"Accounting in budgetary and non-profit organizations", 2013, N 2

In accordance with current legislation, educational institutions, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, must comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation.

Let's consider what sanitary and epidemiological requirements must be observed by educational institutions.

Let us note that sanitary and epidemiological requirements are established by regulatory legal acts, which are state sanitary and epidemiological rules (sanitary rules, sanitary rules and norms, sanitary standards, hygienic standards), containing:

• hygienic and anti-epidemic requirements to ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, the prevention of human diseases, favorable conditions for their residence, work, life, recreation, education and nutrition, as well as the preservation and strengthening of their health;
• optimal and maximum permissible levels of influence of environmental factors on the human body;
• the maximum or minimum acceptable quantitative and (or) qualitative value of an indicator characterizing from the standpoint of safety and (or) harmlessness to human health this or that factor of its habitat.

This is stated in paragraph 2 of the Regulations on state sanitary and epidemiological regulation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 N 554 (hereinafter referred to as Regulation N 554).

State sanitary and epidemiological rules, as stated in paragraph 3 of the said Regulation No. 554, establish uniform sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including for the conditions of education and training.

According to Art. 28 of the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" (hereinafter referred to as Law N 52-FZ), in preschool and other educational institutions, regardless of organizational and legal forms, measures must be taken to prevent diseases, preserve and strengthen health of students and pupils, including measures to organize their nutrition, and comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation.

Programs, methods and regimes for raising and teaching children are allowed for use in the presence of sanitary and epidemiological conclusions. The use of technical, audiovisual and other means of education and training, educational furniture, educational and other publishing products for children is carried out subject to their compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements.

On the basis of Law N 52-FZ, as well as on the basis of other regulations, the chief state sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation developed and approved:

• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of the educational and production process in primary educational institutions vocational education. SanPiN 2.4.3.1186-03 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2003 N 2);
• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. Hygienic requirements for the design, content, equipment and operating hours of specialized institutions for minors in need of social rehabilitation. SanPiN 2.4.1201-03 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the Russian Federation dated March 11, 2003 N 13);
• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children (out-of-school institutions). SanPiN 2.4.4.1251-03 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 04/03/2003 N 27) (hereinafter referred to as SanPiN 2.4.4.1251-03);
• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating hours of preschool educational institutions. SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2010 N 91) (hereinafter referred to as SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10);
• Sanitary rules. Hygienic requirements for the design, maintenance, organization of work in orphanages and boarding schools for orphans and children left without parental care SP 2.4.990-00 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated November 1, 2000) (hereinafter referred to as SP 2.4.990-00);
• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization of meals for students in general education institutions, primary and secondary vocational education institutions. SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated July 23, 2008 N 45) (hereinafter referred to as SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08);
• Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions. SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 N 189) (hereinafter referred to as SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10).

It should be noted that SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10, aimed at protecting the health of students when carrying out activities for their education and upbringing in educational institutions, defines sanitary and hygienic requirements for:

• placement of a general education institution;
• territory of a general education institution;
• building of a general education institution;
• equipping the premises of a general education institution;
• air-thermal conditions of educational institutions;
• natural and artificial lighting;
• water supply and sewerage;
• premises and equipment of educational institutions located in adapted buildings;
• mode of the educational process;
• organizing medical care for students;
• sanitary condition and maintenance of the educational institution;
• compliance with sanitary rules.

Let's consider the requirements for the location of a general education institution, the requirements for the territory and building of the specified institution.

Requirements for the placement of educational institutions. According to section II SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 provision of land plots for the construction of educational institutions is allowed if there is a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the land plot with sanitary rules.

Buildings of educational institutions should be located in a residential development zone, outside the sanitary protection zones of enterprises, structures and other facilities, sanitary gaps, garages, parking lots, highways, railway transport facilities, subways, and air transport takeoff and landing routes.

To provide regulatory levels insolation and natural lighting of premises and playgrounds, when placing buildings of educational institutions, sanitary gaps from residential and public buildings must be observed.

Trunk engineering communications for urban (rural) purposes - water supply, sewerage, heat supply, energy supply - should not pass through the territory of educational institutions.

Newly constructed buildings of general education institutions should be located on intra-block territories of residential microdistricts, remote from city streets and inter-block driveways at a distance that ensures levels of noise and air pollution that meet the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations.

When designing and constructing urban educational institutions, it is recommended to provide for pedestrian accessibility of institutions located:

• in construction and climatic zones II and III - no more than 0.5 km;
• in climatic region I (subzone I) for students of the I and II levels of education - no more than 0.3 km, for students of the III level of education - no more than 0.4 km;
• in climatic region I (subzone II) for students of the I and II levels of education - no more than 0.4 km, for students of the III level of education - no more than 0.5 km.

In rural areas, pedestrian accessibility for students of educational institutions:

• in climatic zones II and III for students of the first stage of education should be no more than 2.0 km;
• for students of the 2nd stage of education - no more than 4.0 km, in the 1st climatic zone - 1.5 km, for students of the 3rd stage of education - no more than 4.0 km, in the 1st climatic zone - 3 km.

Please note that for distances exceeding those specified for students in educational institutions located in rural areas, it is necessary to organize transport services to the educational institution and back. Travel time should not exceed 30 minutes. one way.

The transportation of students must be carried out by specially designated transport designed for transporting children.

The optimal pedestrian approach of students to the gathering place at the stop should be no more than 500 m. For rural areas, it is allowed to increase the radius of pedestrian accessibility to the stop to 1 km.

It is recommended for students living at a distance beyond the maximum permissible transport service, as well as in case of transport inaccessibility during periods of unfavorable weather conditions, to provide a boarding school at a general education institution.

Requirements for the territory of educational institutions. Based on Sec. III SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 the territory of a general education institution must be fenced and landscaped. Landscaping of the territory is provided at the rate of at least 50% of the area of ​​its territory. When locating the territory of a general education institution on the border with forests and gardens, it is allowed to reduce the area of ​​landscaping by 10%.

Trees must be planted at a distance of at least 15.0 m, and shrubs at least 5.0 m from the institution building. When landscaping the area, trees and shrubs with poisonous fruits should not be used in order to prevent the occurrence of poisoning among students.

Please note that it is allowed to reduce landscaping with trees and shrubs on the territories of educational institutions in the Far North, taking into account the special climatic conditions in these areas.

On the territory of a general education institution the following should be allocated:

• rest zone;
• physical education and sports area;
• economic zone.

It is allowed to allocate a training and experimental zone. Let us note that when organizing a training and experimental zone, the reduction of the physical education and sports zone and the recreation area should not be allowed.

It is recommended to place the physical education and sports area on the side of the gym. When placing a physical culture and sports zone on the side of the windows of educational premises, noise levels in educational premises should not exceed hygienic standards for premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas (Sanitary standards. SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96, approved by the Resolution of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 31, 1996 N 36 (hereinafter referred to as SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96)).

When constructing running tracks and sports grounds (volleyball, basketball, handball), it is necessary to provide drainage to prevent flooding by rainwater.

The equipment of the physical culture and sports area must ensure the implementation of the programs of the academic subject "Physical Culture", as well as the conduct of sectional sports classes and recreational activities.

Sports and playgrounds must have a hard surface, and a football field must have grass. Synthetic and polymer coatings must be frost-resistant, equipped with drains and must be made from materials that are harmless to the health of children.

Please note that classes should not be held on damp areas with uneven surfaces or potholes.

Physical education and sports equipment must correspond to the height and age of students.

To carry out the programs of the academic subject "Physical Education", it is allowed to use sports facilities (grounds, stadiums) located near the institution and equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design and maintenance of places of physical education and sports (Sanitary rules for the design and maintenance of places of exercise on physical culture and sports, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR on December 30, 1976 N 1567-76, as amended on October 31, 1996).

When designing and constructing educational institutions on the territory, it is necessary to provide a recreation area for organizing outdoor games and recreation for students attending extended day groups, as well as for implementing educational programs providing for outdoor activities.

The utility area should be located on the side of the entrance to the production premises of the canteen and should have its own entrance from the street. In the absence of heating and centralized water supply, a boiler room and a pumping room with a water tank must be provided on the territory of the economic zone.

To collect waste, a site must be equipped on the territory of the economic zone on which waste bins (containers) must be installed. The site must be located at a distance of at least 25.0 m from the entrance to the catering unit and the windows of classrooms and offices and be equipped with a waterproof hard covering, the dimensions of which must exceed the base area of ​​the containers by 1.0 m in all directions. Garbage containers must have tight-fitting lids.

Entrances and entrances to the territory, driveways, paths to outbuildings, to waste disposal sites must be covered with asphalt, concrete and other hard surface.

The territory of the institution must have external artificial lighting. In this case, the level of artificial illumination on the ground must be at least 10 lux.

The location of buildings and structures on the territory that are not functionally related to the educational institution is not permitted.

If there are preschool groups in a general educational institution that implement the basic general educational program of preschool education, a play area should be allocated on the territory, equipped in accordance with the requirements for the design, maintenance and organization of the operating mode of preschool organizations (SanPiN 2.4.1.2660-10).

Noise levels on the territory of a general education institution should not exceed hygienic standards for residential, public buildings and residential areas (SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96).

Building requirements. In accordance with section. IV SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 architectural and planning solutions for the building must ensure:

• allocation of classrooms to a separate block primary classes with exits to the site;
• location of recreational facilities in close proximity to educational premises;
• placement on the upper floors (above the third floor) of educational premises and offices visited by students in grades 8 - 11, administrative and utility rooms;
• eliminating the harmful effects of environmental factors in a general education institution on the life and health of students;
• placement of educational workshops, assembly and sports halls of educational institutions, their total area, as well as a set of premises for group work, depending on local conditions and capabilities of the educational institution, in compliance with the requirements of building codes and regulations and these sanitary rules.

Previously constructed buildings of educational institutions must be operated in accordance with the design.

Please note that the use of ground floors and basements for educational premises, offices, laboratories, educational workshops, premises is not allowed medical purposes, sports, dance and assembly halls.

The capacity of newly built or reconstructed educational institutions must be designed for training in only one shift.

Entrances to the building can be equipped with vestibules or air and air-thermal curtains, depending on the climatic zone and the estimated outside air temperature in accordance with the requirements of building codes and regulations.

When designing, constructing and reconstructing a building of a general education institution, cloakrooms must be placed on the ground floor with mandatory equipment for each class. Wardrobes should be equipped with clothes hangers and shoe storage.

In existing buildings for primary school students, it is possible to place a wardrobe in recreation areas, provided they are equipped with individual lockers.

In institutions located in rural areas with no more than 10 students in one class. It is allowed to arrange wardrobes (hangers or lockers) in educational premises, provided that the standard area of ​​educational premises per student is observed.

Students of primary general education schools must study in classrooms assigned to each class.

In newly constructed buildings of general education institutions, it is recommended that classrooms for primary grades be allocated in a separate block (building) and grouped into educational sections. At the same time, in the educational sections (blocks) for students in grades 1 - 4 there should be located: educational premises with recreation, playrooms for extended day groups (at the rate of at least 2.5 sq. m per student), toilets.

For 1st grade students attending extended day groups, sleeping quarters with an area of ​​at least 4.0 square meters must be provided. m for one child.

For students of the II - III levels of education, it is allowed to organize the educational process according to the classroom-office system.

If it is impossible to ensure that classroom furniture in classrooms and laboratories matches the height and age characteristics of students, it is not recommended to use a classroom teaching system.

In general education institutions located in rural areas, with small class sizes, the use of classrooms in two or more disciplines is allowed.

The area of ​​classrooms should be taken without taking into account the area required for arranging additional furniture (cabinets, cabinets, etc.) for storing teaching aids and equipment used in the educational process, based on:

• not less than 2.5 sq. m per 1 student with frontal forms of classes;
• not less than 3.5 sq. m per 1 student when organizing group forms work and individual studies.

In newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of general education institutions, the height of classrooms must be at least 3.6 square meters. m.

The estimated number of students in classes should be determined based on the calculation of the area per student and the arrangement of furniture in accordance with Section. V SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10.

Laboratory assistants must be equipped in chemistry, physics, and biology classrooms.

The area of ​​computer science classrooms and other classrooms where they are used personal computers, must comply with the hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and work organization (Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03, approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/03/2003 N 118).

The set and area of ​​premises for extracurricular activities, club activities and sections must comply with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for institutions of additional education for children (SanPiN 2.4.4.1251-03).

When placing a gym on the second floor and above, sound and vibration insulation measures must be taken.

Gyms in existing general education institutions should have gyms and locker rooms for boys and girls. It is recommended to equip gyms with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.

In newly constructed buildings of general education institutions, gyms should be equipped with:

• projectile;
• premises for storing cleaning equipment and preparing disinfectant and cleaning solutions with an area of ​​at least 4.0 square meters. m;
• Separate dressing rooms for boys and girls with an area of ​​at least 14.0 square meters. m each;
• separate showers for boys and girls with an area of ​​at least 12 square meters. m each;
• separate toilets for boys and girls with an area of ​​at least 8.0 square meters. m each.

Toilets or locker rooms must have sinks for hand washing.

When constructing swimming pools in educational institutions, planning solutions and their operation must meet the hygienic requirements for the design, operation of swimming pools and water quality (Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. SanPiN 2.1.2.1188-03, approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Inspector of the Russian Federation dated January 30, 2003 N 4).

In general educational institutions, it is necessary to provide a set of premises for organizing meals for students in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizing meals for students in general educational institutions, primary and secondary vocational education institutions (SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08).

During the construction and reconstruction of buildings of general education institutions, it is recommended to provide an assembly hall, the dimensions of which are determined by the number of seats based on 0.65 square meters. m for one place.

The type of library depends on the type of educational institution and its capacity. In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, gymnasiums and lyceums, the library should be used as a reference information center educational institution.

The area of ​​the library (information center) must be taken at a rate of at least 0.6 square meters. m per student.

When equipping information centers computer equipment Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and work organization must be observed (SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03).

Recreation facilities for educational institutions must be provided at a rate of at least 0.6 square meters. m per student.

The width of recreation with one-sided arrangement of classes must be at least 4.0 m, with two-sided arrangement of classes - at least 6.0 m.

In existing buildings of general education institutions for medical care of students, medical premises should be provided on the ground floor of the building, located in a single block: a doctor’s office with an area of ​​at least 14.0 square meters. m and a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the hearing and visual acuity of students) and a treatment (vaccination) room with an area of ​​at least 14.0 sq. m.

In educational institutions located in rural areas, it is allowed to organize medical care in paramedic and obstetric centers and outpatient clinics.

For newly constructed and reconstructed buildings of general education institutions, the following premises for medical care must be equipped:

• a doctor’s office with a length of at least 7.0 m (to determine the hearing and visual acuity of students), with an area of ​​at least 21.0 sq. m;
• treatment and vaccination rooms with an area of ​​at least 14.0 square meters. m each;
• a room for preparing disinfectant solutions and storing cleaning equipment intended for medical premises, with an area of ​​at least 4.0 square meters. m;
• toilet.

When equipping a dental office, its area must be at least 12.0 square meters. m.

Please note that all medical premises must be grouped in one block and located on the ground floor of the building.

At the same time, the doctor’s office, treatment room, vaccination and dental rooms must be equipped in accordance with the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities (Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for organizations engaged in medical activities. SanPiN 2.1.3.2630-10, approved by the Decree of the Main State sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation dated May 18, 2010 N 58).

The vaccination room must be equipped in accordance with the requirements for organizing immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases (Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules. SP 3.3.2367-08, approved by Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 06/04/2008 N 34).

For children in need of psychological and pedagogical assistance, general education institutions should provide separate rooms for a teacher-psychologist and a speech therapist with an area of ​​at least 10 square meters. m each.

Toilets for boys and girls, equipped with stalls with doors, should be located on each floor. The number of sanitary fixtures is determined as follows: one toilet for 20 girls, one washbasin for 30 girls, one toilet, one urinal and one washbasin for 30 boys. The area of ​​sanitary facilities for boys and girls should be taken at a rate of at least 0.1 square meters. m per student.

A separate bathroom must be allocated for staff at the rate of one toilet per 20 people.

In previously constructed buildings of general education institutions, the number of sanitary units and sanitary fixtures is allowed in accordance with the design solution.

In newly constructed buildings of educational institutions, on each floor there should be a room for storing and processing cleaning equipment, preparing disinfection solutions, equipped with a tray and a supply of cold and hot water to it. In previously constructed buildings of general education institutions, a separate place must be allocated for storing all cleaning equipment (except for equipment intended for cleaning catering and medical premises), which is equipped with a cabinet.

The ceilings and walls of all rooms must be smooth, without cracks, cracks, deformations, or signs of fungal infection and can be cleaned using a wet method using disinfectants. It is allowed in educational premises, offices, recreational areas and other premises to install suspended ceilings from materials approved for use in educational institutions, provided that the height of the premises is maintained at least 2.75 m, and in newly built ones - at least 3.6 m.

Floors in classrooms, classrooms and recreation areas should have plank, parquet, tile or linoleum coverings. If using a tiled coating, the surface of the tile should be matte and rough, non-slip. It is recommended to lay the floors of toilets and washrooms with ceramic tiles.

Floors in all rooms must be free of cracks, defects and mechanical damage.

The structure of a general education institution as a structural unit may include a boarding school at a general education institution, if the general education institution is located above the maximum permissible transport service.

The building of a boarding school at a general education institution can be separate, as well as be part of the main building of a general education institution, separating it into an independent block with a separate entrance.

The premises of a boarding school at a general education institution should include:

• sleeping quarters separately for boys and girls with an area of ​​at least 4.0 square meters. m per person;
• self-study rooms with an area of ​​at least 2.5 square meters. m per person;
• rest rooms and psychological relief;
• washrooms (one sink for 10 people), toilets (one toilet for 10 girls, one toilet and one urinal for 20 boys, each toilet has one sink for washing hands), showers (one shower net for 20 people), hygiene room;
• rooms for drying clothes and shoes;
• rooms for washing and ironing personal belongings;
• storage room for personal belongings;
• premises for medical care: doctor’s office and isolation ward;
• administrative and utility premises.

Equipment, decoration of premises and their maintenance must comply with the hygienic requirements for the design, maintenance, and organization of work in orphanages and boarding schools for orphans and children without parental care (SP 2.4.990-00).

For a newly built boarding school at a general education institution, the main building of the general education institution and the boarding school building must be connected by a warm passage.

Noise levels in the premises of a general education institution should not exceed hygienic standards for the premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas (SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96).

Please note that in case of violation of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions of education and training, for technical, including audiovisual, and other means of education and training, educational furniture, as well as for textbooks and other publishing products, officials and legal entities may be subject to administrative liability on the basis of Art. 6.7 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (hereinafter referred to as the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

Let us recall that according to this article, when the above violations are established, a fine in the amount of 3,000 to 7,000 rubles is collected from officials, and from 30 to 70 thousand rubles from legal entities. In case of repeated violation of sanitary and epidemiological requirements within a year, a fine in the amount of 10 to 15 thousand rubles is collected from officials, and from 100 to 150 thousand rubles from legal entities. or administrative suspension of activities for up to 90 days.

However, it is possible to bring an official to administrative liability only if an administrative offense was committed by him in connection with failure to perform or improper performance of his official duties. This is stated in Art. 2.4 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

To attract legal entity to administrative liability, as established in paragraph 2 of Art. 2.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, it is necessary that the specified person has the opportunity to comply with the rules and regulations for the violation of which the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation or the laws of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation provides for administrative liability, but he has not taken all measures depending on him to comply with them.

Thus, if a general education institution violated the sanitary and epidemiological requirements established by SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10, but at the same time it took all measures within its power to comply with them, then it will be quite difficult to bring this institution to administrative responsibility. This conclusion is also confirmed by arbitration practice, in particular, by the Resolution of the Federal Arbitration Court of the Volga District dated October 6, 2009 in case No. A55-9175/2009.

Bibliography

1. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences: the federal law dated December 30, 2001 N 195-FZ.
2. On the implementation of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03: Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor Russian Federation dated 03.06.2003 N 118.
3. On the entry into force of SanPiN 2.1.2.1188-03: Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 30, 2003 N 4.
4. On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population: Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ.
5. On approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 N 554.

V.V. Semenikhin

Supervisor

"Expert Bureau Semenikhin"

STATE SYSTEM OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
STANDARDS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL SANITARY RULES, STANDARDS
AND HYGIENIC STANDARDS

2.4.2. SCHOOLINSTITUTIONS

HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS
ON THE CONDITIONS OF TEACHING SCHOOLCHILDREN
IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODERN
GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.4.2.576-96

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF RUSSIA

PREFACE

LAW OF THE RSFSR
"ABOUT SANITARY-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL
WELFARE OF THE POPULATION"

Sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards (hereinafter referred to as sanitary rules) - regulations, establishing criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness for a person of environmental factors of his life. Sanitary rules are mandatory for compliance by all government bodies and public associations, enterprises or other economic entities, organizations and institutions, regardless of their subordination and forms of ownership, officials and citizens (Article 3). Sanitary offenses are recognized as an unlawful, guilty (intentional or careless) act (action or inaction) that encroaches on the rights of citizens and the interests of society, associated with non-compliance with the sanitary legislation of the RSFSR, including the current sanitary rules... Officials and citizens of the RSFSR who committed a sanitary offense , may be subject to disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability (Article 27).

Approved

Resolution

State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia

SanPiN 2.4.2.576-96.

2.4.2 SCHOOL INSTITUTIONS

HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR STUDYING CONDITIONS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN IN VARIOUS TYPES OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONDITIONS OF SCHOOLCHILDREN’S STUDY IN DIFFERENT KINDS OF MODERN GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.4.2.576-96

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONDITIONS AND ORGANIZATION OF TEACHING SCHOOLCHILDREN IN VARIOUS TYPES OF GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

2.1. Requirements for the placement of educational institutions

2.2. Requirements for the site of general education institutions

2.3. Requirements for a school building

2.4. Requirements for premises equipment

Table 1

DIMENSIONS OF FURNITURE AND ITS MARKING ACCORDING TO GOST STUDENTS' TABLES AND STUDENTS' CHAIRS

2.5. Requirements for air-thermal conditions

table 2

DURATION OF THROUGH VENTILATION OF EDUCATIONAL ROOMS DEPENDING ON OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE

2.6. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting

2.7. Requirements for water supply and sewerage

2.8. Requirements for premises and equipment of schools located in an adapted building

2.9. Requirements for organizing the educational process

Table 3

THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF HOURS PER WEEK FOR DIFFERENT DURATIONS.

Table 4

DURATION OF CONTINUOUS USE OF VARIOUS TECHNICAL TRAINING TOOLS IN LESSONS

2.10. Requirements for organizing medical care for students

2.11. Requirements for the sanitary condition and maintenance of educational institutions

2.12. Requirements for organizing meals for students in general education institutions

ANNEX 1

(Required)

SAMPLE LIST OF EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS FOR A SCHOOL MEDICAL OFFICE

SET OF EXERCISES FOR PHYSICAL MINUTES (FM)

A COMPLEX OF GYMNASTICS EXERCISES FOR THE EYES

APPROXIMATE VOLUME OF MOTOR ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS

SAMPLE SCHEME OF THREE COMBINED CLASS STAFFING IN A SMALL SCHOOL

Note: the duration of combined lessons is reduced to 40 minutes, the last lessons - to 35 minutes. In 1st grade, the duration of lessons is 30 minutes in the first half of the year, and 35 minutes in the second half of the year. The second break (20 min.) is used to feed the children, the third (20 min.) is used for playing in the fresh air. In option 2, in the first grade, after lesson 3, there is a 2.5-hour break, during which lunch, sleep, and games are organized. In conditions of complete combination, lessons in physical education, labor, singing, and drawing are conducted.

HYGIENIC REQUIREMENTS FOR LESSON SCHEDULES

APPENDIX 7

(Required)

Extract from the Order

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

No. 186/272 dated June 30, 1992

REGULATIONS ON PREVENTIVE INSPECTIONS OF CHILDREN ATTENDING GENERAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

APPENDIX 8

(Required)

SANITARY AND DISINFECTION REGIME IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING THE QUARANTINE PERIOD

NORMATIVE REFERENCES

In order to ensure the safety of an employee during the performance of his professional duties, sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules are being developed at the state level. Similar requirements apply manufacturing enterprises, medical structures, including dental clinics, child care facilities, etc.

The requirements apply not only to heads of organizations, but also to private entrepreneurs and even ordinary citizens. Failure to comply with legal requirements can lead to various types of liability. This may be a warning or the imposition of penalties depending on the violation committed.

Dear readers! The article talks about typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is individual. If you want to know how solve exactly your problem- contact a consultant:

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The purpose of introducing SanPin rules is to protect human health and protect environment from exposure to harmful factors. Special bodies monitor whether the instructions are being followed: Rospotrebnadzor, local authorities, as well as the prosecutor’s office. Every person has the right to complain to the appropriate structure if he notices any kind of violation or deviation from the implementation of established rules.

What it is

There is a huge number of legislative acts whose purpose is to protect human rights. Among them are sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules, abbreviated as SanPin, designed to protect nature and people from infections, contamination, and other negative factors. Sanitary standards include various rules, compliance with which ensures the safety of humans and the environment.

Not only companies that produce various products must comply with the current rules, but also other organizations, as well as ordinary citizens, since this is provided for by Russian laws. Otherwise, various penalties and compensation payments may be imposed.

SanPiN for 2019 ensure safety during the operation of enterprises.

Compliance with legislative requirements is monitored by special regulatory bodies, which during the inspection put forward the following requirements to the organization’s management:

• ensuring production safety;
• control over the effective activities of an enterprise that emits harmful substances into the environment;
• control over air and drinking water quality;
• ensuring product safety;
• compliance with the standards of organization of work and placement of medical and educational institutions.

SanPin is a broader list, since many other standards have been adopted that are relevant to areas of human life. Rules are developed for different cases that may pose a danger specifically to humans or nature as a whole.

Changes in current SanPin for 2019

On January 1, 2019, SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 came into force, which concerns the requirements put forward in the workplace for physical factors; as a result, documents that related to electromagnetic fields in production conditions and hygienic requirements for computers and the organization of the work process have become invalid ( SanPin 2.2/2.4.1340-03).

New rules regulate the microclimate in industrial premises. For example, when the outside temperature is below 10 degrees, the optimal air temperature for work with low energy consumption is 22-24 degrees.

For work that requires the greatest energy consumption, only 16-18 is recommended. The same document provides the permissible standards for thermal radiation to which a person’s body is exposed from industrial sources heated to a maximum of 600 degrees.

Other sections of the adopted SanPin are devoted to noise level, vibration frequency, magnetic and electric fields, etc.

The applications contain requirements that apply to:

• workplace lighting;
• selection of clothes and shoes;
• use of personal protective equipment;
• recommended duration of operation at a certain air temperature, etc.

When to apply

SanPiN for 2019 must be complied with by citizens who are members of labor relations, private entrepreneurs, as well as legal entities. This means that the modified rules must be used in most workplaces, including offices. SanPin requirements do not apply to workers who perform emergency rescue operations or combat missions, including divers, astronauts and some others.

From the beginning of 2019, employers must be guided by the new rules and review the compliance of the existing working conditions of their staff with the new safety standards. In case of deviation from the norms of physical factors present in the workplace, the employer must bring them to the values ​​​​established by law.

If this is not done, as a result of an inspection carried out by Rospotrebnadzor, the head of the company will be held accountable.

Liability for non-compliance

SanPin are state standards that apply to the field of labor protection. Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Russia establishes liability for non-compliance. In case of violation of the requirements, including the new SanPin, a warning may be issued or administrative penalties may be imposed.

The fine is imposed in the following amount:

• if these are officials, they face from 2 thousand to 5 thousand rubles;
• if we are talking about individual entrepreneur, the fine amount is similar;
• a legal entity will pay from 50 thousand to 80 thousand rubles.

The Code of Administrative Offenses also contains Article 6.3, which provides for liability for failure to comply with sanitary rules.

A warning or an administrative fine in the amount of:

New requirements for workplaces

In order to maintain labor productivity at the proper level, the employer must comply with a number of sanitary requirements (SanPin 2.2.4.548) that apply to workplaces.

They are installed separately for different indicators:

• rooms containing computer equipment must have both natural and artificial lighting;
• The following requirements are put forward for work furniture: comfort in use and freedom of movement around the room;
• in rooms containing office equipment, including computers, the temperature should be about 23 degrees, air humidity from 40 to 60%;
• to prevent hearing impairment, the noise should be in the range from 50 to 8 dBA (the level can be reduced by installing suspended ceilings, using special materials, placing curtains of thick fabric on the windows);
• requirements for electrical safety: installation of insulation, automatic shutdown of devices (it is advisable to use sensors that analyze the composition of oxygen).

The new SanPin contains requirements for the intensity of thermal radiation and standards for the required area per employee, as well as medical requirements: passing medical examinations, a ban on working with a PC for some categories, etc.

The updated SanPin is general for all workplaces, however, personal standards may be adopted for certain types of activities.

Features for kindergarten

SanPin for kindergartens indicates the requirements for recruiting groups, creating the microclimate of the premises, lighting, etc.

Certain requirements are put forward to children. For example, the age of children admitted to a preschool institution is from 2 to 7 years. The number of children in the group depends on the size of the room: for each child under 3 years old there should be at least 2.5 square meters, the norm for children from 3 to 7 years old is 2 meters.

SanPin includes certain rules for children's daily routine. Babies from 3 to 7 years old can stay awake for up to 6 hours. Children should be outdoors twice a day for a total of 3 to 4 hours. Daytime sleep is 2.5 hours, total sleep duration is 12 hours per day.

For 4 hours a day, children are engaged in independent activities; this time is devoted to preparing for school, they play, and take care of personal hygiene. The following exercises are regular: physical education, rhythmics, gymnastics, outdoor games, swimming. Physical activity for children from 5 to 7 years old should be 8 hours a week. Hardening measures are mandatory.

One of the main ones is hygiene requirements. Treatment of premises should be carried out when children are absent. When ventilating rooms, the presence of heating and air temperature are taken into account. The absence of drafts is mandatory.

Kindergarten staff must wash toys daily. If we are talking about the younger group, this procedure is carried out twice a day. In this case, it is mandatory to use safe detergents. Bed linen should be changed every week.

For medical institutions

There is no law in the Russian Federation providing for the destruction of medical waste. This can negatively affect the environment, so a document has been developed containing a procedure that is aimed at recycling waste. They should be collected, disinfected, hermetically sealed and transported to the disposal site.

Compliance with sanitary standards is monitored by relevant structures that constantly inspect medical institutions. If the patient detects any violations, he has the right to file a complaint with the sanitary control center.

What basic standards are established for medical structures:

• The rooms in which radiation therapy is carried out cannot be walk-through;
• the ward must be equipped with night lights;
• the noise level should not exceed the level established for residential premises;
• equipment, instruments and premises should be kept clean;
• the rooms in which patients are located must be provided with natural light, except for massage compartments, laboratory rooms, and disinfection departments;
• Disinfectants must be stored in original manufacturer packaging.

Medical workers should systematically carry out such measures as wet cleaning of walls and other surfaces, cosmetic repairs should be carried out as necessary, and bins must be kept clean.

General rules for medical personnel:

• Upon arrival at the workplace and upon completion of work, the employee must do a wet cleaning, including washing the walls;
• employees must promptly identify defects in their offices and other areas of the building in order to carry out repairs;
• bins intended for personal hygiene items or medical waste should be systematically cleaned;
• special requirements apply to the sterility of the hands of healthcare workers; cleanliness of hands is the key to preventing the infection from spreading.

Compliance with SanPin in medical structures makes it possible to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases among the general population.

For school

At the beginning of 2019, changes were made to SanPin for the school.

The changes affected the requirements for premises and equipment:

• on school grounds there must be parking spaces for vehicles transporting students;
• if the school consists of several buildings, they must be connected to each other and equipped with a heating system;
• It is not allowed to install outdoor toilets for students if there is no centralized sewage system (in this case, internal sewerage should be provided).

School catering must also meet certain requirements:

• free access to water supply;
• drinking water and food must undergo quality control;
• Canteen workers must undergo testing twice a year medical checkup etc.

Specifics of the educational process:

• the number of students depends on the area available for each child;
• the document determines the number of lessons for each age group, thus, the lesson schedule must be drawn up in accordance with the standards (for example, for the first grade there should be no more than four lessons daily, by the last grade there may be 7-8);
• the school year for first-graders may include additional holidays;
• Teachers must undergo retraining every two years and then certification.

What is SanPiN? Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations - SanPiN - cover a huge sphere of influence. Their requirements must be taken into account when developing SNiP, technical and regulatory documentation and coordinated with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of Russia. These rules are mandatory for compliance by all government agencies, enterprises, officials and citizens. Sanitary norms and rules impose serious requirements for ensuring human living conditions and establish a standard for the safety of environmental factors.

SanPiN requirements apply to existing production facilities and to the design and operation of buildings and enterprises under construction. The sanitary protection zone is an element of any institution or facility. There are also requirements for objects that release harmful substances into the environment and sources of increased emissions of noise, electromagnetic waves, infrasound, and static electricity.

Sanitary rules establish requirements for the quality of consumed water and water supply sources; to the placement and operation of medical institutions; ensuring the quality of atmospheric air near populated areas; conditions of training in general education institutions; hygienic requirements for food safety and nutritional value.

The range of activities of SanPin is huge and special standards have been developed for each area of ​​activity. Ignorance or failure to comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements entails administrative punishment in the form of a fine.

Let's consider the basic requirements imposed by SanPiN on educational institutions, which are directly related to protecting the health of students.

1. Requirements for premises and equipment of educational institutions.

The number of workplaces for students should not exceed the capacity of the educational institution provided for by the project for which the building was built (reconstructed).

Each student is provided with a workplace (at a desk or table, game modules and others) in accordance with his height.

Depending on the purpose of classrooms, various types of student furniture can be used: school desks, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables complete with chairs, desks and others. Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Student furniture must be made from materials that are harmless to the health of children and meet the height and age characteristics of children and ergonomic requirements.

The main type of student furniture for students of the first stage of education should be a school desk, equipped with a tilt regulator for the surface of the working plane. When learning to write and read, the inclination of the working surface of the school desk plane should be 7–15º. The front edge of the seat surface should extend beyond the front edge of the working plane of the desk by 4 cm for desks number 1, by 5–6 cm for desks number 2 and 3, and by 7–8 cm for desks number 4.

The dimensions of educational furniture, depending on the height of students, must correspond to the values ​​​​given (Appendix 1).

To select educational furniture according to the height of students, its color marking is made, which is applied to the visible side outer surface of the table and chair in the form of a circle or stripes.

Desks (tables) are arranged in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the board, larger ones are further away. For children with hearing impairment, desks should be placed in the first row.

Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, sore throats, and colds should be seated further from the outer wall.

At least twice during the academic year, students sitting in the outer rows, rows 1 and 3 (with a three-row arrangement of desks), are changed places without disturbing the furniture’s suitability for their height.

In order to prevent postural disorders, it is necessary to instill correct working posture in students from the first days of attending classes.

2. Requirements for air-thermal conditions.

Buildings of educational institutions are equipped with centralized heating and ventilation systems, which must comply with the standards for the design and construction of residential and public buildings and ensure optimal parameters of the microclimate and air environment.

Steam heating is not used in institutions.

When installing heating device enclosures, the materials used must be harmless to the health of children.

Fences made of particle boards and other polymer materials are not allowed.

The use of portable heating devices, as well as heaters with infrared radiation, is not allowed.

The air temperature, depending on the climatic conditions in classrooms and offices, psychologist and speech therapist offices, laboratories, assembly hall, dining room, recreation, library, lobby, wardrobe should be 18 - 24 ° C; in the gym and rooms for sectional classes, workshops - 17-20°C; bedroom, playrooms, premises of preschool education departments and boarding schools, - 20-24°C; medical offices, changing rooms of the gym - 20-22°C, showers - 25°C.

To control the temperature regime, classrooms and classrooms must be equipped with household thermometers.

During non-school hours, in the absence of children, the temperature in the premises of a general education institution must be maintained at least 15 °C.

Educational areas are ventilated during breaks, and recreational areas during lessons. Before classes start and after they end, it is necessary to carry out cross-ventilation of classrooms. The duration of through ventilation is determined by weather conditions, wind direction and speed, and the efficiency of the heating system. Recommended duration of through ventilation. (Appendix 2).

3. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

Daylight.

All educational premises must have natural lighting in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

Without natural lighting it is allowed to design: squat rooms, washrooms, showers, toilets in the gymnasium; showers and toilets for staff; storerooms and warehouses, radio centers; film and photo laboratories; book depositories; boiler rooms, pumping water supply and sewerage systems; ventilation and air conditioning chambers; control units and other premises for installation and management of engineering and technological equipment of buildings; premises for storing disinfectants.

In classrooms, natural left-side lighting should be designed. When the depth of classrooms is more than 6 m, it is necessary to install right-side lighting, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.

The direction of the main light flux in front and behind the students is not allowed.

Artificial lighting.

In all premises of a general education institution, levels of artificial illumination are provided in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial, and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

In classrooms, the general lighting system is provided by ceiling lamps. Fluorescent lighting is provided using lamps according to the color spectrum: white, warm white, natural white.

Lamps and floor lamps used for artificial lighting of classrooms must provide a favorable distribution of brightness in the field of view, which is limited by the discomfort indicator (Mt). The discomfort index of a general lighting lighting installation for any workplace in a classroom should not exceed 40 units.

Fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps should not be used in the same room for general lighting.

4. Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process.

The optimal age for starting school is no earlier than 7 years. Children aged 8 or 7 years of age are accepted into 1st grade. Admission of children in the 7th year of life is carried out when they reach the age of at least 6 years 6 months by September 1 of the school year.

The class size, with the exception of compensatory training classes, should not exceed 25 people. (20 in rural areas)

Education of children under 6 years 6 months at the beginning of the school year should be carried out in a preschool educational institution or in a general education institution in compliance with all hygienic requirements for the conditions and organization of the educational process for preschool children.

To prevent overwork of students, it is recommended to provide for an even distribution of periods of study time and vacations in the annual calendar curriculum.

Classes should begin no earlier than 8 o'clock. Conducting zero lessons is not allowed.

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.

In institutions operating in two shifts, training of 1st, 5th, final 9th ​​and 11th grades and compensatory education classes should be organized in the first shift.

Studying in 3 shifts in general education institutions is not allowed.

The number of hours allocated for students to master the curriculum of a general education institution, consisting of a compulsory part and a part formed by participants in the educational process, should not in total exceed the value of the weekly educational load.

The amount of weekly educational load (number of training sessions), implemented through classroom and extracurricular activities, is determined in accordance with Table 3.

The educational weekly load must be evenly distributed during the school week, while the volume of the maximum permissible load during the day should be:

for 1st grade students - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day a week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

for students in grades 2-4 - no more than 5 lessons, and once a week 6 lessons due to a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;

for students in grades 5-6 – no more than 6 lessons;

for students in grades 7-11 - no more than 7 lessons.

The lesson schedule is compiled separately for compulsory and elective classes. Optional classes should be scheduled on days with the fewest required classes. It is recommended to take a break of at least 45 minutes between the start of extracurricular activities and the last lesson.

The lesson schedule is drawn up taking into account the daily and weekly mental performance of students and the scale of difficulty of academic subjects.

When drawing up a lesson schedule, you should alternate subjects of varying complexity throughout the day and week: for students of the first stage of education, basic subjects (mathematics, Russian and foreign languages, natural history, computer science) should be alternated with lessons in music, fine arts, labor, physical education; For students of the 2nd and 3rd stages of education, subjects of natural and mathematical profiles should be alternated with humanitarian subjects.

For 1st grade students, the most difficult subjects should be taught in 2nd lesson; 2-4 grades - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 in lessons 2-4.

In primary grades, double lessons are not conducted.

There should not be more than one test during the school day. Tests are recommended to be carried out in 2-4 lessons.

The duration of a lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of grade 1, in which the duration is regulated by clause 10.10. of these sanitary rules, and a compensatory class, the duration of the lesson in which should not exceed 40 minutes.

The density of students' educational work in lessons in core subjects should be 60-80%.

Training in 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

training sessions are conducted over a 5-day school week and only during the first shift;

use of a “stepped” teaching mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day of 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;

For those attending an extended day group, it is necessary to organize daytime sleep (at least 1 hour), 3 meals a day and walks;

training is carried out without scoring students’ knowledge and homework;

additional week-long holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of education.

To prevent overwork and maintain an optimal level of performance during the week, students should have a light school day on Thursday or Friday.

The duration of breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, a long break (after 2 or 3 lessons) is 20-30 minutes. Instead of one big break, after 2 and 3 lessons it is allowed to have two breaks of 20 minutes each.

It is recommended to organize recess outdoors. For this purpose, when conducting a daily dynamic break, it is recommended to increase the duration of the long break to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are allocated to organizing motor-active activities of students on the institution’s sports ground, in the gym or in recreation.

The break between shifts should be at least 30 minutes for wet cleaning of the premises and their ventilation; in case of an unfavorable epidemiological situation for disinfection treatment, the break is increased to 60 minutes.

In order to prevent fatigue, impaired posture and vision of students, physical education and eye exercises should be carried out during lessons. (Appendix 3)

It is necessary to alternate different types of learning activities during the lesson (with the exception of tests). The average continuous duration of various types of educational activities of students (reading from paper, writing, listening, questioning, etc.) in grades 1-4 should not exceed 7-10 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10-15 minutes. The distance from the eyes to a notebook or book should be at least 25-35 cm for students in grades 1-4 and at least 30-45 cm for students in grades 5-11.

The physical activity of students, in addition to physical education lessons, in the educational process can be ensured through:

organized outdoor games during breaks;

sports hour for children attending an extended day group;

extracurricular sports activities and competitions, school-wide sports events, health days,

independent physical education classes in sections and clubs.

Sports activities in physical education classes, competitions, extracurricular sports activities, during a dynamic or sports hour must correspond to the age, health and physical fitness of students, as well as weather conditions (if they are organized outdoors).

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Download SanPiN 2.4.4.3172-14 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating hours of educational institutions of additional education for children

Update date: 08/10/2017

SanPiN 2.4.4.3172-14

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating hours of educational institutions of additional education for children

II. Requirements for the location of an additional education organization and its territory

III. Requirements for the building of an additional education organization

IV. Requirements for water supply and sewerage

V. Requirements for natural and artificial lighting

VI. Requirements for heating, ventilation and air-thermal conditions

VII. Requirements for premises for various classes and their equipment

VIII. Requirements for organizing the educational process

IX. Requirements for catering and drinking regime

X. Requirements for the sanitary condition and maintenance of the territory and premises

XI. Requirements for compliance with sanitary rules

Appendix 2. Air exchange in the main premises of additional education organizations

Department of Rospotrebnadzor for the Perm Territory

Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Krasnodar Territory

Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Omsk region

Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Moscow region

Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Stavropol Territory

Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Altai Territory

Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Bryansk region

GBOU DPO RMAPO Ministry of Health of Russia

Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific Center for Children's Health

GBOU VPO First Moscow State Medical University named after. THEM. Sechenov Ministry of Health of Russia

FBUN Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor

GBOU VPO Omsk State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia

FBUZ TsGiE in the Tula region

Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology Rospotrebnadzor

SanPiN for institutions of further education

The requirements established by SanPiN for additional education of children apply to all educational institutions, regardless of whether they are public or private. All organizations and institutions providing out-of-school education are required to follow them: centers, clubs, studios, children's art centers, etc.

Therefore, it is recommended that all owners of institutions download the latest version of the SanPiN on additional education and familiarize themselves with it.

SanPiN standards relating to premises

One of the main issues that SanPiN regulates is the quality of the premises where children study. Rospotrebnadzor introduced several prohibitions and recommendations at once:

• A ban on placing preschool educational institutions in conditions unsuitable for normal learning: in basements, buildings without central heating, ventilation and windows.
• It is mandatory to have a washbasin with warm water; for sports or dance clubs or sections - a full shower. There must be at least one source of water for every ten people.
• A ban on the location of public education buildings near highways or railways, near landfills, areas of abandoned buildings and other places that are theoretically dangerous for students.
• Using the right colors in the design. It is recommended to use cool tones in the decoration of rooms only if their windows are oriented to the south. If the windows face north, you should give preference to yellowish warm shades.
• Prohibition of using one locker room for both sexes. Girls and boys must now have separate changing rooms before rehearsals or sports.
• The room must be connected to a cold and hot water supply system and equipped with a sewerage system.

The old SanPiN norms for additional education institutions remain relevant: the premises where children are taught are prohibited from being located next to industrial facilities, construction sites, etc. For safety, the territory of the institution must be fenced. The access of light to the room should not be blocked by too high a fence or green spaces.

The medical office should always be located on the lower floor of the institution, and rooms for children of preschool or primary school age - on the first and second.

Norms of the educational process

SanPiN requirements in additional education also affect the learning process itself:

• Classes must be held during the daytime (starting no earlier than 8 am and ending no later than 8 pm). For persons over 16 years of age, training is allowed until 21.00.
• Training can be conducted in individual or group format.
• The duration of extracurricular activities on school days is three academic hours, on weekends and during vacations - four.
• After 30-45 minutes of working with theory, ten-minute breaks should be taken.

According to the SanPiN standards for additional education from 2015, the owners of organizations have the right to independently set the duration of classes and breaks between them, determine the volume of classroom workload and the number of academic hours. This is good news for leaders of art clubs and sports sections, because 45 minutes for one lesson is sometimes not enough.

What are the requirements for DOD employees?

Since employees of additional education institutions deal with children, the requirements for them are quite strict:

• Availability of a medical book with all the results of laboratory tests, notes on sufficient sanitary and hygienic training and a doctor’s conclusion on permission to work.
• Mandatory medical examinations in accordance with the established procedure.
• Availability of appropriate vaccinations.
• Hygiene training upon entry to work and thereafter at least once every two years.

SanPiN standards for additional education, which previously required the presence of a medical employee in the institution, have been adjusted. Now the presence of a person with medical education on the staff is not necessary. For sports sections, this is rather a minus, since the issue of regular medical examinations in organizations without doctors will now need to be dealt with separately.

Additional issues raised in the regulatory document

An important point is working with children with disabilities. Subsidiary institutions are obliged to pay special attention to them, while complying with SanPiN standards. According to the law, additional education should be equally accessible and of high quality for everyone.

Read also: The essential terms of the contract under Federal Law 44 are:

Also, the 2015 SanPiN standards for additional education did not ignore the issue of catering. According to previous laws, the premises in which extracurricular activities take place were not intended to house refreshments. Now the situation has changed. Rospotrebnadzor allows organizations to install points for issuing finished products or buffets on their premises. In this case, of course, it is necessary to follow all safety rules related to baby food.

Children's institutions of additional education

Additional education for adults

Job description for additional education methodologist

Changes in existing and new SanPiN for 2017

In order to ensure the safety of an employee during the performance of his professional duties, sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules are being developed at the state level. Similar requirements apply to manufacturing enterprises, medical structures, including dental clinics, child care facilities, etc.

The requirements apply not only to heads of organizations, but also to private entrepreneurs and even ordinary citizens. Failure to comply with legal requirements can lead to various types of liability. This may be a warning or the imposition of penalties depending on the violation committed.

The purpose of introducing SanPin rules is to protect human health and protect the environment from exposure to harmful factors. Special bodies monitor whether the instructions are being followed: Rospotrebnadzor, local authorities, as well as the prosecutor’s office. Every person has the right to complain to the appropriate structure if he notices any kind of violation or deviation from the implementation of established rules.

What it is

There is a huge number of legislative acts whose purpose is to protect human rights. Among them are sanitary and epidemiological norms and rules, abbreviated as SanPin, designed to protect nature and people from infections, contamination, and other negative factors. Sanitary standards include various rules, compliance with which ensures the safety of humans and the environment.

Not only companies that produce various products must comply with the current rules, but also other organizations, as well as ordinary citizens, since this is provided for by Russian laws. Otherwise, various penalties and compensation payments may be imposed.

SanPiN for 2017 ensure safety during the operation of enterprises.

Compliance with legislative requirements is monitored by special regulatory bodies, which during the inspection put forward the following requirements to the organization’s management:

• ensuring production safety;
• control over the effective activities of an enterprise that emits harmful substances into the environment;
• control over air and drinking water quality;
• ensuring product safety;
• compliance with the standards of organization of work and placement of medical and educational institutions.

SanPin is a broader list, since many other standards have been adopted that are relevant to areas of human life. Rules are developed for different cases that may pose a danger specifically to humans or nature as a whole.

Changes in current SanPin for 2017

On January 1, 2017, SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 came into force, which concerns the requirements put forward in the workplace for physical factors; as a result, documents that related to electromagnetic fields in production conditions and hygienic requirements for computers and the organization of the work process became invalid ( SanPin 2.2/2.4.1340-03).

New rules regulate the microclimate in industrial premises. For example, when the outside temperature is below 10 degrees, the optimal air temperature for work with low energy consumption is 22-24 degrees.

For work that requires the greatest energy consumption, only 16-18 is recommended. The same document provides the permissible standards for thermal radiation to which a person’s body is exposed from industrial sources heated to a maximum of 600 degrees.

Other sections of the adopted SanPin are devoted to noise level, vibration frequency, magnetic and electric fields, etc.

The applications contain requirements that apply to:

• workplace lighting;
• selection of clothes and shoes;
• use of personal protective equipment;
• recommended duration of operation at a certain air temperature, etc.

Staying at the workplace in very high temperature air

When to apply

SanPiN for 2017 must be complied with by citizens who are in an employment relationship, private entrepreneurs, as well as legal entities. This means that the modified rules must be used in most workplaces, including offices. SanPin requirements do not apply to workers who perform emergency rescue operations or combat missions, including divers, astronauts and some others.

From the beginning of 2017, employers must comply with the new rules and review the compliance of the existing working conditions of their staff with the new safety standards. In case of deviation from the norms of physical factors present in the workplace, the employer must bring them to the values ​​​​established by law.

If this is not done, as a result of an inspection carried out by Rospotrebnadzor, the head of the company will be held accountable.

Liability for non-compliance

SanPin are state standards that apply to the field of labor protection. Article 5.27.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Russia establishes liability for non-compliance. In case of violation of the requirements, including the new SanPin, a warning may be issued or administrative penalties may be imposed.

The fine is imposed in the following amount:

• if these are officials, they face from 2 thousand to 5 thousand rubles;
• if we are talking about an individual entrepreneur, the amount of the fine is similar;
• a legal entity will pay from 50 thousand to 80 thousand rubles.

The Code of Administrative Offenses also contains Article 6.3, which provides for liability for failure to comply with sanitary rules.

A warning or an administrative fine in the amount of:

New requirements for workplaces

In order to maintain labor productivity at the proper level, the employer must comply with a number of sanitary requirements (SanPin 2.2.4.548) that apply to workplaces.

Our specialists have prepared a sample order for the creation of an OSMS at an enterprise here.

They are installed separately for different indicators:

• rooms containing computer equipment must have both natural and artificial lighting;
• The following requirements are put forward for work furniture: comfort in use and freedom of movement around the room;
• in rooms containing office equipment, including computers, the temperature should be about 23 degrees, air humidity from 40 to 60%;
• to prevent hearing impairment, the noise should be in the range from 50 to 8 dBA (the level can be reduced by installing suspended ceilings, using special materials, placing curtains of thick fabric on the windows);
• requirements for electrical safety: installation of insulation, automatic shutdown of devices (it is advisable to use sensors that analyze the composition of oxygen).

Read also: Legal warranty period

The new SanPin contains requirements for the intensity of thermal radiation and standards for the required area per employee, as well as medical requirements: passing medical examinations, a ban on working with a PC for some categories, etc.

The updated SanPin is general for all workplaces, however, personal standards may be adopted for certain types of activities.

Features for kindergarten

SanPin for kindergartens indicates the requirements for recruiting groups, creating the microclimate of the premises, lighting, etc.

Certain requirements are put forward to children. For example, the age of children admitted to a preschool institution is from 2 to 7 years. The number of children in the group depends on the size of the room: for each child under 3 years old there should be at least 2.5 square meters, the norm for children from 3 to 7 years old is 2 meters.

SanPin includes certain rules for children's daily routine. Babies from 3 to 7 years old can stay awake for up to 6 hours. Children should be outdoors twice a day for a total of 3 to 4 hours. Daytime sleep is 2.5 hours, total sleep duration is 12 hours per day.

For 4 hours a day, children are engaged in independent activities; this time is devoted to preparing for school, they play, and take care of personal hygiene. The following exercises are regular: physical education, rhythmics, gymnastics, outdoor games, swimming. Physical activity for children from 5 to 7 years old should be 8 hours a week. Hardening measures are mandatory.

One of the main ones is hygiene requirements. Treatment of premises should be carried out when children are absent. When ventilating rooms, the presence of heating and air temperature are taken into account. The absence of drafts is mandatory.

Kindergarten staff must wash toys daily. If we are talking about the younger group, this procedure is carried out twice a day. In this case, it is mandatory to use safe detergents. Bed linen should be changed every week.

For medical institutions

There is no law in the Russian Federation providing for the destruction of medical waste. This can negatively affect the environment, so a document has been developed containing a procedure that is aimed at recycling waste. They should be collected, disinfected, hermetically sealed and transported to the disposal site.

Compliance with sanitary standards is monitored by relevant structures that constantly inspect medical institutions. If the patient detects any violations, he has the right to file a complaint with the sanitary control center.

What basic standards are established for medical structures:

• The rooms in which radiation therapy is carried out cannot be walk-through;
• the ward must be equipped with night lights;
• the noise level should not exceed the level established for residential premises;
• equipment, instruments and premises should be kept clean;
• the rooms in which patients are located must be provided with natural light, except for massage compartments, laboratory rooms, and disinfection departments;
• Disinfectants must be stored in original manufacturer packaging.

Medical workers should systematically carry out such measures as wet cleaning of walls and other surfaces, cosmetic repairs should be carried out as necessary, and bins must be kept clean.

General rules for medical personnel:

• Upon arrival at the workplace and upon completion of work, the employee must do a wet cleaning, including washing the walls;
• employees must promptly identify defects in their offices and other areas of the building in order to carry out repairs;
• bins intended for personal hygiene items or medical waste should be systematically cleaned;
• special requirements apply to the sterility of the hands of healthcare workers; cleanliness of hands is the key to preventing the infection from spreading.

Compliance with SanPin in medical structures makes it possible to prevent outbreaks of infectious diseases among the general population.

For school

At the beginning of 2016, changes were made to SanPin for the school.

The changes affected the requirements for premises and equipment:

• on school grounds there must be parking spaces for vehicles transporting students;
• if the school consists of several buildings, they must be connected to each other and equipped with a heating system;
• It is not allowed to install outdoor toilets for students if there is no centralized sewage system (in this case, internal sewerage should be provided).

School catering must also meet certain requirements:

• free access to water supply;
• drinking water and food must undergo quality control;
• Canteen workers must undergo a medical examination twice a year, etc.

Specifics of the educational process:

• the number of students depends on the area available for each child;
• the document determines the number of lessons for each age group, so the lesson schedule must be drawn up in accordance with the standards (for example, for the first grade there should be no more than four lessons daily, by the last grade there may be 7-8);
• the school year for first-graders may include additional holidays;
• Teachers must undergo retraining every two years and then certification.

The school should be a safe and productive institution that provides complete knowledge to students. Changes made to SanPin should improve the requirements that were established by earlier legislative documents.

From this article you will learn more about the designation of vacation in the time sheet.

How to draw up an order to extend the probationary period - read here.

SanPiN 2.4.4.3172-14. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating hours of educational institutions of additional education for children, 2017. Latest edition

Binding: Paperback