal interests above national ones. They calmly accepted the invaders and fawned over them in order to preserve their privileges.

True and false heroism in the novel War and Peace

Prince Andrei thinks about true and false heroism when he goes to war for glory. At Shengraben, he takes part in the battle and sees the feat of the battery of the modest and awkward captain Tushin, the breakthrough of the detachment of captain Timokhin, who put the French to flight, and the daredevil Dolokhov, who heroically captured the French officer. The hero cannot figure out which of them is the real hero, although the answer lies on the surface. For example, Dolokhov demanded a reward for his action, boasted about it during the formation, and Tushin was almost deprived of command for his modesty, and would have been deprived if Bolkonsky had not stood up for him. Which one is the hero? Selfish Dolokhov or unknown hero Tushin? How to decide, since both of them risked their lives for a common goal?

At the Battle of Austerlitz, Andrei rouses soldiers to a deadly bloody battle that could have been avoided. The hero, like Dolokhov, was flattered by the fame and did not count the heads along which he walked towards her. No wonder Kutuzov taught him to take care of life, but Bolkonsky did not heed this advice. This is false heroism, as the prince was convinced of from his own experience.

True and false beauty in the novel "War and Peace"

Tolstoy describes many ugly women, because his task is to depict the truth of life. For example, about Natasha Rostova he writes: “Ugly, thin...”, and does not forget to mention the ugly stretched mouth of the crying girl, her angularity and imperfections on her face. He speaks directly about Princess Bolkonskaya: “Ugly Princess Marya...”.

But Helen, a regular at salons and balls, is a dazzling beauty. She is superbly built, her shoulders turned even the hottest heads.

However, true beauty for Tolstov does not lie in appearance: “The ugly princess Marya always looked prettier when she cried, and she always cried not from resentment, but from sadness or pity.” The soul of this girl was beautiful and shone from within when she was given free rein. Natasha Rostova is also beautiful in her mercy and simplicity. Her incomparable charm was also manifested in her creativity, because Natasha sang magnificently and danced talentedly.

Thus, true beauty is always expressed in naturalness, kindness, creativity, but not in appetizing forms devoid of spiritual content. Anyone who does not understand true beauty will not find happiness and harmony in life, like Pierre Bezukhov, who was deceived by Helen.

The meaning of the novel "War and Peace" lies in a permanent movement towards the truth, because only those heroes who were able to make this movement understood themselves and found happiness.

The problem of true love in the novel L.N. Tolstoy is presented in a unique way and is resolved in the entire system of images.

The author’s concept of true love is in no way connected with the concept of external beauty; on the contrary, true love, according to L.N. Tolstoy - rather inner beauty. Thus, from the very first pages, the heroes are divided into outwardly beautiful and outwardly not so attractive: Prince Andrei is handsome with his coldish and emphatically aloof beauty, Lisa is beautiful with her short upper lip, Helen Kuragina is magnificent and majestic. Separately, it should be said about the beauty of the Kuragins. Their main feature is a pleasant appearance, but the heroes have absolutely nothing behind it: they are empty, frivolous, and overly carefree. Remember the episode with the kiss between Natasha and Anatoly, arranged by Helen: for the Kuragins this is just entertainment, but for Natasha, who has come to her senses, it means pain, suffering and - subsequently - the loss of her loved one. Helene's beauty bewitches Pierre, but the spell quickly wears off, and nothing new appears behind the already familiar appearance. The beauty of the Kuragins is calculation and complete indifference to other people; It's more of an anti-beauty thing. True beauty, according to L.N. Tolstoy - beauty on a different level.

Both clumsy, overweight Pierre and Natasha Rostova with her peculiar appearance are beautiful in their own way. Compared to the Kuragins or, for example, Vera Rostova, they look more gray and ordinary, but their internal organization is admirable. Natasha selflessly takes care of the wounded, and then faithfully follows her husband, completely dissolving into the family. Pierre courageously defends the girl in burning Moscow and selflessly tries to kill Napoleon. These characters are transformed into moments of inspiration (Natasha’s singing), difficult thoughts, thoughts about the tragic fate of those around them and the whole country (Pierre).

The energy of truly beautiful heroes L.N. Tolstoy cannot go unnoticed: it is no coincidence that the impulsive Denisov falls in love with Natasha at first sight.

Princess Marya Bolkonskaya is also outwardly unattractive, but her radiant eyes, filled with meekness, gentleness and kindness, make her pretty and sweet. Marya is beautiful in conversations with her adored brother, beautiful when she puts an image around his neck, seeing him off to war.

What is true beauty? At L.N. For Tolstoy, the answer to this question is unequivocal: true beauty is moral beauty, a sensitive conscience, kindness, spiritual generosity; in contrast to the beauty-emptiness and beauty-evil of the Kuragins.

Portraying older people, L.N. Tolstoy follows the same trend. For all his well-trained and aristocratic manners, Prince Vasily Kuragin makes a repulsive impression, and the Rostovs retained their charm, cordiality, sincerity and simplicity even in old age. The old prince Nikolai Bolkonsky frightens Lisa with his aristocratic appearance, but his son is amazed by his lively, radiant eyes, active energy and incomparable mind.

Happy Literature Study!

website, when copying material in full or in part, a link to the source is required.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

True and false beauty in the understanding of Leo Tolstoy In the epic novel “War and Peace”

2 slide

Slide description:

The question of true beauty has always been one of the most exciting in literature and in life, so discussions on this topic are relevant to this day. Throughout his entire work, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy tried to prove this. He endows his unloved heroes with almost divine beauty, depriving them of feelings and intelligence.

3 slide

Slide description:

The most striking example of this is Helen Kuragina “Helen was so pretty that not only was there not a shadow of coquetry visible in her, but on the contrary, she seemed ashamed of her undoubted and too powerful beauty. It was as if she wanted and could not diminish the effect of her beauty.” Pierre Bezukhov is one of the few who sees the callousness, lack of spirituality and stupidity of his wife. Sitting at Helen's evenings, he experiences the feeling that "a magician should experience, expecting every time that his deception is about to be revealed." Pierre's fears are not in vain. For those who admire Helen's appearance, the soul and mind are of no value.

4 slide

Slide description:

Helen is a stupid woman: “...But she is stupid, I myself said that she was stupid,” he thought. “This is not love...” “...Pierre, who knew that she was very stupid.. " "...But is it because running such a salon requires only stupidity..." "...she could say the most vulgar and stupid things and yet everyone admired her every word and looked for deep meaning in it , whom she herself did not even suspect..." "...and one of the stupidest women in the world,” thought Pierre... “However, the people around her are blinded by her beauty and do not notice it

5 slide

Slide description:

The author contrasts the beautiful Helen Natasha with “a black-eyed, big-mouthed, ugly, but lively girl, with her childish open shoulders that jumped out of her bodice from a fast run, with her black curls that had bunched back” “He did not see her marble beauty, which was one with her dress...” “... only on the marble, somewhat convex forehead...” “She was, as always at evenings, in a dress that was very open in front and back, according to the fashion of that time. Her bust, which always seemed like marble to Pierre...” Natasha Helen

6 slide

Slide description:

An equally striking example of spiritual beauty is Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. Unlike Natasha Rostova, who, having matured, turns from an “ugly duckling” into a “beautiful swan,” Princess Marya is not at all beautiful. Only her “radiant” eyes make the heroine’s appearance attractive. Her eyes reflect her harmonious inner state, which she acquired in faith. Living according to the commandments made Princess Marya a person who became an example of the greatest love for people and self-sacrifice.

7 slide

Slide description:

Ugly, weak body and thin face. The eyes, always sad, now looked at themselves in the mirror especially hopelessly<...>The princess's eyes, large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light sometimes came out of them in sheaves), were so beautiful that very often, despite the ugliness of her entire face, these eyes became more attractive than beauty

8 slide

Slide description:

“said the princess, looking timidly and timidly smiling” “The princess thought, smiled thoughtfully” “everything was illuminated with a cheerful, self-satisfied, young, unchanging smile” “she said to Natasha with her monotonously beautiful smile” Marie Helen

Slide 9

Beauty... What is it like? External and internal. External beauty is an attractive face, slender figure and graceful manners. Inner beauty is spiritual beauty, and spiritual beauty is, first of all, philanthropy, high morality, sincerity, sincerity, the desire to understand other people and help them. It often happens that in one person, external and internal beauty do not merge into a single whole. This is why people tend to make mistakes and mistake external beauty for internal beauty. It’s not for nothing that they say: “You’re greeted by your clothes, but you’re seen off by your mind.” Understanding a person's character is very difficult. That is why there is true and false beauty. The word “true” is derived from the noun “truth”, that is, what is accepted by everyone. True beauty is inner beauty. What is false beauty? It is appearances that are so often deceiving.

True and false... These concepts are closely intertwined with each other throughout L.N. Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace". I believe that in the novel, true and false beauty are most fully revealed in the images of Helen Kuragina and Natasha Rostova.

For the first time we meet Helen Kuragina at an evening with Anna Pavlovna Scherer. Helen is so good that there is no person who would not admire this beauty: “With a slight rustle in her white ball gown, decorated with ivy and moss, and shining with the whiteness of her shoulders, the gloss of her hair and diamonds, she walked between the parting men and straight, without looking at anyone. whom, but smiling at everyone and, as it were, kindly giving everyone the right to admire the beauty of her figure, full shoulders, very open, according to the fashion of that time, chest and back...” Yes, Helen is undeniably beautiful. The only thing alarming about Helen is her smile. In fact, behind this mask smile lies indifference to people, an empty soul.

Helen is a formed person, a statue that does not change and will be the same in 20 and 40 years. And who is Natasha? Natasha is a child. She is a living girl with her own strengths and weaknesses. Natasha lives a busy life, is happy and sad, laughs and cries. But Helen does not live, but exists. Helen needs marriage for only one thing: for the money that she needs for her existence: balls, theaters, guests and numerous lovers. Not once throughout the novel did Helen show normal feelings: she was not afraid, she was not happy for someone, she did not feel sorry for anyone. And what about Natasha? Natasha has a very busy life, and I don’t think that’s a bad thing. Yes, maybe she acted a little wrong when she couldn’t stand a year without Andrei and fell in love with Anatoly, but, on the other hand, it was also not good for Andrei to leave her alone for a whole year. At first, Natasha did not understand at all that Anatoly Kuragin initially did not have any serious intentions regarding her.

Natasha is a person, she “loves” people, remember the scene when she takes things off the cart because of the wounded, whom she does not want to leave. Would Helen ever do this? I think that she would never have acted like that, she would not have even had such a thought, to help people. What is the secret of Natasha’s charming charm? I believe that in sincerity, because the essence of Natasha’s nature is love, and these concepts are inseparable. It is Natasha who is able to support her mother, distraught with grief after Petya’s death. After marriage, family becomes the only meaning of life for Natasha. From Natasha comes the energy of liberation from everything false and false. False secular society is alien to Natasha (after marriage she practically ceases to be in society). Only through her love for Pierre and the education of her family does Natasha finally find peace. Tolstoy emphasizes that happiness is not given by nature, it must be earned by the spiritual work that is so valued in people. That is why Natasha deserved happiness, and the magnificent beauty Helen never knew happiness, because happiness, true beauty and love are three inseparable things.

"Teacher “This is a person who learns all his life.” Therefore, an important criterion for the success of a teacher’s work is his self-education, the purpose of which is for teachers to master new, different methods and forms of teaching.

The use of ICT in literature and Russian language lessons, based on the use of a computer, allows you to activate the cognitive interests of students, control the activities of everyone, study new material, consolidate, perform practical work, including different types of exercises, deepen knowledge, and carry out control. Pupils work with passion at every stage of the lesson, and this maintains interest in the subject.

True and false beauty in the novel.

(Research lesson in 10th grade).

The purpose of the lesson: research of the author's position, generalization of what has been studied,development of research and associative thinking of students.

Tasks:

Educational: explore L.N. Tolstoy’s position in relation to the “true and false” beauty of a person.

Developmental: moral and emotional development of students, development of the ability to argue and defend their opinion.

Educating: nurturing a sense of beauty using the example of the heroes of L.N. Tolstoy.

Equipment:

Board design.

On the left side:

Welcome - Everything is positive, good, useful.

Beauty - Everything beautiful, wonderful, everything that gives aesthetic and moral pleasure.

Is it true - 1. What corresponds to reality is truth.

2. Order based on justice and honesty.

Simplicity - Good nature, simplicity.

Spirituality – The property of the soul, consisting in the predominance of spiritual, moral and intellectual interests over material ones.

On the right side:

Wealth - 1. Abundance of material values, money.

Well-being - 1. Calm and happy state.Family well-being

2. Life in contentment, complete security.Material well-being.

Career - 1. The path to success, a prominent position in society, in the professional field, as well as the very achievement of such a field.

Novel texts (volume 4, epilogue, vol.II).

On the teacher's desk:

· an inconspicuous plant with a beautiful flower;

· unbloomed twig;

· crystal vase,

· candle

During the classes:

1. Musical screensaver.

An old waltz sounds. (Against the background of music )

Teacher's word : Guys, of course, you know the heroes of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” well. Now look at the illustrations, read the phrases, remember and say their names.

Student answers.

Thank you, let's continue the lesson.

2. Announcement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Teacher's word. The topic of our lesson: “True and false beauty in the novel.”The purpose of the lesson:explore the position of the author of the novel and answer the question “which beauty the author considered true and which false.”

3. Issues for discussion:

– Do you agree with Leo Tolstoy’s point of view that there is no beauty where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth?

4. Vocabulary work (emancipation, sixties ). Updating students' knowledge.

5. Independent work.

Teacher's word. The main compositional device that Tolstoy uses in the novel is antithesis. The writer turns to contrast in order to emphasize positive and negative phenomena, images, true and false beauty. Who is opposed to the military drones in the novel? Ordinary soldiers, the modest captain Tushin, who are led not by personal, selfish, but by popular, liberation motives. In other words, true beauty is opposed to false beauty. Given this point of view, fill out the table.

Filling out the comparative table “True and false beauty in the understanding of Leo Tolstoy”

– Name the images contrasted with Tolstoy’s favorite heroes.

– Why are heroes shining with external beauty, nevertheless, for Tolstoy not beautiful internally?

– Whose point of view is Tolstoy arguing with in the novel?

– What unites representatives of secular society?

– How does Tolstoy understand true beauty?

Student answers.

– The external beauty of such characters as Helen, Anatole, Vera, Berg covers up an empty and cold heart, mercantile interests, naked calculation.

– Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy argues in the novel with the position of secular society, which has a false idea of ​​beauty.

– Representatives of secular society are united by the fact that they see in people, first of all, the contents of a wallet, the possibility of patronage. They are united by falsehood, lack of spirituality, vulgarity and immorality.

– The writer saw beauty in human relationships, in behavior, in human thoughts and feelings, in nature and in art. Such images are united by moral purity, naturalness, selflessness, love, generosity, and faith.

Teacher's word. Let’s summarize everything that has been said (students draw conclusions based on the results of independent work). Who is the bearer of true beauty in a novel for a Russian writer? You probably guessed that this is a female image. Which one exactly? I suggest you answer this question using associative thinking. For this we use the following items: flower, vase, twig, candle.

7. Discussion .

Teacher's word . You must give your answer by presenting arguments from the text, showing the author’s position, and draw a conclusion based on your answer.

So,How do you associate this nondescript indoor plant with a beautiful blossoming flower? You can make a symbolic drawing in a notebook and relate it to the characters in the novel.

Student(s).

I associate this inconspicuous plant with a beautiful flower with the image of Princess Marya. She has an ugly, sickly body, heavy steps, and an ugly face. But Marya Bolkonskaya has large, radiant, beautiful eyes - the mirror of the soul. She believed that she was too ugly to dream of happiness. Tolstoy wrote that her face transformed when she thought about others or cried. And after meeting Nikolai Rostov, Princess Marya became completely different. She developed a deep voice, grace and femininity. All this, in my opinion, became attractive to Rostov, and he fell in love with her. For Tolstoy it is wonderful, because... she has a beautiful soul.

Student (ca). This vase reminds me of Helen. The vase is very beautiful, but cold and empty. And Helen Kuragina shines in society with external beauty, but internally she is completely empty. Tolstoy emphasizes her beautiful shoulders, arms, chest, but it’s as if she’s wearing varnish from all eyes. Helene married Pierre, and then chose her own husbands. She has a beautiful smile, but it is a routine smile, it hides immorality and vulgarity, selfishness and selfishness - the main signs of representatives of secular society. I agree with Tolstoy's position. This is “false” beauty.

Teacher's word. (The teacher lights a candle.) Which character in the novel do you associate the lit candle with?

Student. This candle reminds me of Natasha Rostova. She also gives herself to people without reserve. Natasha cannot live without love. “The essence of her life is love,” said Tolstoy. Love for loved ones, beloved, homeland... She loves to dance, she admires the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, but at the same time she makes mistakes and suffers because of them. But overall, this is an image that is changing for the better. She knows how to do good, she is pure, lively, sincere, and one cannot help but love her. It gives light to those around her, like a lit candle.

Student. The unblown branch reminds me of the image of Petya Rostov, who went to war at a very young age and died.

Student. Bolkonsky is bright and “burning”, like a flame, he died very young, just like this half-burnt candle went out.

Student. An inconspicuous plant with a beautiful flower is associated with Natasha.

Student . The candle is Pierre Bezukhov. He illuminates everyone with his kindness and love. But he fluctuates in his thoughts, like a flame fluctuates in the wind.

8. Analytical conversation (in the image of Natasha).

Teacher's word. Remember at what moments Tolstoy describes her as ugly, even bad in appearance?

Student answers.

– On a name day: “an ugly, but lively girl.”

– “Opening her big mouth... she roared” out of compassion for Sonya.

– During the evacuation from Moscow, when she ran to her parents, having learned that they did not want to give the carts to the wounded, her face was ugly.

– At the bedside of the wounded Prince Andrei, Natasha’s face “was scary.”

Teacher's word. At what moments is she beautiful and everyone admires her?

Student answers.

– At her first ball, she beamed with happiness.

– Next to Prince Andrei (before their engagement).

– At the performance, where everyone noticed her, including Anatole.

Teacher. So, we have explored the position of the author of the novel “War and Peace”. So whose beauty is true? Who is the bearer of this beauty?

– Natasha Rostova.

(The waltz from Sergei Prokofiev’s opera “War and Peace” sounds.)

9. Working with text.

Teacher's word. NAlong with the images of Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov, Princess Marya, this is Leo Tolstoy’s favorite image, but also the image of Natasha - the ideal of true beauty. And our lesson would be incomplete without a story about her in the epilogue of the novel. Even during Tolstoy’s lifetime, Natasha withstood a lot of criticism in the epilogue. Refer to the text, find the lines showing Natasha after marriage (Epilogue, part 1, chapter X).

“...in 1820 she already had three daughters and one son...She gained weight and weight.”

“Now only her face and body were often visible, but her soul was not visible at all. One strong, beautiful and fertile female was visible.”

Teacher's word. What did she look like now?

– Natasha sank, abandoned secular society, she “didn’t care about her manners or the delicacy of her speeches,” she forgot about her curls and her suit...

Teacher's word. Why? What has become the most important thing in her life now?

– “The subject that Natasha completely immersed herself in was the family, that is, the husband... and children who had to be carried, given birth, fed, raised.”

Teacher's word. What was her attitude towards her husband?

– Natasha was jealous of Pierre for Sonya, for the governess, for every beautiful and ugly woman.”

– “In her house, Natasha put herself on the foot of her husband’s slave... As soon as he expressed a desire, Natasha would jump up and run to fulfill it.”

Teacher's word. This is how Natasha appears before us in the epilogue. What do you not accept in the image of married Natasha?

– Untidyness, jealousy, thoughts only about her husband and children, no hobbies, refusal of light.

Teacher's word. Guys, you have now confirmed a point of view that has existed in literary criticism for more than 140 years. But would we believe Tolstoy if he had depicted the old Natasha in the epilogue - a mother of four children, flitting around at balls, dreaming of being invited to a dance? Of course not. Could there be a different mother, spending sleepless nights at the bedside of a sick child, absorbed in worries about a large family, alarmed by the long absence of her husband? This means that in the epilogue Natasha is the kind of woman Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy wanted to see, this change is a logical continuation of her character. It was in the family that her true beauty manifested itself, it was in the family that she found the true happiness that every person dreams of. What do you think of the expression “fertile female”?

Student answers.

The writer said this with irony. Who did Tolstoy say that to? Maybe he was arguing with someone, portraying Natasha like this when she was married?

10. Vocabulary work.

Student message. In the 60s of the 19th century in RussiaThere was a women's emancipation movement. They were called “sixties”. They fought for the rights of women to be equal to men, for self-denial of women's responsibilities. This was even reflected in women's fashion: emancipated women abandoned corsets and wore trousers for the first time, which was extremely outrageous at that time. The image of Natasha Rostova, both contradictory and integral, reflects Tolstoy’s attitude towards family and motherhood. The Russian writer believed that a woman should have a higher calling and purpose - motherhood. Therefore, Natasha in the epilogue, plumper and wider, is Tolstoy’s ideal. Perhaps in this way Lev Nikolaevich argued with the sixties, who wanted to equalize the rights of women with men.

10. Final word from the teacher. So, starting from the first pages and ending with the epilogue, Tolstoy leads us to his understanding of the purpose of man, his true beauty. And such an ideal for Tolstoy was Natasha Rostova. And if the writer had realized his original plan - to write about the returning Decembrist, we have no doubt that Pierre would have gone out onto Senate Square in 1825. And we also have no doubt that Natasha, of course, would have followed him to Siberia. This image conveys one of the main ideas of the novel: beauty and happiness where there is simplicity, goodness and truth.

Which other heroes of Tolstoy’s novel, in your opinion, come close to the ideal?

FINAL TEST

14. Marks .