12.03.2023

Yuri Berezkin. Yuri Berezkin about early civilizations, the image of history and patterns of historical development

Disciplines taught

  • Classics of domestic and foreign ethnology and socio-cultural anthropology
  • Prehistory of civilizations
  • Non-classical mythologies
  • Political anthropology

Head of the Americas Department at the MAE RAS, Professor at the Faculty of Anthropology at EUSP.

SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS AND AREAS OF RESEARCH

Ancient migrations and cultural connections, peopling of the Americas, comparative mythology, early complex societies

BIOGRAPHY

In 1970 he graduated from the Faculty of History of Leningrad (St. Petersburg) University with a degree in historian-archaeologist. Since my university years I couldn’t decide what was more interesting: the iconography of the pre-Hispanic cultures of Peru or the archeology of the Ancient East, specifically the south of Turkmenistan. After university, he joined the army for two years, in 1973 he was accepted into the MAE (Kunstkamera) in the American department, where he worked until 1986. In 1987-2002 - in the Leningrad Institute of Archeology (since 1990 Institute of the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences), in 2003 he returned to the Kunstkamera . At the European University since 1996. In 1977 he defended his PhD on the iconography of the Mochica culture, in 1990 - his doctorate on comparing data on the distribution of mythological motifs in South America with archaeological materials on the settlement of the continent and the spread of agriculture. In total, from 1966 to 1994, he spent 60 months in the field, which is not much for an archaeologist. However, the practice of working on excavations of settlements of the Neolithic - Middle Bronze Age in Turkmenistan (VI-III millennium BC), combined with familiarity from books with the archeology of the Central Andes, gave rise to interest in the typology of early complex societies. Attempts to find an explanation for the scenes on the paintings of the Mochica culture (I-VII centuries AD, Peru) forced us to systematize data on the folklore and mythology of South America. After an internship in the USA in 1992-1993 and the advent of the computer, the compilation of a database on the folklore of America, and then the whole world, came to the fore, although early complex societies were not completely abandoned. Special area of ​​interest is cosmonymy. Main topics of work in last years– settlement of the New World (analysis of the areal distribution of folklore motifs in America and Siberia) and the history of the formation of the plot-motivic fund of African and Eurasian traditions. Work at the EU helped me understand the logic of changing directions in anthropological and archaeological research and determine my own position (neo-evolutionist). Author of more than 250 scientific publications.

PUBLICATIONS

Monographs:

Selected articles:

  • An Identification Of Anthropomorphic Mythological Personages In Moche Representations // Nawpa Pacha, (Berkeley) 18, 1981: 1-26.
  • Mythology of the Indians of Latin America and the most ancient folklore provinces // Folklore and historical ethnography. M: Nauka., 1983. pp. 191-220.
  • "City of Masters" on the ancient eastern periphery. Settlement layout and social structure of Altyn-Depe in the 3rd millennium BC. // Bulletin of ancient history, 3, 1994: 14-27.
  • Models of a medium-scale society: America and the ancient Middle East // Alternative paths to early statehood. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 1995, pp. 94-104
  • Chiefdoms and acephalous complex societies: archaeological data and ethnographic parallels // Early forms of political organization. M.: Oriental Studies, 1995. pp. 39-49
  • Tree of abundance: myth and its components // American Indians: new discoveries and interpretations. M.: Nauka, 1996. pp. 152-166.
  • America and the Middle East: forms of sociopolitical organization in the pre-state era // Bulletin of Ancient History 2, 1997: 3-24.
  • (with Solovyova N.F.) Ceremonial architectural complexes of Ilgynly-depe // Archaeological Vesti 5, 1998: 86-123.
  • Woman in Indian mythology: someone else’s or one’s own? // Astarte. Issue 2. Women in the power structures of archaic and traditional societies. St. Petersburg: SPGU, 1999. pp. 34-57.
  • V.M. Masson and social anthropology of the second half of the twentieth century // Interaction of cultures and civilizations. In honor of the anniversary of V.M. Masson. St. Petersburg: IHMC RAS, 2000. pp. 32-45.
  • // Studia Ethnologica. Proceedings of the Faculty of Ethnology. St. Petersburg, 2004
  • Quarterly center of the Bronze Age at Altyn-Depe // Features of the production of the Altyn-Depe settlement in the paleometal era / Materials of the South Turkmenistan Archaeological Complex Expedition. Issue 5. St. Petersburg: IHMC RAS, 2001. P. 40-59
  • South Siberian-North American connections in the field of mythology // Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia 2 (14), 2003: 94-105
  • Trickster Rabbit: Mayan iconography and folklore of the Indians of the North American Southeast // Ancient civilizations of the Old and New Worlds: M.: Russian State University for the Humanities, 2003. pp. 53-59.
  • // Proceedings of the Faculty of Ethnology. Vol. 1 . St. Petersburg, 2001. pp. 98-165.
  • Assessing the antiquity of Eurasian-American connections in the field of mythology // Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia 1(21), 2005: 146-151
  • Space hunt: variants of the Siberian-North American myth // Archaeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia 2(22), 2005: 141-150
  • // Anthropological Forum 2, 2005: 174-211.
  • // Forum for Anthropology and Culture 2, 2005: 130-170.
  • Some trends in the global spread of complexes of folklore and mythological motifs // Ad hominem. In memory of Nikolai Girenko. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2005. pp. 131-156.
  • Continental Eurasian And Pacific Links In American Mythologies And Their Possible Time-Depth // Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 21(2), 2005: 99-115
  • Folklore and mythological parallels between Western Siberia, northeast Asia and the Amur region - Primorye (towards the reconstruction of the early state of Siberian mythology) // Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia. 2006. No. 3(27). pp. 112-122
  • Bird Woman in Chaco and California: relict forms of social organization in the mirror of folklore // Power in Aboriginal America. Problems of Indian Studies. M.,: Nauka, 2006. pp. 383-409.
  • Eurasia - America: dualistic cosmogonies // Power in Aboriginal America. Problems of Indian Studies. M.,: Nauka, 2006. pp. 353-382.
  • Luring out and capturing Batradz. Siberian-North American parallels to the motif of the Nart epic and the genesis of heroic images // Power in Aboriginal America. Problems of Indian Studies. M.: Nauka, 2006. pp. 410-422.
  • (with Korotayev A., A. Kozmin, & A. Arkhipova) Return Of The White Raven: Postdiluvial Reconnaissance Motif A2234.1.1 Reconsidered // Journal of American Folklore 119(472), 2006: 203-235.
  • The origin of death is an ancient myth // Ethnographic Review 1, 2007. pp. 70-89.
  • Cosmogonic plots of “the diver for the earth” and “the emergence of people from the earth” (about the heterogeneous origin of the American Indians) // Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia. 2007. No. 4(32). pp. 110-123
  • Dwarfs And Cranes. Baltic Finnish Mythologies In Eurasian And American Perspective (70 Years After Yriö Toivonen) // Folklore (Tartu), 36, 2007: 75-96.
  • African Old Testament and Asian "folk Christianity"? // Myth, symbol, ritual. Peoples of Siberia. M.: Russian State University for the Humanities, 2008. pp. 222-257.
  • Siberian-Sami connections in the field of mythology against the background of the plot of ATU 480 // Natales grate numeras? Collection of articles for the 60th anniversary of G.A. Levinton. St. Petersburg: EUSPb Publishing House, 2008. pp. 119-143.
  • Alcor, bowler hat and dog: intercontinental parallels and epoch-making changes in the picture of the starry sky // “Bricks”: cultural anthropology and folklore studies today. Collection in honor of the 65th anniversary of S.Yu. Neklyudova. M.: Russian State University for the Humanities, 2008. pp. 11-23.
  • Out Of Africa And Further Along The Coast (African - South Asian - Australian Mythological Parallels) // Cosmos: The Journal of Traditional Cosmology Society (Edinburgh) 23(1), 2009: 3-28.
  • Folklore and mythology of Africa in the light of ideas about the ancestral home of man // Bulletin of the Russian State University for the Humanities 9, 2009: 18-43.
  • Why Are People Mortal? World Mythology And The "Out-Of-Africa" ​​Scenario // Ancient Human Migrations. A Multidisciplinary Approach. Salt Lake City: The University of Utah Press, 2009. pp. 242-264.
  • Pleiades-holes, the Milky Way as the Road of Birds, a girl on the moon: North Eurasian ethnocultural connections in the mirror of cosmonymy // Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia 4 (44), 2009. pp. 100-113.
  • Selecting Separate Episodes Of The Peopling Of The New World: Beringian–Subarctic–Eastern North American Folklore Links // Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 5 (1-2), 2010: 257-276.
  • Sky-Maiden And World Mythology. The Dispersal Of Modern Man And The Areal Patterns Of Folklore-Mythological Motifs // L'Impensé symbolique. IRIS. Les Cahiers du GER: Éditions litteraires et linguistique de l'Universite de Grenoble (ELLUG) 31, 2010: 27-39.
  • Mythological explanations of human mortality and the problem of the origin of the Na-Dene // From being to other being. Folklore and funeral ritual in traditional cultures of Siberia and America. St. Petersburg, 2010: MAE RAS. pp. 7-50.
  • Kodiak in the cultural space of the Northern Pacific // Alutiiq Eskimos. Catalog of the Kunstkamera collections. St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2010. pp. 421-450.
  • From the mythology of the Algonquins and Athapascans. Toward the reconstruction of the ethnocultural history of North America // The discovery of America continues. Vol. 4. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2010. P. 6-96.
  • Tricksters Trot To America. Areal Distribution Of Folklore Motifs // Folklore (Tartu) 46, 2010: 125-142.
  • Spoiled Creation: European Folk Beliefs And Asian Mythologies // Aramazd: Armenian Journal of Near Eastern Studies IV(2), 2010: 7-35.
  • Two motifs in the mythologies of Western Melanesia and the origin of the Lapita // Australia, Oceania and Indonesia in the space of time and history (Maclay collection 3). St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2010. pp. 58-68.
  • From Africa and Back: Some Areal Patterns Of Mythological Motifs // Mother Tongue, Journal of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory 15, 2010: 1-67.
  • Out-of-Africa Hypothesis And Areal Patterns Of Cosmological Motifs // Acta Americana 17(1), 2011: 5-22.
  • On the structure of history // Leadership in the archaic: conditions and forms of manifestation. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2011. pp. 87-97.
  • Four folklore motifs from three eras in the history of Indonesia and the Philippines // Pilipinas muna! Philippines first! Collection of articles for the 80th anniversary of G.E. Rachkova. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2011. pp. 138-174.
  • Nanai folklore and the ancestral home of the American Indians // Radlovsky collection. Scientific research and museum projects of the MAE RAS in 2011. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2012. pp. 329-338.
  • Siberian-South Asian folklore parallels and mythology of the Eurasian steppe // Archeology, anthropology and ethnography of Eurasia 4(52), 2012: 144-155
  • Mythological trees in the forest of culture // Ethnographic Review 6, 2012: 3-18.
  • // Eesti Kirjandusmuuseumi aastaraamat (Yearbook of the Estonian Literary Museum) 2009. Tartu: Eesti kirjandusmuuseum, 2012 [published in 2013]. P. 31-69.
  • (co-authored with S.A. Vasiliev, A.V. Dybo, A.G. Kozintsev, A.V. Tabarev, S.B. Slobodin) // Ethnographic Review 3, 2012. pp. 3-20.
  • // Art & ideology / Art & Ideology. Sofia: University Publishing House “St. Kliment Ohridski", 2012. pp. 625-632.
  • // Zografsky collection, vol. 3, 2013, St. Petersburg: MAE RAS. pp. 5-37.
  • Archeology, ethnography and politogenesis // Early forms of political systems, compiler and author. editor V.A. Popov. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2013. pp. 135-158.
  • Peoples of America // Ethnography (ethnology). Textbook for bachelors. Edited by V.A. Kozmina and V.S. Elder. M.: Yurait, 2013. pp. 399-423.
  • Two approaches to the problems of the emergence of complex societies (for the publication of the book by Kent Flannery and Joyce Marcus) (Flannery K., Marcus J. The Creation of Inequality. How our prehistoric ancestors set the stage for monarchy, slavery, and empire. Cambridge, Mass. & London: Harvard University Press, 2012. 635 p.) // Russian Archaeological Yearbook 3, 2013. pp. 608-615.
  • Central Andes, the Middle East and secret knowledge // Theory and methodology of archaics. Cyclicality: the dynamics of culture and the preservation of tradition / Rep. ed. M.F. Albedil, D.G. Savinov. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2013. pp. 91-121.
  • // Folklore (Tartu) 56, 2014: 25-46.
  • Three tricksters: world distribution of zoomorphic protagonists in folklore tales // Scala Naturae. Festschrioft in Honor of Arvo Krikmann for his 75th birthday. Ed. by Anneli Baran, Liisi Laineste, Piret Voolaid. Tartu: ELM Scholaly Press, 2014. P. 347-356
  • // Anthropological Forum 20, 2014: 187-217
  • Neolithic, Andes and Western Asia // Russian Archaeological Yearbook 4, 2014: 18-25
  • Zoomorphic tricksters: patterns of areal distribution // Bestiary III. Zoomorphisms in the traditional universe. Rep. ed. M.A. Rodionov. St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2014. pp. 29-42
  • Zoomorphic support of the earth: South Asian trace // Zografsky collection. Vol. 4, 2014. Reply. ed. I'M IN. Vasilkov and M.F. Albedil. SPb: MAE RAS. pp. 11-49

    • Siberian folklore and the origin of the Na-Dene // Archeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia? 1(61), 2015: 122-134.

  • “Seven Brothers”, “Heavenly Cart” and the ancestral home of the Indo-Europeans // Ethnographic Review 3, 2015: 3-14.

    • Spread of folklore motifs as a proxy for information exchange: contact zones and borderlines in Eurasia // Trames. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19(1), 2015: 3-13.

  • Folklore and mythology catalogue: its lay-out and potential for research // The Retrospect Methods Network Newsletter 10. Between Text and Practice. Mythology, Religion and Research. A special issue of RMN Newsletter, ed. by Frog and Karina Lukin. Helsinki: University of Helsinki, 2015. P. 56-70.

    • The spread of folklore motifs as an exchange of information, or Where the West borders the East // Anthropological Forum 26, 2015: 153-170

  • Children pursued by an ogre. Western and Eastern Eurasian borrowings in the 20th century Quechua narratives // Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 30(2), 2015: 185-215.

    • Buried in a head: African and Asian parallels to Aesop’s fable // Folklore (London) 127(1), 2015: 91-102. (with Evgeny Duvakin)

  • The captive khan and the clever daughter-in-law // Folklore (Tartu) 64, 2015: 31-54. (with Evgeny Duvakin)

    • Peopling of the New World in light of the data on distribution of folklore motifs // Maths Meets Myths: Complexity-science approaches to folktales, myths, sagas, and histories, ed. Ralph Kenna, Máirín Mac Carron, and Pádraig Mac Carron. Springer Verlag. (in print)

PROJECTS AND GRANTS (Since 1997)

1997-1998, RGNF, No. 97-01-00085, Preparation and computer processing of a database on the mythology of the Indians of North America (supervisor).

1997-1998, RGNF, No. 97-01-00283, Processing of materials from excavations of the Neolithic settlement of Ilgynly-depe, Southern Turkmenistan (supervisor).

1997-1999, RFBR, No. 97-04-96348, Early art forms. Encyclopedic Dictionary (performer).

Sep. 2000 – Nov. 2000. Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collections, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington D.C. (grant for work in the library).

2003-2005 , Fundamental Research Program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences Ethnocultural interactions in Eurasia: “The Eurasian ancestral home of the American aborigines (analysis of the areal distribution of folklore and mythological motifs” (supervisor).

2004, Research grant from the St. Petersburg Research Center: The Eurasian ancestral home of the American aborigines. Search, systematization, analysis, interpretation of the distribution of folklore and mythological motifs within the New and Old Worlds (supervisor).

2004-2006, RFBR, No. 04-06-80238, Myths and genes: reconstruction of the ancient Eurasian plot and motif fund based on a comparative analysis of the areal distribution of genetic lines and folklore and mythological motifs (supervisor).

2006-2008, Program of fundamental research of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences Adaptation of peoples and cultures to changes in the natural environment, social and man-made transformations: “Ancient migrations reflected in sets of folklore and mythological motifs: origin, contacts and the natural environment as factors in the formation of regional mythologies” (director).

2007-2009, RFBR, No. 07-06-00441-a, Myths and languages: linguistic kinship and linguistic boundaries as factors in the formation of regional complexes of folklore and mythological motifs (supervisor).

INTAS 05-10000008-7922 (2007-2008) : A reconstruction of prehistoric Eurasian mythological motif complexes and their most ancient distribution in connection with genetic data (performer).

2009, RGNF, Siberia and the first Americans, No. 08-01-93212, performer.

2009, Research grant of the St. Petersburg Scientific Center: Comprehensive studies of the processes of settlement of the New World (according to archaeology, anthropology and folkloristics), executor.

2009-2011, Fundamental research program of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences Historical and cultural heritage and spiritual values ​​of Russia, “The ancient population of Siberia and human migration to the New World: experience of interdisciplinary research (according to archaeology, anthropology, ethnography, folklore and linguistics)”, performer.

2011-2013, RFBR, No. 11-06-00441, Dynamics of centralization - decentralization of traditional socio-political systems of the Old and New Worlds according to archaeological, historical and ethnographic data, head.

2014-2016, RFBR grant 14-06-00247. Project title: "Stages and factors in the formation of folklore and mythological traditions of Western Eurasia."

2014-2016, Grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 14-18-03384, “Stories retold for millennia: reconstruction of the dynamics of the global distribution of plot and figurative elements of oral narratives.”

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Yuri Evgenievich Berezkin
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Yuri Evgenievich Berezkin(born December 27) - Soviet and Russian historian, archaeologist, ethnographer, specialist in comparative mythology, history and archeology of ancient Western and Central Asia, as well as the history and ethnography of the Indians (especially South America); Doctor of Historical Sciences .

Biography

In 1973-1986 he worked in the Americas department of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, in 1987-2002 - in. Since 2003 he has been working at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, heading the Americas department.

Since 1996, he has been simultaneously teaching at the European University in St. Petersburg, professor at the Faculty of Anthropology (until 2008 - Faculty of Ethnology).

Scientific activity

In 1977 he defended his candidate's dissertation, in 1990 - his doctoral dissertation.

Main areas of research:

  • Comparative mythology
  • Archeology of the Near and Middle East. In this area, Yu. E. Berezkin identified the main features of the socio-political evolution of early agricultural societies in this region and discovered their closest ethnographic analogue (Apatani). Thus, they discovered alternatives to chiefdoms in Neolithic Southwest Asia, non-hierarchical systems of complex acephalous communities with pronounced autonomy for small-family households.
  • History of the settlement of the New World

Selected works

  • Albedil M. F., Berezkin Yu. E. Dwellings of the peoples of the world: Small encyclopedia. : [For ml. and Wednesday school age]. - Kaliningrad: Yantar. Skaz, 2002. - 48 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-7406-0545-8.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Ancient Peru: New facts - new hypotheses. - M.: Knowledge, 1982. - 64 p. - (Read it, comrade!). - 40,000 copies.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. The ancient history of South America and Indian mythology: (From hunter-gatherers to early farmers): Author's abstract. dis. ... Dr. Ist. Sci. - M., 1990. - 50 p.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Once again about horizontal and vertical connections in the structure of medium-sized societies // Alternative paths to civilization. - M.: Logos, 2000. - P. 259-264. ISBN 5-88439-136-6
  • Berezkin Yu. E.. - L.: Nauka, 1991. - 229 p. - (History and modernity). - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-02-027306-6.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Inca Empire. - M.: Algorithm, 2014. - 255 p. - 1200 copies. - ISBN 978-5-4438-0894-9.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. . - 2001.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Myths populate America: the areal distribution of folklore motifs and early migrations to the New World. - M.: OGI, 2007. - 358 p. - (Nation and culture / New research. Folklore / ed.: A. S. Arkhipova). - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94282-285-9.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Myths of the Old and New Worlds: from the Old to the New World: myths of the peoples of the world. - M.: Astrel: AST, 2009. - 446 p. - (Myths of the peoples of the world). - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-17-056957-1.- ISBN 978-5-271-22624-3; ISBN 978-5-17-056958-8; ISBN 978-5-271-22627-4
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Mochika: Civilization of the Indians of the North. coast of Peru in the I-VII centuries. - L.: Nauka, 1983. - 165 p. - 4850 copies.
  • Vasiliev S. A., Berezkin Yu. E., Kozintsev A. G. Siberia and the first Americans. - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg. : Philol. fak. St. Petersburg state University: Nestor-History, 2011. - 171 p. - (“Archaeologica varia”: AV / editorial advice: S.I. Bogdanov [et al.]). - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8465-1117-0.
  • Korotayev A., Berezkin Yu., Kozmin A., Arkhipova A. Return of the White Raven: Postdiluvial Reconnaissance Motif A2234.1.1 Reconsidered // J. Amer. Folklore. - 2006. - Vol. 119. - P. 472-520.
  • Myths of the Indians of South America: Book. for adults / Comp. and lane Yu. E. Berezkin. - St. Petersburg. : Publishing house of Europe. Home, 1994. - 318 p. - ISBN 5-85733-022-X.
  • America and the Middle East: forms of sociopolitical organization in the pre-state era // Bulletin of ancient history. - 1997. - No. 2. - P. 3-24.
  • Anatomy of love: archaic and “progressive” motifs in the mythologies of the circum-Pacific region // Astrata. - St. Petersburg, 1999. - Issue. 1: Cultural studies from history Ancient World and the Middle Ages: problems of femininity. - pp. 159-190.
  • Areal distribution of folklore and mythological motifs // / Ed. S. Yu. Malkov and others - M.: KomKniga: URSS. - pp. 205-232.
  • Chiefdoms and acephalous complex societies: archaeological data and ethnographic parallels // Early forms of political organization. - M.: Oriental Studies, 1995. - P. 39-49.
  • The voice of the devil among the snow and jungle. - L.: Lenizdat, 1987.
  • "City of Masters" on the ancient eastern periphery. Settlement layout and social structure of Altyn-Depe in the 3rd millennium BC. e. // Vestn. ancient history. - 1994. - No. 3. - P. 14-27.
  • What reality is hidden in myths? // Nature . - 1998. - No. 2. - P. 48-60.
  • Legends of the Peruvian Indians (cartoon). - USSR, 1978.
  • V. M. Masson and social anthropology of the second half of the century // Interaction of ancient cultures and civilizations. - St. Petersburg, 2000. - P. 32-45.
  • Mythology of the Aborigines of America: Results of statistical processing of the areal distribution of motives // History and semiotics of American Indian cultures. - M., 2002. - P. 259-346.
  • Mythology of the Indians of Latin America: a retrospective of recent research // American Indians: new discoveries and interpretations. - M.: Nauka, 1996. - P. 136-152.
  • Myths of the Indians of South America. - St. Petersburg: European House, 1994.
  • Bridge over the ocean: the settlement of the New World and the mythology of the Indians and Eskimos of America. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.
  • On the structure of history: temporal and spatial components // / Ed. P.V. Turchin and others - M.: URSS, 2007. - P. 88-98.
  • Ideas about mushrooms among American Indians // Kunstkamera, ethnographic notebooks. - St. Petersburg, 1998. - Issue. 11. - pp. 119-132.
  • Alternative models of middle range society. "Individualistic" Asia vs. "Collectivistic" America? // Alternative Pathways to Early State. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka, 1996. - P. 75-83.
  • Central and South American Indian Mythologies: First Results of Computer Processing // Acta Americana (Stokholm - Uppsala). - 1998. - Vol. 6, No. 1. - P. 77-102.
  • Some results of comparative study of American and Siberian mythologies: applications for the peopling of the New World // Acta Americana (Stokholm - Uppsala). - 2002. - Vol. 10, No. 1. - P. 5-28.
online publications
  • Berezkin Yu. . FAQ: Comparative Mythology. PostScience (July 13, 2012). Retrieved October 12, 2013.
  • Berezkin Yu. E.

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Literature

  • Borinskaya S.// Anthropological forum. - No. 5. - pp. 445-458.

Links

  • . European University in St. Petersburg. Retrieved October 12, 2013.
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Excerpt characterizing Berezkin, Yuri Evgenievich

– Are you interested in books, Madonna Isidora?..
In Italy, women and girls were called “Madonna” when they were addressed with respect.
My soul went cold - he knew my name... But why? Why was I interested in this creepy man?!. I felt dizzy from intense tension. It seemed as if someone was squeezing my brain with an iron vice... And then suddenly I realized - Caraffa!!! It was he who tried to mentally break me!.. But why?
I looked straight into his eyes again - thousands of fires were blazing in them, carrying innocent souls into the sky...
– What books are you interested in, Madonna Isidora? – his low voice sounded again.
“Oh, I’m sure, not the kind you’re looking for, Your Eminence,” I answered calmly.
My soul ached and fluttered in fear, like a caught bird, but I knew for sure that there was no way to show him this. It was necessary, no matter what the cost, to stay as calm as possible and try, if possible, to get rid of him as quickly as possible. There were rumors in the city that the “crazy cardinal” persistently tracked down his intended victims, who later disappeared without a trace, and no one in the world knew where and how to find them, or whether they were even alive.
– I’ve heard so much about your refined taste, Madonna Isidora! Venice only talks about you! Will you honor me with this honor and share your new acquisition with me?
Karaffa smiled... And this smile made my blood run cold and I wanted to run wherever my eyes were looking, just so as not to see this insidious, sophisticated face ever again! He was a real predator by nature, and right now he was on the hunt... I felt it with every cell of my body, every fiber of my soul, frozen in horror. I've never been a coward... But I've heard too much about it scary person, and I knew that nothing would stop him if he decided that he wanted to get me into his tenacious clutches. He swept away any barriers when it came to “heretics.” And even kings were afraid of him... To some extent, I even respected him...
Isidora smiled when she saw our frightened faces.
- Yes, I respected it. But it was a different respect than what you thought. I respected his tenacity, his ineradicable faith in his “good deed.” He was obsessed with what he was doing, not like most of his followers, who simply robbed, raped and enjoyed life. Caraffa never took anything and never raped anyone. Women, as such, did not exist for him at all. He was a “soldier of Christ” from beginning to end, and until his last breath... True, he never understood that in everything he did on Earth, he was absolutely and completely wrong, that it was terrible and an unforgivable crime. He died like that, sincerely believing in his “good deed”...
And now, this man, fanatical in his delusion, was clearly determined to get my “sinful” soul for some reason...
While I was frantically trying to come up with something, they unexpectedly came to my aid... My old acquaintance, almost a friend, Francesco, from whom I had just bought books, suddenly turned to me in an irritated tone, as if losing patience with my indecision:
– Madonna Isidora, have you finally decided what suits you? My clients are waiting for me, and I can’t spend my whole day just on you! No matter how nice it would be to me.
I stared at him in surprise, but fortunately, I immediately caught his risky thought - he suggested that I get rid of the dangerous books that I was holding in my hands at that moment! Books were Caraffa’s favorite hobby, and it was for them that, more often than not, the smartest people found themselves in the networks that this crazy inquisitor set up for them...
I immediately left most of it on the counter, to which Francesco immediately expressed “wild displeasure.” Caraffa watched. I immediately felt how much this simple, naive game amused him. He understood everything perfectly, and if he wanted, he could easily arrest both me and my poor risky friend. But for some reason he didn’t want to... He seemed to sincerely enjoy my helplessness, like a contented cat holding a caught mouse in a corner...
- May I leave you, Your Eminence? – Without even hoping for a positive answer, I asked cautiously.
– To my great regret, Madonna Isidora! – the cardinal exclaimed with feigned disappointment. -Will you allow me to come see you sometime? They say you have a very gifted daughter? I would really like to meet and talk with her. I hope she is as beautiful as her mother...
“My daughter, Anna, is only ten years old, my lord,” I answered as calmly as possible.
And my soul was screaming in animal horror!.. He knew everything about me!.. Why, well, why did crazy Karaffa need me?.. Why was he interested in my little Anna?!
Is it because I was known as the famous Vidunya, and he considered me his worst enemy?.. After all, for him it didn’t matter what they called me, for the “Grand Inquisitor” I was simply a witch, and he burned witches at the stake.. .
I loved Life deeply and selflessly! And I, like every normal person, really wanted it to last as long as possible. After all, even the most notorious scoundrel, who may have taken the lives of others, cherishes every minute he lives, every day he lives, his life, precious to him!.. But it was at that moment that I suddenly understood very clearly that it was he, Caraffa, who will take her, my short and so valuable to me, unlived life...
– A great spirit is born in a small body, Madonna Isidora. Even Saint Jesus was once a child. I will be very glad to visit you! – and bowing gracefully, Caraffa left.
The world was collapsing... It crumbled into small pieces, each of which reflected a predatory, subtle, intelligent face...
I tried to somehow calm down and not panic, but for some reason it didn’t work. This time my usual confidence in myself and in my abilities failed me, and this made it even worse. The day was as sunny and bright as just a few minutes ago, but darkness settled in my soul. As it turned out, I had been waiting for this man to appear for a long time. And all my nightmare visions about bonfires were only a harbinger... for today's meeting with him.
Returning home, I immediately persuaded my husband to pick up little Anna and take her somewhere far away, where Caraffa’s evil tentacles could not reach her. And she herself began to prepare for the worst, since she knew for sure that his arrival would not be long in coming. And I was not mistaken...
A few days later, my favorite black maid Kay (at that time it was very fashionable to have black servants in rich houses) reported that “His Eminence, the Cardinal, is waiting for me in the pink drawing room.” And I felt that something would happen right now...
I was wearing a light yellow silk dress and knew that this color suited me very well. But if there was one person in the world in front of whom I did not want to look attractive, it was certainly Caraffa. But there was no time left to change clothes, and I had to go out that way.
He waited, calmly leaning on the back of his chair, studying some old manuscript, of which there were a countless number in our house. I put on a pleasant smile and went down to the living room. Seeing me, for some reason Karaffa froze, without uttering a word. The silence dragged on, and it seemed to me that the cardinal was about to hear my frightened heart beating loudly and treacherously... But finally, his enthusiastic, hoarse voice was heard:
– You are amazing, Madonna Isidora! Even this sunny morning is playing next to you!
– I never thought that cardinals were allowed to compliment ladies! – with the greatest effort, continuing to smile, I squeezed out.
- Cardinals are people too, Madonna, and they know how to distinguish beauty from simplicity... And where is your wonderful daughter? Will I be able to enjoy double beauty today?
– She is not in Venice, Your Eminence. She and her father went to Florence to visit her sick cousin.
– As far as I know, there are no patients in your family at the moment. Who fell ill so suddenly, Madonna Isidora? – there was an undisguised threat in his voice...
Caraffa began to play openly. And I had no choice but to face the danger face to face...
– What do you want from me, Your Eminence? Wouldn't it be easier to say it directly, saving us both from this unnecessary, cheap game? We are smart enough people that, even with differences in views, we can respect each other.
Yuri Evgenievich Berezkin
Date of Birth 27th of December(1946-12-27 ) (72 years old)
A country
Scientific field mythology, archeology
Place of work IHMC RAS, Kunstkamera
Alma mater LGU ()
Academic degree Doctor of Historical Sciences ()
Academic title Professor
Scientific director V. M. Masson
Known as author of works on comparative mythology

Biography

In 1973-1986 he worked in the Americas department of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, in 1987-2002 - in. Since 2003 he has been working at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, heading the Americas department.

Since 1996, he has been simultaneously teaching at the European University in St. Petersburg, professor at the Faculty of Anthropology (until 2008 - Faculty of Ethnology).

Scientific activity

In 1977 he defended his candidate's dissertation, in 1990 - his doctoral dissertation.

Main areas of research:

  • Comparative mythology
  • Archeology of the Near and Middle East. In this area, Yu. E. Berezkin identified the main features of the socio-political evolution of early agricultural societies in this region and discovered their closest ethnographic analogue (Apatani). Thus, they discovered alternatives to chiefdoms in Neolithic Southwest Asia, non-hierarchical systems of complex acephalous communities with pronounced autonomy for small-family households.
  • History of the settlement of the New World

Selected works

  • Albedil M. F., Berezkin Yu. E. Dwellings of the peoples of the world: Small encyclopedia. : [For ml. and Wednesday school age]. - Kaliningrad: Yantar. Skaz, 2002. - 48 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-7406-0545-8.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Ancient Peru: New facts - new hypotheses. - M.: Knowledge, 1982. - 64 p. - (Read it, comrade!). - 40,000 copies.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. The ancient history of South America and Indian mythology: (From hunter-gatherers to early farmers): Author's abstract. dis. ... Dr. Ist. Sci. - M., 1990. - 50 p.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Once again about horizontal and vertical connections in the structure of medium-sized societies // Alternative paths to civilization. - M.: Logos, 2000. - P. 259-264. ISBN 5-88439-136-6
  • Berezkin Yu. E. The Incas: A Historical Experience of Empire. - L.: Nauka, 1991. - 232 p. - (History and modernity). - 50,000 copies. - ISBN 5-02-027306-6.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Inca Empire. - M.: Algorithm, 2014. - 255 p. - 1200 copies. - ISBN 978-5-4438-0894-9.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. . - 2001.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Myths populate America: the areal distribution of folklore motifs and early migrations to the New World. - M.: OGI, 2007. - 358 p. - (Nation and culture / New research. Folklore / ed.: A. S. Arkhipova). - 1000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-94282-285-9.
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Myths of the Old and New Worlds: from the Old to the New World: myths of the peoples of the world. - M.: Astrel: AST, 2009. - 446 p. - (Myths of the peoples of the world). - 1500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-17-056957-1.- ISBN 978-5-271-22624-3; ISBN 978-5-17-056958-8; ISBN 978-5-271-22627-4
  • Berezkin Yu. E. Mochika: Civilization of the Indians of the North. coast of Peru in the I-VII centuries. - L.: Nauka, 1983. - 165 p. - 4850 copies.
  • Vasiliev S. A., Berezkin Yu. E., Kozintsev A. G. Siberia and the first Americans. - 2nd ed. - St. Petersburg. : Philol. fak. St. Petersburg state University: Nestor-History, 2011. - 171 p. - (“Archaeologica varia”: AV / editorial advice: S.I. Bogdanov [et al.]). - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-8465-1117-0.
  • Korotayev A., Berezkin Yu., Kozmin A., Arkhipova A. Return of the White Raven: Postdiluvial Reconnaissance Motif A2234.1.1 Reconsidered // J. Amer. Folklore. - 2006. - Vol. 119. - P. 472-520.
  • Myths of the Indians of South America: Book. for adults / Comp. and lane Yu. E. Berezkin. - St. Petersburg. : Publishing house of Europe. Home, 1994. - 318 p. - ISBN 5-85733-022-X.
  • America and the Middle East: forms of sociopolitical organization in the pre-state era // Bulletin of ancient history. - 1997. - No. 2. - P. 3-24.
  • Anatomy of love: archaic and “progressive” motifs in the mythologies of the circum-Pacific region // Astrata. - St. Petersburg, 1999. - Issue. 1: Cultural studies from the history of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages: problems of femininity. - pp. 159-190.
  • Areal distribution of folklore and mythological motifs // History and mathematics: Analysis and modeling of socio-historical processes / Ed. S. Yu. Malkov and others - M.: KomKniga: URSS. - pp. 205-232.
  • Chiefdoms and acephalous complex societies: archaeological data and ethnographic parallels // Early forms of political organization. - M.: Oriental Studies, 1995. - P. 39-49.
  • The voice of the devil among the snow and jungle. - L.: Lenizdat, 1987.- 180 pp.: ill. - (Mind Knows the World).- 100,000 copies
  • "City of Masters" on the ancient eastern periphery. Settlement layout and social structure of Altyn-Depe in the 3rd millennium BC. e. // Vestn. ancient history. - 1994. - No. 3. - P. 14-27.
  • What reality is hidden in myths? // Nature . - 1998. - No. 2. - P. 48-60.
(1946 )

Yuri Evgenievich Berezkin- Russian historian , archaeologist , ethnographer, specialist in comparative mythology, history and archeology of ancient Western and Central Asia, as well as history and ethnography Indians(especially South America). Head of the Americas Department of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS. Professor at the Faculty of Ethnology of the European University in St. Petersburg. Doctor of Historical Sciences.

Main directions of scientific research

  • Comparative mythology
  • Archeology of the Near and Middle East. In this area, Yu. E. Berezkin identified the main features of the socio-political evolution of early agricultural societies in this region and discovered their closest ethnographic analogue ( apatani). Thus, alternatives were open to them chiefdoms in Neolithic Southwest Asia, non-hierarchical systems of complex acephalous communities with pronounced autonomy of small-family households.
  • History of the settlement of the New World

Publications

  • 2008? The origins of our civilization or turning points in history
  • 2007. Myths populate America. M.: OGI.
  • 2007. On the structure of history: temporal and spatial components // History and Mathematics: Conceptual space and directions of search / Ed. Turchin P.V. , Grinin L. E., Malkov S. Yu., Korotaev A.V.M.: URSS, 2007. pp. 88-98.
  • 2007. Areal distribution of folklore and mythological motifs // History and mathematics: Analysis and modeling of socio-historical processes / Ed. Malkov S. Yu., Grinin L. E., Korotaev A.V.M.: KomKniga/ URSS. P.205-232.
  • 2006. Return of the White Raven: Postdiluvial Reconnaissance Motif A2234.1.1 Reconsidered. Journal of American Folklore 119 (2006): 472-520 (with A.V.Korotaev and etc.).
  • 2002. Bridge over the ocean: the settlement of the New World and the mythology of the Indians and Eskimos of America. NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.
  • 2002. Mythology of the American Aborigines: Results of statistical processing of the areal distribution of motifs // History and semiotics of American Indian cultures. M. S. 259-346.
  • 2002. Some results of comparative study of American and Siberian mythologies: applications for the peopling of the New World//Acta Americana (Stokholm - Uppsala). Vol. 10, No. 1. P. 5-28.
  • 2000. Once again about horizontal and vertical connections in the structure of medium-sized societies // Alternative Paths to Civilization. M.: Logos. pp. 259-264.
  • 2000. V. M. Masson and social anthropology of the second half of the century // Interaction of ancient cultures and civilizations. St. Petersburg pp. 32-45.
  • 1999. Anatomy of love: archaic and “progressive” motifs in the mythologies of the circum-Pacific region // Astrata. Vol. 1: Cultural studies from the history of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages: problems of femininity. St. Petersburg pp. 159-190.
  • 1998. What reality is hidden in myths? // Nature. No. 2. P. 48-60.
  • 1998. Ideas about mushrooms among American Indians // Kunstkamera, ethnographic notebooks. Vol. 11. St. Petersburg, 1998. pp. 119-132.
  • 1998. Central and South American Indian Mythologies: First Results of Computer Processing // Acta Americana. Stockholm: Uppsala. Vol. 6, N 1. P. 77-102.
  • 1997. America and the Middle East: forms of sociopolitical organization in the pre-state era // Vestn. ancient history. 1997. No. 2. P. 3-24.
  • 1996. Alternative models of middle range society. "Individualistic" Asia vs. "Collectivistic" America? // Alternative Pathways to Early State. Vladivostok: Dal'nauka. P. 75-83.
  • 1996. Mythology of the Indians of Latin America: a retrospective of recent research // American Indians: new discoveries and interpretations. M.: Science. pp. 136-152.
  • 1995. Chiefdoms and acephalous complex societies: archaeological data and ethnographic parallels // Early forms of political organization. M.: Oriental Studies, 1995. P.39-49.
  • 1994. Myths of the Indians of South America. St. Petersburg: European House.
  • 1994. “City of Masters” on the ancient eastern periphery. Settlement layout and social structure of Altyn-Depe in the 3rd millennium BC. e. // Vestn. ancient history. No. 3. pp. 14-27.
  • 1991. Berezkin Yu. E.

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