Washing the dua before prayer. Namaz for women

It is important not only to perform daily prayers in the correct order, but also to learn how to do Taharat before each of them. It consists of several types of ablution that every believer is required to do. Look in more detail at what Taharat consists of in this article.

How to do ablution correctly - what does the external Taharat consist of?

There are two main types of ablution:

• Lesser ablution - Wudu.
• Full or large ablution - Ghusul.

In addition to these, there are the following responsibilities: brushing teeth, washing all clothes and shoes, dry ablution using a stone or earth, and washing are acceptable.

Before prayer, a small ablution is performed; for a complete ablution, there are special cases, which will be discussed in more detail later.

How to do ablution correctly

A believer must have the intention to cleanse himself of sins and be morally pure; without this thought in your head, you simply wash your face and do not perform a ritual. First, calm down and put your thoughts in order, express your desire to perform Taharat, usually this is done out loud with the words “Bismil lahi raakhmani raahim,” which is considered a request for help in performing this ritual.

• Now begin ablution by washing your hands. First the right one and only then the left one. Be sure to rinse all areas, even if you have rings and bracelets. Remove them or move them from place to place. You need to wash all your hands, including your wrists.
• Use your right hand to scoop up water and rinse your mouth three times.
• Rinse your sinuses three times; you also need to draw water with your right hand, and blow your nose and wipe your nose with your left.
• Wash your face well with both hands three times.
• Wash your hands again, but this time up to the elbow. The right hand is washed first.
• Wash your hair, at least a quarter of your head. This is done with wet hands.
• Now rinse your ears: both inside and outside. Wash your hands afterwards.
• You need to wipe your neck.
• Place a container of water under your feet. Wash your right foot first, then your left. Don't forget the area between your toes and ankles. Finish washing each foot with your little finger.

You are allowed to moisten the water with a cloth, only after that you can start praying.

How to do complete ablution

This ritual is performed only after various desecrations, for example, before fasting or going to the mosque, after childbirth in women or illness.

This type of ablution includes small ablution and several other actions:

• First you need to wash your hands and all places that are subject to mandatory concealment.
• Perform small ablution from beginning to end.
• Wash your head three times, then all parts of your body three times too.
• Wash your feet again.

Water in all types of ablution should be clean, odorless and impurity-free.

When can you perform dry ablution?

There is a list of when a person can avoid touching water during Taharat:

• Any source of water is more than 1900 meters away from you.
• You are sick and cannot contact water.
• There is an obstacle that you cannot overcome.
• It's too cold to use water.
• If this leads to thirst, due to your small supply of fresh water.

In this case, you rub your hands on the ground, leaning with your entire palm. Earth or sand appears instead of water.

1. First of all, you must have the intention to perform ablution for the purpose of performing prayer or simply for the sake of being in a state of ritual purity. It is important to have a deep intention in your heart, but saying your intention out loud is still advisable.

2. As when performing any other godly deed, it is advisable for the believer to say “bismil-lyahi rrahmani rrahim” (“in the name of God, whose mercy is limitless and eternal”), thereby asking for God’s blessing and help.

3. Wash your hands up to and including your wrists three times, not forgetting to rinse between your fingers. If there is a ring or ring, they should be removed or, by moving them slightly, try to ensure that the skin underneath is washed.

4. Rinse your mouth three times, collecting water with your right hand.

5. Rinse your nose three times, drawing water with your right hand and blowing your nose with your left.

6. Wash your face three times.

7. Wash your hands up to the elbow three times (first the right, then the left).

8. Rub your scalp with wet hands (at least ¼ of your hair).

9. Afterwards, wash your hands and wipe the inside and outside of your ears; rub the neck with the front (back) of your hands.

10. Wash your feet up to your ankles three times, not forgetting to wash between your toes, starting with the little toe of your right foot and ending with the little toe of your left. Wash your right foot first, then your left.

After or during ablution, a person can dry the washed parts of the body using a towel.

According to the great Muslim theologian Imam al-Nawawi and other scholars, “it is advisable to pronounce these words after complete ablution (ghusl).”

Regarding other prayers (du'a) said by some believers during ablution, Imam an-Nawawi noted that “the prayers (du'a) read by some during ablution while washing individual parts of the body are not canonically justified and were not mentioned by theologians early Islamic period". Moreover, according to the theologian Ibn al-Salah, “about the necessity or desirability of this [i.e. saying prayers-du‘a while washing individual parts of the body] there is not a single reliable hadith.”

From all of the above, it follows that ablution, begun with the name of the Creator (from the words “bismil-lahi rrahmani rrahim”) and completed with the above prayer, is desirable and canonically justified.

Water for ablution

Ablution can be done with any clean water: fresh, carbonated, mineralized and even salty sea water. The permissibility of the latter is stated in one of the reliable statements of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of the Almighty be upon him): “Sea water is clean and cleansing for you [that is, it is fully suitable for performing small (wudu') and full (ghusl) ablutions] , and what died in the sea [that is, everything that lives in the sea and died in it] is suitable for consumption."

In addition, snow can be used for ablution, provided that it melts from body heat and the surface being wiped becomes wet (moist).

The water that descends from the heavens and flows from the earth, in all forms, is permissible for use in performing ablution (wudu’) and ablution (ghusl).

The Holy Quran says:

“We [“We” indicates the greatness of the Creator, but not His plurality] brought down from heaven pure, cleansing water” (see Holy Quran, 25:48).

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) emphasized: “Truly, deeds [are judged] by their intentions” (hadith from ‘Umar; holy kh. al-Bukhari and Muslim). The opinion of theologians is unanimous that in order to receive reward (savab) before the Almighty for performing a correct and good action, the presence of intention is necessary. Intention, from a canonical point of view, is the intention of the heart (soul) to certainly do something. See: Mu'jamu lugati al-fuqaha' [Dictionary of theological terms]. Beirut: an-Nafais, 1988. P. 490.

Varnishes, paints, and glue left on the hands prevent water from penetrating the skin and nails, so you should carefully consider the process of removing these substances. However, if, due to the nature of his professional activity, a person constantly gets dirty with paints or varnishes, then superficial cleaning is enough for him. He falls under the provision of “umumul-balwa”; he is canonically forgiven (“ma’fuvvun ‘ankh”) for things that are difficult to wash off. Naturalness is important, and complications and doubts come from Satan.

A woman's varnished nails are in no way connected with the performance of prayers and do not affect their usefulness. But as for complete ablution (or minor), they will be invalid if performed with painted nails, since water due to the varnish does not pass to the nails, therefore, those parts of the body that should be washed during these ritual hygienic procedures are not washed. washed. There is one nuance regarding complete ablution: if after performing it a woman remembers that she accidentally forgot to remove the nail polish, then she does not need to repeat it again, but will simply rinse her nails after cleaning them.

It is most practical for a woman to use varnish during her period, when she is not praying.

“The Prophet liked to start from the right in many matters: in using water when washing, when combing one’s hair and when putting on shoes” (hadith from ‘Aisha; holy kh. al-Bukhari and Muslim). See: An-Nawawi Ya. Riyad al-salihin. P. 300, Hadith No. 720. It is possible that rituals in which the right side precedes the left reflect the universal human idea that the right side symbolizes good (cf. Russian “pravda”, “rightness”, “righteousness”; English “ right” - “right”, “correct”, “fair”; German “richtig” - “right” from “recht” - “right”, etc.).

1/4 is the obligatory minimum (fard) among Hanafi theologians. Shafi'i theologians say that even a slight movement of a damp hand through the hair is enough. If desired, you can wipe the entire scalp, which is sunnah.

There is no need for a woman to remove earrings from her ears.

Those scholars who spoke about rubbing the neck classified it as possible (adab). B O The majority of theologians believed that rubbing the neck had no canonical justification.

In case of extreme lack of water or time, you can limit yourself to points No. 1, 6–8, 10 without repeating them three times. To these five points, the scholars of the Shafi'i madhhab add a sixth - the sequence in the fulfillment of the five mentioned.

If a plaster cast or a waterproof bandage is applied to that part of the body that must be washed when performing ablution, then the person wipes it with a damp hand. In this case, it counts as actual washing with water.

See: Al-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh [Islamic law and its arguments]. In 8 volumes. Damascus: al-Fikr, 1990. T. 1. P. 255.

Hadith from ‘Umar; St. X. Muslim, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and at-Tirmidhi.

Yahya ibn Sharaf al-Nawawi (1233–1277) - an outstanding imam, muhaddith. His most famous works are “Riyad al-Salihin”, “Arba‘une al-Nawawiyya”, “Minhaj al-Talibin”.

See, for example: As-San'ani M. Subul as-salam [Ways of the world]. In 4 volumes. Cairo: al-Hadith, 1994. T. 1. P. 80.

See: As-San'ani M. Subul as-salam. T. 1. P. 80.

Abu ‘Amru Takyyuddin ‘Uthman ibn Salah (?–1245) – Shafi’i faqih, famous muhaddis and commentator (mufassir) of the Holy Qur’an. He taught in Damascus, where he died. Among his works are “Al-fatawa”, “Al-amali”, “Ma’rifatu anwa’i ‘ilm al-hadith”, “Sharh al-wasyt”.

See: As-San'ani M. Subul as-salam. T. 1. P. 80; al-Khatib al-Shirbini Sh. Mughni al-mukhtaj. T. 1. P. 126, 127.

For more information about what seafood can be eaten, see: Alyautdinov Sh. Answers to your questions about Islam. M., 2003. S. 54, 55.

This hadith was transmitted by the seven companions of the Prophet. See, for example: Al-Amir ‘Alayud-din al-Farisi. Al-ihsan fi takrib sahih ibn habban [A noble act in approaching (to the readers) the collection of hadiths of Ibn Habban]: In 18 volumes. Beirut: ar-Risala, 1991. Vol. 4. P. 49, hadith No. 1243, “sahih” , as well as S. 51, Hadith No. 1244, “Hasan”.

This refers to exceptional situations when a person living in northern latitudes, due to circumstances, cannot use warm tap water.

See, for example: ‘Alyaud-din ibn al-‘Attor. Fatawa al-Imam an-Nawawi [Fatwas of Imam an-Nawawi]. Beirut: al-Bashair al-Islamiyya, 1990. P. 26.

See, for example: Az-Zuhayli V. Al-fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. In 11 volumes. T. 1. P. 265.

Ablution. Namaz. Performing prayer. How to do namaz?

Many people and even those who were born Muslim do not know how start praying (perform namaz). Some can't start praying- something is bothering them. Some are afraid start praying because they think that over time they will abandon this matter. Only the Almighty knows the future, and these doubts are the tricks of the shaitan.
Leaving prayer- a grave sin that can lead a person into unbelief - the unfaithful will burn forever in hell.
Namaz is second in importance pillar of Islam, after Shagyadata(certificate- "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet").
Namaz is the duty of a Muslim.

And so let's get started... Where to start performing prayer?

First of all, this is ablution before prayer. (Small ablution). We do everything in order.

In Arabic we read from right to left.

Intention for ablution: Bismillagyi RahImani RahIim. I intend to perform the obligatory ablution for the sake of Allah Almighty, Allahu Akbar.

1. Then wash your hands, we read the prayer: اَلْحَمْدُ لِلهِ الَّذي جَعَلَ الْماءَ طَهُورًا
"Al-khIamdu lillagyi-llazi jagIalal-maa tagyuraa" - Praise be to Allah, who made water purifying.

2. Face wash, we read the following: اَللّهُمَّ بَيِّضْ وَجْهي بِنُورِكَ يَوْمَ تَبْيَضُّ وُجُوهُ أَوْلِيائِكَ وَلا تُسَوِّدْ وَجْهي بِظُلُماتِكَ يَوْمَ تَسْوَدُّ وُجُوهُ أَعْدائِكَ
"Allagyumma bayyiz vajgyi binurika yavma tabyazzu vujugyu avliyika wa la tusavvid vajgyi bizulumatika yavma tasvaddu vujugyu gidaika" - O Allah! Illuminate my face with Your nour on the day when the faces of Your favorites are illuminated, and do not darken my face with Your darkness on the day when the faces of Your enemies are blackened.

3. We wash our right hand, to the forearm (from the tip of the fingers to just above the elbow). We read the following: اَللّهُمَّ أَعْطِني كِتابي بِيَميني وَحاسِبْني حِسابًا يَسيرًا
"Allagyumma agItIini kitabi biyamini wa hasibni hisaban yasira." - O Allah, offer me my records of earthly deeds on the Day of Judgment on the right side and reprimand me with an easy account.

4. We wash our left hand, up to the forearm (from the tip of the fingers to just above the elbow). We read the following: اَللّهُمَّ لا تُعْطِني كِتابي بِشِمالي وَلا مِنْ وَراءِ ظَهْري
"Allagyumma la tugItIini kitabi bishimali wa la min varai zagri." - O Allah, do not offer me my notes from the left and behind.

5. We wipe our heads (with the moistened palms of both hands, we draw from the forehead to the back of the head (like in shampoo commercials) three times, each time with new water). We read:
اَللّهُمَّ حَرِّمْ شَعْري وَبَشَري عَلَى النّارِ
"Allagyumma hIarram shahIri va bashari gIala-nnar." - O Allah, make my hair and skin prohibited from the fire of Hell.

6. Washing the right foot (I wash my feet with my left hand, although it’s a little inconvenient, but definitely with my left hand). At the same time we read: اَللّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ قَدَمَيَّ عَلَى الصِّراطِ يَوْمَ تَزِلُّ فيهِ الْأَقْدامُ
"Allagyumma sabbat kadamaya gIala-siratIi yavma tazilu figyil-aqdam." - O Allah, strengthen my feet on the Sirat Bridge on the day when they slide.

7. Washing the left leg (I also wash with my left hand). We read the same as when washing the right foot.

If you don’t know prayers, then you can read surahs or verses from the Koran. For example suras 112-114. One sura for each arm or leg and of course the face. When wetting the head one can say Allahu Akbar (Allah is great) or Bismillagyi rahImani rahIim(in the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)

After ablution, it is advisable to read duqIa (raising my palms to the level of my face, turning my palms to the sky - I read all the arcs in this way). We read: prayer:

أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَحْدَهُ لا شَريكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ اَللّهُمَّ اجْعَلْني مِنَ التَّوّابينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنَ الْمُتَطَهِّرينَ وَاجْعَلْني مِنْ عِبادِكَ الصّالِحينَ سُبْحانَكَ اللّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاّ أَنْتَ أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ وَصَلَّى اللهُ عَلى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَصَحْبِه وَسَلَّمْ

"Ashgyadu alla illagya illallag wahIdagyu la sharika lie down, wa ashgyadu anna Muhammadan gIabdugyu wa rasulugyu. Allagyumma-jgIalni min-tavvabina vajgIalni minal-mutatIagirina, vajgIalni min gibadika-s -salihIina, subhIanaqallashgumma wa bihIamdika, ashgyadu allya ilyagya illya anta, astagIfiruka wa atubu Ilayka, wa sallallagu gIala sayyidina Muhammadiv-va gIala aligyi wa sahbigyi wa sallam." - I I testify with my tongue, I acknowledge and believe in my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah alone, Who has no partner, and I testify again, I acknowledge and believe in my heart that, truly, Muhammad is His servant and Messenger. O Allah, make me of those who repent of their sins, and make me of those who maintain purity, and make me of Your pious servants who serve You well. You are pure from all shortcomings, praise be to You. I testify that there is nothing worthy of worship except You. I ask You for forgiveness and repent before You. And the blessings of Allah be upon our master Muhammad, his family and companions, peace and prosperity to them.

Namaz: Performing namaz. How to do namaz?

And so, let's start performing prayer.

Standing on the prayer mat (we will consider the mat as a place for prayer). Lay out the rug so that when you stand up you look at it towards the Kaaba(Qibla). Any prayer is performed facing the Kaaba.

Making an intention(for example, for an evening prayer of 3 rakats): Bismillagyi RahImani RahIim. I intend to perform the obligatory evening prayer of three rak'ahs, for the sake of Allah, Allahu akbar ( at the moment when we say Allahu Akbar, we raise our hands with open palms, lightly touching our earlobes with our thumbs). Then we lower our palms to the area under the heart, first place the left palm and the right one on top of it. And now you are already in prayer.

Let's make the first rak'ah.

1. In this position we read Surah Al-FatihIa:

1 بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمـَنِ الرَّحِيم
"Bismillagy rahImani rahIim"- in the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.

2 الْحَمْدُ للّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِين
"AlhIamdulillahyi rabbil gyalamin" - Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds.

3 الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيم
"Ar-RahImani-r-RahIim" - The Gracious, the Merciful.

4 مَـالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّين
"Maliki Yaumiddin" - Lord of the Day of Retribution.

5 إِيَّاك نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِين
"Iyyaka nagIbud wa iyaka nastagIin" - Only to You is our worship, only to You is our prayer for salvation.

6 اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ
"Igdina siratIal mustaqim" - Lead us on the straight path.

7 صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنعَمتَ عَلَيهِمْ غَيرِ المَغضُوبِ عَلَيهِمْ وَلاَ الضَّالِّين
"SiratIal lyaziina angIamta gIalaigyim, gairil magzubi alyaigyim va lyazooalin"- The path of those to whom You have bestowed Your mercy, not those on whom Your wrath has fallen, and not those who have fallen into error.

Amen! (Amen Rabb-al gIalamin).

2. After Surahs Al-FatihIa, Pronounce Alahu Akbar and bend forward and place your palms on your knees (become the letter "G" -bow from the waist). We pronounce:
سبحان ربي العظيم
"SubhIana Rabbi-l-Giazim" - My Great Lord is impeccable! 3 times.

3. We straighten up, saying:
سمع الله لمن حمده
"SamigIa-Llagyu li-man xIamida" - May Allah hear the one who praises Him!

4. After this, saying Allahu Akbar let's go to prostration (judging). First, place your palms on the mat (if your health allows it, if it doesn’t work out, then you can fall to your knees and only then put your palms down), then we touch the rest of the mat, these are: knees, face. In general, seven parts of the body should touch the mat: your face (forehead, nose), palms, knees and the balls of your toes. Palms should be directed in the same direction as the person praying (to the sideKaaba- Necessarily), put them at shoulder level.
In this situation we read:
سبحان ربي الأعلى
"Subhana Rabbi-l-Gial" - Impeccable is my Supreme Lord! 3 times.

5. Before lifting your forehead from the mat, you should say Allahu Akbar and only then sit down. We sit down so that our buttocks rest on our heels. We place our palms on our knees. This moment is called "sitting between judgments" We freeze in this position for 2-3 seconds.

6. Having said Allahu Akbar, place your palms on the mat again and touch your face (forehead and nose) to the mat. Those. we do the same as in the fourth point. After reading
"Subhana Rabbi-l-Gial"- 3 times, we say Allahu Akbar and get up. And we find ourselves in the same situation as in point 1. One rak'ah completed!!!

Second rak'ah- everything is done the same as in the first one. But now after point 6 we don’t get up, but remain in the position "sitting". We also leave the palm of our left hand on our knees, and clench our right palm into a fist, leaving the index finger straight (preferably semi-straight). In this situation we read: AttahIiyatu.

اَلتَّحِيّاتُ الْمُبارَكاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ لِلهِ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكاتُهُ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْنا وَعَلى عِبادِ اللهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله،ِ اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما صَلَّيْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، وَبارِكْ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما بارَكْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، فِي الْعالَمينَ، إِنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيد

"At-TahIyyyatu-mubarakatu-salyawatu-ttIayyibatu lillag. As-Salamu gIalaika ayyugya-nnabiyyu va rahImatullagyi va barakatugy. As-Salamu gIalaina wa gIala giibadillagyi-ssalihiin. Ashgadu alla Ilyagya illallag wa ashgyadu anna Muhammad-rrasulullah Allahyumma sally gIala MukhIammad, wa Giala Ali MukhIammad, kama sallayta Giala Ibrahim wa Giala Ali Ibrahim. Wa barik Giala Muhammad, wa Giala Ali MukhIammad, kama barakta Giala Ibrahim wa Giala Ali Ibrahim, fil-Alamina, innaka hiamidu-mmajid" . - All greetings, blessings, prayers and good deeds belong to Allah. Prophet, peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessing. Peace be upon us and the God-fearing, pious servants of Allah. I testify with my tongue, acknowledge and believe in my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, and I once again testify, acknowledge and believe in my heart that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.
O Allah! Grant more honor and greatness to Prophet Muhammad and his family, just as You gave honor and greatness to Prophet Ibrahim and his family. O Allah! Give more blessings to Prophet Muhammad and his family, just as you gave blessings to Prophet Ibrahim and his family - in all the worlds. Verily, You are the Praised One and We praise You.

In this case, the salavat is given: "As-Salat al-Ibrahimiyya"(because we can’t find the salavat we need yet)

When you read Shagyadat(testimony) in the first part ( Ashgyadu allya ilyagya illallag) tear off the index finger from the knee by 3-4 centimeters, in the second ( va ashgyadu anna Muhammad-rrasulullah) lower to a level of 1-2 cm. Do not lower your finger or pull (this is important!). We say Akbar to Allah and stand up, as in point 1 - two rak'ahs are done.

Let's do one more rak'ah and read again AttahIiyatu to finish the prayer because this is the last third rak'ah, turn your head to the right and say: "As-salamu gIalaikum va RahImatul-lag", then turn left and say the same thing.

So you have performed the evening three rak'ah prayer.

I would like to draw your attention to the fact that this is the easiest way to perform prayer for beginners. Over time, when you become more knowledgeable, you can add short surahs and verses from the Koran to your prayer, read dugIa, etc.
Namaz is performed only in Arabic.

If you notice any mistakes, please correct me, I am not an alim and I could be wrong. If there is a text of Attukhiyatu in Arabic and a transcription, please show me.

Ablution plays a special role in the Islamic faith, since without it Muslims cannot perform certain rituals of worship. This term in Islam refers to the process of ritual purification performed by believers at least several times a day.

There are two types of ablution: small (“wudu”, “taharat”), and full (“ghusl”).

Taharat

Lesser ablution is a type of ritual cleansing performed by believers regularly and does not require complete nudity when performing it.

In what cases is it necessary to perform taharat:

• before starting prayer (namaz);

• before reading the Holy Quran;

• before starting the tour around the Kaaba.

Procedure for performing wudu:

1. Say your intention to perform ablution: in order to begin taharat, a person must have an appropriate intention, which he can say to himself.

2. Say the words “Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahim”(“In the name of Allah, the Beneficent and the Merciful”).

3. Wash your hands up to your wrists: the believer must wash the palms of both hands up to the wrists three times, always washing the areas between the fingers (it is advisable to start with the right hand).

4. Rinse your mouth: After using your hands, you should rinse your mouth well three times, and it is advisable to hold the water to your lips with your right hand.

5. Rinse your sinuses: A Muslim must rinse his nose three times, drawing in water from his right hand and removing the secretions with his left.

6. Wash your face: To do this, it is enough to rinse your face three times, so that each time water gets on its entire surface (up to the ears).

7. Wash your hands up to the elbows: each hand, starting with the right, is sequentially washed on all sides three times from the wrist to the elbow.

8. Wiping the head, neck and ears: It is necessary to wipe the hair with wet palms, and it is recommended to touch at least a quarter of the head (usually wipe with the right hand from the crown to the forehead). After this, the thumbs are moved under the earlobes, and the index fingers are rubbed over the auricle and ear canal. At the end of this stage, you should walk along the neck with the backs of your hands, smoothly moving your hands from the back to the front.

9. Cleansing the feet: Finally, the feet are washed three times up to the ankles, including the areas between the toes. Here it is also encouraged to perform the procedure starting with the right leg.

It is important to know that the obligatory actions (fard) of Taharat will be the following: washing the face, hands up to the elbows, wiping the neck, ears and head, washing the feet. The obligatory nature of these stages is due to the fact that they are mentioned in the Holy Scriptures of Muslims:

“O you who believe! When you stand up for prayer, wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows, wipe your heads and wash your feet up to the ankles” (5:6)

Thus, after performing wudhu, the believer is in a state of ritual purity, in which he can perform prayer, read the Koran, and so on. This provision remains until the believer commits any action that violates it.

What breaks wudu:

• elimination of needs, including the release of gases;

• loss of consciousness;

• sleep, except when a person dozes while sitting or standing;

• release of waste from the human body in large quantities (blood, pus, etc.);

• touching the genitals directly (i.e. not through tissue);

• severe vomiting (provided that the vomit has filled the entire oral cavity).

Ghusl

Full ablution is a type of ablution performed when a Muslim is in a state of ritual desecration. In the Qur'an, the Lord of the Worlds tells us:

“...If you are defiled, then wash from head to toe and make yourselves clean...” (5:6)

Situations in which GUSL is necessary:

• after intimacy (for ritual desecration, contact of the genitals will be sufficient, even if ejaculation does not occur);

• after ejaculation that did not occur as a result of intimacy (for example, if it arose due to passionate sensations as a result of thoughts, or viewing images and videos with naked bodies, wet dreams, etc. is considered haram);

• postmenstrual period in women (during menstruation, a woman is in a state of ritual desecration, and therefore on such days she is even forbidden to pray and. After the completion of menstruation, women should perform ghusl);

• the postpartum period in women (at the end of postpartum bleeding, complete ablution is also prescribed);

• after accepting Islam (after a person has said the Shahada and became a Muslim, he must purify himself);

• death (before burial, the body of every Muslim must be washed)

While in a state of ritual desecration, a believer does not have the right to:

• read and touch the Holy Quran (if its text is entirely in Arabic);

• perform namaz;

• visit a mosque;

• circumambulate the Kaaba.

Procedure for performing ablution:

Intention for performing Ghusl: as before taharat, a person must say (maybe mentally) the intention;

Say “Bismillahir-Rahmanir-Rahiim”;

Washing hands up to wrists: rinse your hands three times up to the wrists, while cleaning the areas between the fingers (it is preferable to start with the right hand);

Washing the genitals: this should be done carefully to eliminate all impurities, and preferably with the left hand;

Performing all acts of ablution (wudu): in this case, the procedure of washing the palms is repeated, and the soles of the feet are postponed until the completion of the ghusl;

Pouring the head: it must be done three times and so that all the hair on the head, including the beard and mustache, is moistened from the tips to the roots;

Pouring the right side of the body: three times and a sufficient amount of water for this, but without allowing excessive consumption;

Dousing the left side of the body three times;

Washing feet(including areas between the fingers).

Like Taharat, Ghusl contains both obligatory and desirable actions. However, there are some discrepancies among Muslim legal schools regarding complete ablution. If, according to the Hanafite madhhab, rinsing the mouth, washing the nasal cavity and dousing the entire body is considered fard when performing ghusl, then in the Shafi'i madhhab it is the intention, the removal of impurities and complete dousing.

Advantages of ablution

Believers are required to perform ablution not only before performing religious practices - a state of ritual purity must be inherent in any Muslim almost constantly. Taharat and ghusl in Islam are considered a good deed, for which there is a reward. The famous hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) reads: “If someone, while in a state of ablution, performs it again, the Almighty writes to him 10 good deeds” (at-Tirmidhi).

In addition, ritual cleansing helps to erase the sins of a believer, as stated in the following hadith: “When a Muslim performs ablution, then, by washing his face, he washes away all the sins that his eyes commit, by washing his hands, he washes away all the sins that he committed with them, by washing his feet , washes away all the sins that he committed with them, and thus a person will become clean from sins” (quoted by Muslim and at-Tirmidhi).

Another advantage of ablution is the fact that it can lead a believer to Paradise. The Messenger of Allah (s.w.w.) once admonished: “Whoever of you performs ablution and then says, for him all eight gates of heaven will open” (hadith from Muslim).

Both men and women who are going to perform namaz are required to perform a small ablution (wudu), and in order to enter a state of ritual purity after sexual intercourse or a wet dream, it is necessary to perform a complete ablution (ghusl), that is, to cleanse the entire body. This is a requirement. Also, for women after the end of the period of postpartum cleansing and critical days, ghusl is fard.

This is bringing the body into a state of ritual purity through ablution (and masah - running a wet hand over certain parts of the body) according to the appropriate rules. Many rituals of worship of Allah cannot be performed without ritual ablution. For example, it is not allowed to perform namaz, walk around the Kaaba (during Hajj and Umrah), or touch the Holy Quran with your hands.

The order of taharat before prayer

1. If possible, it is better to sit on an elevated place, turning your face towards the Qibla and say: “Uzu billahi mi-nash-shaitanir-rajim” (I seek refuge with Allah Almighty from the evil of the overthrown Satan) and “Bismillahir-rahmanir-rahim” (I begin “with the name of the Almighty Allah, Merciful to everyone in this world and Merciful only to those who believe on the Day of Judgment”).
2. Wash your hands up to the wrists three times. Rub the fingers of one hand between the fingers of the other. If there are rings or rings on your fingers, move them so that water gets under them (photo 1).
3. Saying “Bismillah...”, draw water and rinse your mouth three times (photo 2). Brush your teeth using a miswak, or if you don’t have one, then use your thumb and forefinger (photo 3), then rinse your mouth two more times.
4. After saying “Bismillah...” water is drawn into the nose (photo 4). If a person is not fasting, then bring the water to the wings of the nose and draw it into the nostrils, then blow the nose with the left hand. This procedure is repeated two more times.
5. Having expressed a sincere intention and said “Bismillah...”, you should take water into your palms and wash your face from top to bottom, from the edge of your hair to your chin inclusive, your cheeks to your ears (photo 5). Rub your hand under your eyebrows. These steps are repeated two more times. When washing your face, you should wipe it.
6. Having said “Bismillah...”, wash and rub your right hand up to the elbow (photo 6). Then repeat this two more times. The left hand is washed three times in the same way (photo 7).
7. With the words “Bismillah...”, run a wet hand over one fourth of the head. After this, wipe the inside of the ears with your index fingers and at the same time wipe behind the ears with your thumbs (photo 9).

Run the back of three wet fingers, excluding the thumb and forefinger, along the back of the neck (photo 10). Rubbing wet hands over the entire head is sunnah. This is called complete massah (wiping) of the head. Full mash: wet your hands, move your thumbs and index fingers away, while closing the other three fingers of each hand tightly together and placing the inside on the top of your forehead where the hair begins (closed fingers of one hand touch the closed fingers of the other hand), then move with these closed fingers fingers along the head to the back of the head, where the hair ends (the thumb and forefinger are not involved, when moving back, run your palms along the sides of the head. After that, wipe the inside of the ears with your index fingers, and rub behind the ears with your thumbs from top to bottom. Then with the back of the rest hold three closed fingers of each hand behind the neck (do not wipe the throat).

Washing your feet should begin with the right foot, saying “Bismillah...” (photo 11). The spaces between the fingers should be wiped with the little finger of the left hand. Washing the right foot begins with the little toe, the left foot with the big toe, and is done from the bottom up. The left leg is washed in a similar way and also begins by saying “Bismillah...”. Both legs are washed up to the ankles (photo 12).

Circumstances that violate Taharat (minor ablution)

1. The release of urine, excrement, blood, semen, etc. from a person.
2. Bleeding and discharge of pus or ichor.
3. Vomiting full mouth.
4. Insanity.
5. Drunk.
6. Fainting.
7. Emission of gases.
8. Sleep lying on your side or sitting on one hip, with your legs thrown to the side, as well as sitting cross-legged, when the seat is not pressed tightly to the seat. If a person falls asleep while sitting with his seat pressed tightly to his place, then his ritual ablution is not disturbed.
9. Loud laughter during prayer (when others hear it).
10. Bleeding from the gums when the amount of this blood is greater than or equal to the amount of saliva being spat out.

Shaving, cutting hair and nails does not violate ritual purity, nor does releasing blood in an amount less than the amount of saliva being spat out.

Ghusl (great ablution)

This is a mandatory complete ritual bathing of the entire body, including rinsing the mouth and nose, to cleanse from ritual impurity: the consequences of sexual intercourse and ejaculation of semen during sleep (wet dreams), as well as after the monthly cycle in women and the end of the postpartum state.

Procedure for performing Ghusl

According to the sunnah, complete ablution is performed in the following order:

1. Make the intention to perform ghusl (great ablution), then wash your hands and genitals in front and behind, even if they are clean.
2. Say “Bismillah...”, and then perform a small ablution (taharat), performed before prayer. If water collects at your feet, wash your feet last.
3. Rinse your mouth and nose with more water than when performing regular taharat, because with this rinsing, fard of the ghusl is also performed to cleanse the mouth and nose.
4. Pour over and wash your hair three times. In this case, the hair on the head, beard and mustache should be wet to the roots.
5. Pour over the right shoulder three times and wash the right side of the body with the flowing water.
6. Pour over the left shoulder three times and wash the left side of the body.

During ablution, wipe the entire body with your hand so that there is not a single place on the body that does not get water, including the navel and ear canals.

This is the rubbing of the face and hands, including the elbows, with the palms of the hands, cleansed by striking the palms on soil or a similar base, instead of performing taharat (minor ablution) or ghusl (major ablution) as intended in the absence of water or the impossibility of using it.

Conditions and procedure for performing Tayammum

A Muslim is permitted to perform tayammum in the following cases:

• lack of water;
• inability to use water due to the threat of exacerbation of the disease;
• the danger of attack from enemies and the occurrence of other similar serious obstacles.

Tayammum is performed as follows: pronounce “A”uzu...” and “Bismillah...”, strike the soil or other surface replacing it with your hands and rub your palms on this surface moving forward and back. After this, wipe your face with your hands. Then hit the soil with your hands a second time and again move your palms back and forth and rub your hands with them from the hands to the elbows and back - first the right, then the left.

If you wear rings, when performing tayammum, you need to remove or move them on your fingers and wipe the area under them.

Mask on the surface of the Khuff

Both men and women are allowed to make a masah (running wet hands) over their leather socks, called "mest" or "khuff". To do this, the following conditions must be met:

1. Khuffs are put on when ritually clean (after ablution-taharat);
2. The khuffs must cover the legs up to the ankles and must be durable, capable of withstanding at least 12 thousand steps;
3. Khuffs should not be full of holes or torn (if there are torn places, they should not exceed the width of three little toes);
4. Khuffs should be waterproof, thick enough and stay on your feet without ties;

Mask on a protected and unprotected wound

1. A person who, due to a dislocation, fracture or injury, has any parts of his body bandaged, taped or plastered, and it is not possible to wash these places, is allowed to make a mass over the surface of most of the bandage, etc. Moreover, if this can harm his health, then he is even exempt from the mask.
2. Unlike the mask on shoes, the mask on the surface of a bandage, bandage, plaster, etc. There is no expiration date - the mash can be performed until the wound is completely healed. In this case, it does not matter whether the person was present when applying the bandage, etc. in a state of ritual purity or not.
3. If the bandage unties or falls off after the mash is performed, or a new one is applied to the existing bandage, then updating the mash is not necessary.

Illustrations for performing taharat

PHOTO 1 - Hands are washed up to the wrist. When washing with the fingers of one hand, wipe the spaces between the fingers of the other hand. If there are rings on the fingers, they are moved so that water gets under them.

PHOTO 2 - Brushing your teeth with a miswak is a sunnah of Taharat. The miswak is taken in the right hand with the little finger and thumb, with the little finger remaining under the miswak, the index, middle and ring fingers on top, and the thumb supporting it from below. Using a moistened miswak, starting from the right, all teeth are cleaned.