1. if the adjective is not used without Not , For example: Not sloppy, Not molded, Not separated, Not conquerable;
2. If Not serves to form a new adjective, which can be replaced with a word or expression that is similar in meaning, for example: Not high(short), Not polite(rude). In this case Not is a prefix.
3. If the adjective contains the words Very , very , extremely , enough , absolutely and some others that enhance the degree of manifestation of the symptom, for example: It was very Not high fence; It was extremely Not polite answer.

NOT a negative particle and is written separately with adjectives:

1. if there is or is implied opposition, for example: The house was Not high and low; The answer was Not polite but rude;
2. if the adjective uses negative particles not far , not at all, not at all , For example: not far polite answer; not at all good mood;
3. if the adjective has dependent words with neither , For example: not to anyone interesting article, not at all difficult task.

NOT with short adjectives

Spelling Not with short adjectives, the meaning of which is the same as full ones, is subject to the same rules as spelling Not with full adjectives, for example: ceiling Not high(low); ceiling very short ; ceiling Not high and low; ceiling Not high(which one?).

Integrated and separate writing Not with short adjectives helps in writing to distinguish the meaning of what the writer wants to express, for example: story not interesting (quite boring) - story Not interesting(i.e., it cannot be said that it is boring, but it is not read with great interest); road not wide (quite narrow) - road Not wide a (i.e. it cannot be said that it is narrow, but not very wide).

Note

There is a small group of short adjectives with which Not always written separately. Such adjectives either do not have a full form, or have a different meaning in their full form, for example: not happy, shouldn’t, not capable, not ready, not needed, doesn’t agree, not obliged.

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The question of whether to write the particle “not” together or separately with adjectives is quite complicated: the choice of the correct option depends on many factors, and there are also exceptions. Here is systematized information for better mastering this spelling rule and applying knowledge in practice. We will look at different options for combined and separate spelling of the particle “not” and adjectives, and give examples.

• if without “not” the word does not exist: nondescript (nondescript), careless (careless);
  
• if an adjective with “not” can be replaced with a synonym (without “not”): ugly (ugly) – ugly (ugly), unmarried - single.
  

Option “separately”

1. There is a contrast. If in a sentence one adjective is contrasted with another and there is a conjunction “a”, the spelling of the adjective with “not” is separate. This applies to both long and short forms. Not sincere, and feigned. Not interesting, but boring.

   This rule also applies when there is no explicit opposition, but it is implied. you are watching not ordinary phenomenon(that is, “not ordinary, but exceptional”).

   Please note: there may be two interpretations. Compare two examples.

   • This not complicated task(“...it’s simple”, that is, you don’t think the task is difficult).
     
   • This uncomplicated task(you claim that the task is easy).
     
   The exception is the contrast with the conjunction “but”. It performs a different function: we also have two signs, but the second sign exists simultaneously with the first and, as it were, in spite of it. Then “not” and the adjective are written together. Compare:
   • Task not simple, but complex.
     
   • Task not easy, but doable(“yes, the task is not simple, but despite this, it can be completed”).
     
2. There is a denial of any property or quality. Relative adjectives (characterize a permanent property of an object) are written separately from “not”. They can also be contrasted. For example: spoons not silver (“...and steel”); honey not floral (“...and fake”).
   Separately with “not,” we also write qualitative adjectives (characterize the quality of an object) if they denote color. Unlike relative adjectives, qualitative adjectives in combination with the particle “not” denote the absence or insufficient manifestation of quality. For example: dye not white, shade not yellow .
   
3. There is an underlined statement. We will write “not” with an adjective separately if they express the underlined statement in an interrogative or simply emotionally charged sentence. Such a sentence can be mentally supplemented with an affirmative answer.
   • Unclear is this without evidence?- Yes it is clear.
     
   • To whom unknown the names of these heroes!- Yes, everyone knows them.
     

1. “Not” is written separately with an adjective if the following are used as explanatory words:
   • “far from it”;
     
   • “not at all”;
     
   • "not at all"
     
   as well as some negative pronouns ( nobody) and adverbs that begin with “nor” ( not at all). For example: no one unknown man, not at all not stupid action, far not easy exercise. The same applies to adjectives ending in “-my”: at all not dependent, with nothing incomparable .
   The exception is when the negative pronoun functions more like a noun, does not depend on the adjective, and the adjective itself explains this pronoun. I didn't do anything illegal.
   
2. If there are other explanatory words, “not” is written together with the adjective: inappropriate in this case the statement, incomprehensible words to me unsuitable play area etc. A negative sign is stated here: “the statement is not appropriate,” “I don’t understand the words,” “the site is not suitable for playing.”
   Here we also include adjectives ending in “-my”, such as fireproof, waterproof, independent, indestructible, incorrigible and their short forms ( waterproof, incorrigible etc.). They are also written together with “not” even if there are explanatory words. This country is economically independent. They bet unthinkable before records.
   
3. Special cases of combined spelling of the particle “not” and an adjective are when adverbs of measure (“to what extent?”, “how much?”) and adverbs of degree (“to what extent?”) are present nearby:
   • "Very";
     
   • "very";
     
   • "extremely";
     
   • "to the highest degree";
     
   • "almost"
     
   and so on. For example: very ugly behavior, very unsuccessful day.
   If we see the adverbs “at all”, “at all” as explanatory words, they can mean either “very”, “completely”, “absolutely” (and then we will choose the combined spelling “not” with the adjective), or “not at all” ( choose separate spelling). Compare:
   • It was completely unnecessary talk(statement: “yes, absolutely unnecessary”).
     
   • It was not at all not random meeting(denial: “no, not at all random”).
     

• This drawing uglier Togo(“more ugly than the other”).
  
• This drawing no prettier Togo(“is not more beautiful than the other”).
  

As you can see, there are quite a lot of nuances in the combined and separate spelling of the particle “not” with adjectives. But you can also notice that in some cases it is not necessary to remember a certain rule - rather, you need to reason logically to choose the right option.

We often encounter the problem of merging and separate writing of particles " Not" And " neither"with other words. The easiest rule to understand and remember here is that:

1. The particle “not” is written together with all words that are not used without “not”(fable, unsociable, ignorant, ridiculous, dislike, be perplexed, impossible, really). In other cases, writing " Not» is subject to the following rules.

2. With verbs and gerunds, the particle “not” is always written separately, except:

• cases specified in the first rule;
• prefixes are under-in verbs that mean “insufficient action” (undernourished, undercooked, underripe).

Note. Not to be confused with verbs with the prefix do- and the particle " Not”, denoting “unfinished action” (not finishing a book, not finishing a movie).

3. With nouns, the particle “not” is written together:

• if for a word with “not” you can find a synonym without this particle (untruth - lie, foe - enemy). Note: it is not always possible to find an exact synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning of the word indicates a consistent spelling.
• when forming a word denoting persons with the meaning of opposition (professionals - non-professionals, Russian - non-Russian);

apart:

• when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction a (not a friend, but an enemy, not happiness, but grief);
• if a word with " Not" means not people (elephants are not elephants, a story is not a story, cold is not cold).

Note. Exceptions are words-terms that are written together: metals - non-metals.

4. With adjectives, the particle “not” is written together:

• if you can replace the adjective with " Not" is a synonym without this particle (unmarried - single, unfriendly - hostile, short - low). Note: it is not always possible to find an exact synonym, but the affirmative connotation of the meaning of the word indicates a consistent spelling.

apart:

• when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not bitter, but sweet; not affectionate, but rude);
• if the adjective is relative (the vase is not crystal, the chain is not silver) or qualitative, denoting color (the sea is not blue, the towel is not yellow);
• (not a shortcut at all, far from useless advice);
• if the particle " Not” is emphasized in an interrogative sentence (Isn’t this statement true? - Is this statement false?);
• if the adjective is written with a hyphen (not commercial and industrial enterprises).

Note 1. Short adjectives are written with " Not”, just like the complete ones from which they are produced (incurable disease - the disease is incurable, the person is not smart, but stupid - the person is not smart, but stupid);

Note 2. If a short adjective does not have a full form, then it will always be written separately with the particle " Not"(he is not happy to meet).

5. With adverbs, the particle “not” is written together:

• if the adverb ends in -o, and it can be replaced with a word similar in meaning (unhappy - sad, not high - low);
• if the adverb is formed from a pronoun (nowhere, nowhere, no time, nowhere);

Apart:

• when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not bad, but good, not weak, but strong);
• when strengthening negation with explanatory words such as “not at all”, “not at all”, “not at all”(not at all difficult to do, being nearby is far from accidental)
• with adverbs in a comparative degree (to work no worse than others, to receive no more than others);
• if the adverb is written with a hyphen (to act unfriendly, to dress unsuitably).

Note 1.“Not” with the following adverbs is written separately: not today, not at all, not like that, not otherwise, not quite, not here, not really.

Note 2."Not"

“is written separately with adverbial expressions: not good, not according to the gut, not in moderation, not in a hurry, not by hand, not to taste, not as an example.

6. With participles “not” is written together:

• if the participle is complete and there are no words dependent on it (undried laundry, an unturned book, an unwashed floor)

Note. With explanatory words denoting the degree of quality, “not” is written together with the participle: (an extremely rash decision, a completely inappropriate example, but: an example that is completely inappropriate to the rule)

apart:

• if the participle is complete and has dependent words (These works remained unpublished during the writer’s lifetime);
• with short participles (the debt is not paid, the fire is not lit);
• when there is or should be, in meaning, a contrast with the conjunction “a” (not printed, but handwritten text, not a fictional, but a real story).

7. The particles “not” and “nor” with negative pronouns are written together(there is no one to ask, there is nothing to be surprised at, no one is forgotten) with everyone else separately (not me, not everyone, neither me nor you).

8. The particle “ni” is also written together with some adverbs(not at all, not at all, nowhere, not at all).

With all other parts of speech, the particle “ni” is written separately.

Spelling NOT and NI with different parts of speech

Task formulation:

Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.

Seryozha, still (not) strong after his illness, sat down on the sofa.

Zakhar walked past, (not) turning his head in my direction.

The sun was (not) visible.

The moon, still (not) hidden by clouds, illuminated the plain.

The ditches glistened with water remaining after the (short) long July rains.

Answer: short

A comment:

In the first option, the answer is NOT written separately from the active past participle, since there is a dependent word: not strong (when?) after illness. In the second, it is NOT written separately from the gerund: what without doing? without turning. In the third sentence - NOT is written separately with the verb: was not. In the fourth example, NOT is written separately from the passive past participle, since there is a dependent word. Finally, in the fifth case, NOT is written together with the adjective name, since it can be replaced by a synonym without NOT: short rains = short; with it there is no opposition expressed by the conjunction A, and the words FAR NOT, NOT AT ALL, NOT AT ALL, NOT AT ALL, etc.

What you need to know to complete the task:

• rules for combined and separate spelling of particles NOT and NI with different parts of speech;
• cases of using particles NOT and NI.

First of all, let's remember:

NOT with any part of speech is written together if the word is not used without NOT: ignorant, adversity, ridiculous, homely, stormy, indignant, unwell, unwell, unable, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

NOT always written separately for words that contain a hyphen, for example: all non-commercial and industrial enterprises; it is not said in Russian; They don’t sing in the old way.

Integrated and separate spelling NOT with different parts of speech

1. It is necessary to distinguish between the combinations none (= no one) and not one (= many); not once (= never) and more than once (= often). Note:

In these examples, the intensifying particle NI is used only for negation (with a predicate there is always a particle NOT): Not a single muscle flinched on his face. - There is more than one path in the field.

I have never seen this man. - I have seen this man more than once.

1. It is necessary to distinguish the revolutions from none other than..., none other than...

no one else...: no one else...

1) If the phrase contains the word HOW, then it uses the particle NOT, which is written separately:

It was nothing more than a fire.

It was none other than your own brother.

2) If the phrase does not contain the word HOW, then it uses the particle NI, which is written together!

No one else could say it.

Nothing else could have scared me.

Using the particle NOT and the particle NI.