60 knots in km per hour. How much is one sea knot in terms of speed equivalent in kilometers? Examples of different speeds

One sea knot is equal to one thousand eight hundred fifty-two meters or one kilometer eight hundred fifty-two meters

By international definition, one knot is equal to 1.852 km/h (exact) or 0.5144444 m/s. This unit of measurement, although non-systemic, is allowed for use along with SI units.

A knot is a linear speed of 1 nautical mile per hour.

one sea knot is equal to 1852 meters => 1 km 852 m

The origin of the name is related to the principle of using sector lag. The speed of the vessel was determined as the number of knots on the line (thin cable) that passed through the hand of the measurer in a certain time (usually 15 seconds).

Knots do not measure distance but speed, number of knots = number of nautical miles per hour, nautical mile = 1.8 km.

The hub and international nautical mile are widely used in maritime and air transport. Knots were considered the most common measurement in England until 1965, but after a re-decision they became known as miles.

Initially, this value corresponded to the length of 1/60 degree of the arc of a circle on the surface of the Earth with the center coinciding with the center of the planet. In other words, if we consider any meridian, then a nautical mile will be approximately equal to the length of one minute of latitude. Since the shape of the Earth is somewhat different from the outline of a perfect sphere, the length of 1 minute of degree of the meridian in question may differ slightly depending on latitude. This distance is greatest at the poles - 1861.6 m, and least at the equator - 1842.9 m. To avoid confusion, it was proposed to unify the length of the nautical mile. The length taken as a basis was 1 minute of degree at 45º latitude (1852.2 m). This definition led to the fact that the nautical mile became convenient for calculating navigation problems. For example, if you need to measure a distance of 20 miles on a map, then it will be enough to measure 20 arc minutes with a compass on any meridian marked on the map.

1 sea knot is equal to:

• kilometer per second (km/s) 0.0005144
• meter per second (m/s) 0.5144
• kilometer per hour (km/h) 1.852
• meter per minute 30.87

You can find out the speed from 0 to 100 nautical knots converted into km/h and m/sec in this table:

Knot (unit of measurement)

Aircraft speed indicator, graduated in knots.

The prevalence of the knot as a unit of measurement is associated with the significant convenience of its use in navigation calculations: a ship moving at a speed of 1 knot along the meridian passes one arc minute of geographic latitude in one hour.

The origin of the name is related to the principle of using a sector log. The speed of the vessel was determined as the number of knots on the line (thin cable) that passed through the hand of the measurer in a certain time (usually 15 seconds or 1 minute). In this case, the distance between adjacent nodes on the line and the measurement time were selected in such a way that this amount was numerically equal to the speed of the vessel, expressed in nautical miles per hour.

A knot is an independent unit of speed. To say: “The ship is sailing at a speed of 36 knots per hour” is incorrect. The absurdity of such an expression is very well described in the story “The Flying Dutchman”, an excerpt from which is given below.
“Tell me, captain, what is our speed? - Raising his glasses from his notebook, the guest asked again.
Guzhevoy already opened his mouth to answer with his usual wit, that there were six knots per hour - in the first, and in the second they didn’t pull even three, but Piychik warned him:
“As much as it should be: full speed, twelve knots.”
The lag cable, released while moving from the stern, broke into knots at a distance of 1/120 of a mile (50 feet). By counting the number of knots that travel in half a minute (1/120 of an hour), you can find out the speed in nautical miles per hour. It follows that the expression “30 knots per hour” is clearly meaningless: it turns out that the ship, instead of a decent speed of 56 km/h, drags 1500 feet (470 m) per hour, which is both incorrect and offensive.

The hub and international nautical mile are widely used in maritime and air transport. Knots were considered the most common measurement in England until 1965, but later they became known as miles.

Notes

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See what “Knot (unit of measurement)” is in other dictionaries:

KNOT, 1). In anatomy, thickening or enlargement of an organ or tissue, such as a lymph node or sinoatrial node, of nervous tissue that controls the rhythm of the heart. 2). In botany, a node is a place on a plant stem from which a leaf or leaves arise. 3) ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

Knot: A knot connecting and intertwining linear materials. “Gordian knot” is a catchphrase. Contents 1 Communications 2 Science and technology ... Wikipedia

- (Knot) 1. Any grip or noose made on the tackle or around anything; connecting the ends of the cables together. W. woman's knot (Grannies knot, carrick bend) incorrectly tied straight or reef W. bowel (Bowline hitch) reliable,... ...Nautical Dictionary

A knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. Since there are different definitions of a nautical mile, a knot can have different meanings. By international definition, one knot is equal to 1.852 km/h (exactly) or... ... Wikipedia

A knot is a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. Since there are different definitions of a nautical mile, a knot can have different meanings. By international definition, one knot is equal to 1.852 km/h (exactly) or... ... Wikipedia

Noun, m., used. compare often Morphology: (no) what? node, what? knot, (I see) what? node, what? knot, about what? about the node; pl. What? nodes, (no) what? nodes, what? nodes, (I see) what? nodes, what? knots, about what? about knots 1. A knot is called a tightened... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary

List of nodes is a list of nodes in alphabetical order. Contents 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 E ... Wikipedia

The nautical mile is a unit of distance used in navigation and aviation. The nautical mile was originally defined as the length of a great circle on the surface of the globe measuring one minute of arc. Thus, moving to... Wikipedia

kinematic units- ▲ unit of measurement is speed knot. gal is a unit of acceleration. hertz unit of frequency... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

You probably want to know specific numbers as soon as possible? Well, let's not bore you with long conversations.

Boeing 737 takeoff speed

Let's figure out how fast a plane takes off. It all depends on individual technical characteristics.

If we talk about the Boeing 737, then takeoff is divided into several stages:

1. The plane begins to move only at the moment when the engine operates at a speed of 810 revolutions per minute. Once this point is reached, the pilot slowly releases the brakes and keeps the control lever at neutral.
2. Speed ​​is gained when the aircraft moves on three wheels.
3. Liner accelerates to 185 kilometers per hour and moves on two wheels.
4. When the acceleration reaches 225 kilometers per hour, the ship takes off.

The above indicators may fluctuate slightly, since the speed is affected by the direction and strength of the wind, air currents, humidity, serviceability and quality of the runway, etc.

You can find out the take-off speed of other airliners from the table:

We invite you to watch this video with a visual measurement of the speed of a passenger plane taking off using GPS:

Airplane speed when landing

As for the speed of the aircraft during landing, this is a variable value that depends on the mass of the side and the strength of the headwind, but in the average landing speed is 240-250 km/h, that is, approximately 20 km/h below the take-off speed of the aircraft.

If there is a headwind, the speed may be even lower, because the headwind increases the lift, in which case values ​​from 130-200 km/h are quite acceptable.

Speed ​​of a passenger plane in flight

So, the average speed of modern airliners is 210-800 kilometers per hour. But this is not the maximum value.

Cruise and maximum values

The acceleration of passenger airliners is divided into cruising and maximum. This value is never compared to the sound barrier. Passengers are not transported at maximum speed.

Speed ​​characteristics vary depending on the airliner model. Average values:

• Tu 134 - 880 kilometers per hour;
• IL 86 - 950 kilometers per hour;
• Passenger Boeing - accelerating from 915 to 950 kilometers per hour.

By the way, the maximum value for civil air transport is approximately 1035 kilometers per hour.

Passenger airliners have low cruising and maximum speeds, so you don’t have to worry again before your upcoming flight!

Passenger aircraft flight speed - quick reference:

• Airbus A380: maximum speed - 1020 km/h, cruising speed - 900 km/h;
• Boeing 747: maximum – 988 km/h, standard flight speed – 910 km/h;
• IL 96: maximum – 900 km/h, cruising speed – 870 km/h;
• Tu 154M: maximum speed – 950 km/h, average – 900 km/h;
• Yak 40: maximum – 545 km/h, and normal speed is 510 km/h.

You may find it easier to understand the numbers thanks to the table:

No related posts.

Velocity is a vector physical quantity that characterizes the speed of movement and direction of movement of a material point in space relative to the chosen reference system.

Converting speed online using our speed converter will allow you to reduce the time it takes to calculate your task! You have the opportunity to operate not only with the usual metric kilometers per hour or meters per second, but also to convert values ​​​​from knots or feet per second to a more familiar measurement.

It must be said that the units of speed have been replenished with new terms in recent years. For example, Internet speed is measured in kilobits or megabits per second. After all, data transfer from the server to your computer also has its own speed.

However, even without innovations, the area of ​​measuring and converting speed is fraught with many interesting things. For example, did you know that the term “knot” can mean more than just a special type of tying rope?

In maritime parlance, knots are units of measurement of a ship's speed; one knot is equal to one nautical mile traveled in an hour. According to international standards, the sea junction is 1,852 kilometers. By the way, they don’t say “20 knots per hour,” as is the case with other speed units, but simply “20 knots.”

Speed ​​is measured (and translated) in different ways. For example, previously in shipping a lag device was used, which showed how many knots a ship travels in a certain period of time. In cars, speedometers are designed for this.

And wind speed is calculated by anemometers. These are devices that display the number of revolutions during wind. They are counted and the wind speed is converted to meters per second.

Let's start with the basics: the speeds of most modern aircraft are measured in knots. A knot is a nautical mile (1.852 km) per hour. This is due to navigational tasks that have come since the times of sailors. A nautical mile is a minute of latitude.

Indicated airspeed is displayed in the left column on the main flight display (PFD), and takeoff speeds V1, Vr and V2 are also displayed here. The navigation display shows TAS (true speed) and GS speeds. Let's look at each speed separately.

First, let's look at the instrument speed (IAS). If you ask the pilot during a flight, “What is our speed?” - it will first point you to the speed indicator to the left of the attitude indicator on the main flight display (PFD). When piloting, this is perhaps the most important speed; it characterizes the load-bearing properties of the glider at the current moment, regardless of the flight altitude. It is used to calculate takeoff, landing, V-stall and other key aircraft speeds.

How is indicated speed determined? Air pressure receivers (APRs), also known as Pitot tubes, are installed on airplanes. Based on the dynamic pressure measured with their help, the instrument speed is calculated.

An important point is that the formula for calculating the indicated speed uses a constant, standard pressure at sea level. Do you remember that as altitude increases, pressure changes? Accordingly, the indicated speed coincides with the speed relative to the ground only at the surface.

Another interesting fact: what image comes to mind when you hear about aviation pioneers? A brown leather jacket, a helmet with goggles and a long white silk flowing scarf. According to some legends, the scarf was the first primitive indicator of instrument speed!

Now let's look at the top left corner of the navigation display. Our speed relative to the ground GS (Ground Speed) is displayed here. This is the same speed that is reported to passengers during the flight. It is determined primarily by data from satellite systems such as GPS. It is also used for control during taxiing, since at low speeds the pitot tubes do not create sufficient dynamic pressure to determine IAS.

A little to the right TAS (True Air Speed) is the true airspeed, the speed relative to the air surrounding the aircraft. All photographs were taken at approximately the same point in time. As you can see, the speeds vary significantly.

The IAS indicated speed is just under 340 knots. True airspeed TAS is 405 knots. Speed ​​relative to the surface GS - 389. Now, I think you understand why they are different.

I also want to note the Mach number. Simplifying a little, this is the speed of a body relative to the speed of sound in a given medium. It is displayed under the indicated speed column and in our situation is 0.637.

Now let's discuss takeoff speeds. The three main takeoff speeds V1, Vr and V2, designations are standard for all aircraft that have more than one engine, from the little Beechcraft 76 to the giant Airbus A380, they are always located in this sequence. Let's imagine that our A320 is on the runway, the checklist has been completed, the controller's permission has been received, and we are completely ready for takeoff.

You move the engine controls to 40%, make sure the rpm is stable, and set the takeoff mode. The first speed to be reached will be V1 (148 knots in our conditions). This is the speed of decision making, in other words, after reaching V1, the takeoff can no longer be interrupted, including in the event of a serious failure. Even if you have an engine failure and V1 has already been reached, you must continue to take off. Before V1 in this situation, you initiate the aborted takeoff procedure, engage reverse, automatic braking is activated, spoilers are released, and you manage to stop before the end of the runway.

But everything is fine with us, the engines are working normally and, after V1, the pilot takes his hand off the engine control levers. Vr speed (rotate speed, 149 knots) is approaching. At this speed, the flying pilot pulls the control wheel (in our case, the sidestick) towards himself and raises the nose landing gear into the air.

At the same moment V2 arrived, in our situation Vr and V2 were calculated the same, but often V2 exceeds Vr. V2 - safe speed. In the event of failure of one of the engines, it will be V2 that will be supported; it guarantees a safe climb gradient. But, as you remember, everything is fine with us, the SRS mode is active, and the speed is V2+10 knots.

On the PFD during takeoff, V1 is indicated by a blue triangle, a magenta dot by Vr, and a magenta triangle by V2.

So, you have learned what take-off speeds are and what they are eaten with, and now let’s find out how to prepare them, and what they depend on. We've now got our beautiful A320 in the air, but let's rewind the clock a little.

Let's imagine that we are preparing for departure, and it is time to calculate the speeds V1, Vr and V2. It's the 21st century, and the miracles of progress have given us an electronic flight briefcase (EFB - a specially trained iPad with the necessary set of software). What exactly information needs to be added to this briefcase so that the magic of ones and zeros can calculate our speeds? First of all, the length of the runway. You and I are preparing to take off from runway 14, right, of the capital's Domodedovo Airport. Its length is 3500 meters.

The moment of truth is coming. We enter our take-off weight and balance. We are deciding whether we can even take off from this runway, or whether we will have to leave a couple of hundred bottles from duty free and the four most obese passengers on earth :)

Since 3500 meters is more than enough for takeoff, we continue to enter data. Next in line are Airfield elevation above sea level, Wind component, Air temperature, Runway condition (wet/dry), Takeoff thrust, Flap position, Use of packs (air conditioning system) and anti-icing systems. Voila, the speeds are ready, all that remains is to add them to the MCDU.

Okay, we discussed calculating speeds using an electronic flight briefcase, but if you threw too many angry birds before the flight or, which is completely shameful for a pilot, played with tanks and discharged your miracle device? What if you are a representative of the school of obscurantism and deny progress? You are about to embark on a fascinating quest into the world of documents with scary names and the tables and graphs they contain.

First, we check whether we will take off from the selected runway: we open a graph in which the necessary variables are laid out along the axes. We move our finger to the intersection, and if the desired value is inside the graph, the attempt promises to be successful.

Next, take the next document and begin to calculate V1 Vr and V2. Based on the weight and the selected configuration, we obtain the speed values. Moving from plate to plate, we make adjustments, depending on the cell we add or subtract several nodes.

And so on over and over again until you get all the values, and there are many of them. Just like in first grade - he moved his finger and read the symbol. Very entertaining.

There is very little left: take off, turn on the autopilot at a thousand feet and wait just a little longer. And then the girls will bring a roller-coaster with food and you can immerse yourself in school memories. And the Airbus itself flies well, the main thing is not to interfere with it.

But we were daydreaming again. Meanwhile, we took off from the ground, maintained a speed of V2+10 knots and even managed to retract the landing gear so that they would not freeze. It's cold at the top, remember? We will gain altitude without applying noise reduction procedures, let everyone know that we have taken off! Once again, the old ladies on the upper floors will begin to vigorously cross themselves, and the children will joyfully point their fingers into the sky at our liner shining in the sun.

Before we could blink an eye, we reached an altitude of 1500 feet. It's time to put the Motor Control levers into Climb mode. The nose drops lower, and we begin to accelerate to S-speed, at which we remove the mechanization (Flaps 0), the next speed limit is 250 knots. 10,000 feet, the nose drops even lower, the speed continues to increase faster and the altitude slower. We turn off the Landing Lights, and the most impatient ones already have their hand ready to turn off the “fasten your seat belts” sign.

Top of climb, the specified flight level has been reached, the plane is leveling off, and we are moving at cruising speed. It's time to replenish your calories!

Dinner at an altitude of several kilometers with panoramic views of the surrounding area is wonderful. Yes, the food is not Michelin star worthy, but they will pay your bill! But all good things, as we know, tend to come to an end, so it’s time for us to decline. We lower the nose and begin our descent. After 10,000 feet the speed drops to 250 knots and we continue to decrease altitude.

It's time to move into the approach phase. Using the magic of the airbus (which itself calculated all the speeds), we slow down to Green dot speed (clean wing speed). Flying at this speed is as economical as possible for us, but you remember that everything good has the property...

We lower the flaps to the first position, the speed is reduced to S-speed. Next - flaps 2 and smoothly reach F-speed. Flaps 3 and finally full flaps, slowing down to Vapp. Vapp - minimum speed (VLS), but adjusted for wind and gusts (minimum 5 maximum 15 knots).

1000 feet, we check that the stabilized approach criteria are met, and if everything is normal, we continue our descent. Before touching down, the plane will demonstrate its attitude towards you by proclaiming “Retard! Retard! Retard!” (If you are not good at English-language name-calling, you can use the urbandictionary online dictionary). Set the throttle to idle and after a moment gently touch the runway.