Which of the following are sources of targeted funding? Targeted financing and targeted revenues

In Russian accounting practice, up to and including 1999, the first option was used: funds received free of charge, including targeted financing of capital investments and current activities, were reflected in account 87 “Additional capital” (at the same time, property acquired through targeted financing was not depreciated).

Since 2000, in connection with the adoption of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” and PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”, such income leads to the appearance of non-operating income and expenses in the corresponding periods.

The accounting methodology for budgetary targeted financing is determined by the Accounting Regulations “Accounting for State Aid” - PBU 13/2000 (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 16, 2000 No. 92n). Features of accounting for target financing, in which the source is not the budget of the Russian Federation, are set out further in the corresponding subsection.

Before moving on to consider the accounting treatment of target financing, it is necessary to make two important remarks.

Firstly, it should be remembered that the accounting and taxation procedure set out in this article does not apply to the accounting of funds (including budget funds) received under contracts the subject of which is the sale of products, goods, performance of work, provision of services. The main characteristic of such agreements is that the source of financing (or another person determined by this source) is transferred ownership rights to goods, work results, or services provided. The most typical example is the implementation of scientific research work by enterprises commissioned by executive authorities and extra-budgetary funds.

Accounting under such agreements must be carried out in the generally established manner using account 90 “Sales”. In our opinion, it is more correct to reflect the receipt of funds in this case in correspondence with account 62 rather than 86. It should also be taken into account that in the cases under consideration such funds are subject to separate accounting, since, for example, in terms of targeted budget financing they are subject to the provisions budget legislation on sanctions for misuse of budget funds. In addition, if information on government procurement and orders is essential to characterize the financial position of the organization, then it is subject to disclosure in the explanatory note to the financial statements (clause 18 of PBU 13/2000).

Secondly, the accounting and taxation methodology discussed in this article does not apply to the accounting of funds (including budget funds) received under agreements that provide for the unconditional obligation of the organization to return the funds received. Accounting for the receipt of funds under such agreements is regulated by PBU 15/01 “Accounting for loans and credits and the costs of servicing them.” At the same time, according to clause 17 of PBU 13/2000, if, if certain conditions are met, the organization is exempt from repaying the received budget loan and there is sufficient confidence that the organization will fulfill these conditions, then such funds are accounted for in the manner established by PBU 13/2000 .

The receipt of funds from targeted budget financing is reflected in account 86 “Targeted financing” depending on accounting policy organizations. According to clause 7 of PBU 13/2000, the organization has the right to choose between two methods of accounting for the receipt of targeted funding:

1. As resources are actually received (Debit 51, 55, 10, 08,... Credit 86);

2. As confidence arises in receiving budget funds (Debit 76 Credit 86, then upon receipt of resources - Debit 51, 55, 10, 08,... Credit 76).

Similarly, if targeted financing is provided not in the form of transferring funds directly to the accounts of the enterprise, but to the accounts of third parties (suppliers, other counterparties), then the debt on targeted financing and repayment of debt to suppliers is reflected in the accounts: Debit 60, 76 Credit 86 (76 ).

In contrast to the procedure in force before 2000, targeted financing funds are written off from account 86 to increase the financial results of the organization, and costs incurred from budget funds are reflected in the profit and loss statement as part of the organization's expenses.

It should be emphasized that the accounting procedure in PBU 13/2000 is based on the assumption of temporary certainty (clause 6 of PBU 1/98) and the principle of matching income and expenses (clause 19 of PBU 10/99). Thus, if an organization makes capital investments or current expenses, then targeted financing is recognized as income, regardless of whether supplier invoices have already been paid at the time the expenses are recognized. Similarly, when transferring funds received to suppliers (performers) in advance, non-operating income is not reflected until the actual recognition of expenses.

And one more very important note. Taking into account the principle of matching income and expenses, non-operating income from targeted financing should be recognized not when calculating depreciation, release of material and inventories in the production of products, calculating wages and recognizing other expenses, as required by paragraph 9 of PBU 13/2000, and when recognizing these expenses in the income statement.

For example, when releasing materials into production, part of the costs may not be recognized in the income statement if there is work in progress. Then recognition of non-operating income in full will lead to an imbalance of income and expenses and distortion of the financial results of several reporting periods.

Thus, the recognition of expenses in accounting is not a sufficient basis for reflecting non-operating income: the determining factor, in the author’s opinion, should be the recognition of expenses in the income statement. Therefore, in the examples in this article, the assumption is made that expenses recognized in accounting are recognized in the same period and in the income statement (there is no work in progress, deferred expenses, etc.).

If the organization deviates from the proposed procedure, then in addition to the distortion of financial results, accounting will also become more complicated, since it will also be necessary to reflect temporary differences in accordance with PBU 18/02 “Accounting for income tax calculations.”

So, in the general case, when receiving budget financing, neither permanent nor temporary differences arise, since income does not increase either in accounting or tax (see further section on income tax). Subsequently, expenses incurred through targeted financing will not be recognized in tax accounting. In accounting, when expenses are recognized for the same amount, non-operating income will also be reflected, due to which the final financial result in accounting will not change. Therefore, again there will be no permanent or temporary differences. However, if part of the expenses is taken into account in work in progress, and income is reflected in full, then in the period of income recognition the accounting profit will be more than the tax base, and in the next period it will be less. This will require reflecting taxable temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities in accordance with paragraphs. 12 and 15 PBU 18/02.

So, let's move on to the methodology for further accounting for target financing established by PBU 13/2000. The moment of debiting amounts from account 86 depends on the type of expenses for the financing of which these funds were received (clause 9 of PBU 13/2000).

1. Acquisition of depreciable assets (fixed assets, intangible assets, leased assets), as well as making other capital investments (completion, reconstruction, modernization of depreciable fixed assets, etc.).

When receiving budget funds for these expenses, targeted financing is taken into account as deferred income when putting non-current assets into operation.

After recognizing expenses (accruing depreciation on objects acquired using targeted financing, or received in the form of targeted financing), the amounts recorded on account 98 “Deferred income” are written off in the amount corresponding to depreciation to account 91 as non-operating income. Thus, at the end of the reporting period, the amounts of funds spent on paying expenses, in particular on the acquisition of valuables, the cost of which was transferred to production and distribution costs during this reporting period, will be added to the balance sheet profit. This achieves compensation for the costs incurred, since they were not actually made at the expense of the organization. Balances of funds that do not compensate for expenses incurred are reflected as deferred income until the corresponding expenses are incurred.

Example. On April 17, 2002, OJSC Kemerovo received budget funds in the amount of 1,200,000 rubles. for the purchase of filters for main production:

Debit 55 Credit 86 - 1,200,000 rub.

On May 12, 2002, vacuum belt filters were purchased at a cost of 1,200,000 rubles. (including VAT - 200,000 rub.):

Debit 60 Credit 55 - 1,200,000 rub. - payment to the supplier; Debit 08 Credit 60 - 1,000,000 rub. - cost of filters; Debit 19 Credit 60 - 200,000 rub. - VAT amount;

Debit 86 Credit 19 - 200,000 rub. - the amount of VAT is written off due to targeted financing (see further section on value added tax).

Debit 01 Credit 08 - 1,000,000 rub. - fixed assets put into operation; Debit 86 Credit 98 - 1,000,000 rub. - targeted financing funds are reflected in deferred income (clause 9 of PBU 13/2000).

The organization determines the useful life in accounting and tax accounting on the basis of the Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 1, 2002 No. 1). However, this document does not contain this object, so it is necessary to refer to the All-Russian Classifier of Fixed Assets.

According to the All-Russian Classifier of Fixed Assets (OK 013-94) (approved by Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation dated December 26, 1994 No. 359), belt vacuum filters correspond to code 142919327. In accordance with the Classification, codes 142919000 (“Machines and equipment for other purposes”) include to the fifth group with a useful life of over 7 years up to 10 years inclusive. The organization decides to set the useful life of the asset at 100 months (8 years and 4 months).

Accordingly, starting from July 2002, the amount of monthly accrued depreciation will be 1,000,000/100 = 10,000 rubles. (linear depreciation method). The same amount should be reflected in non-operating income according to clause 9 of PBU 13/2000:

Debit 25 Credit 02 - 10,000 rub. Debit 98 Credit 91 - 10,000 rub.

After full repayment of the value of the asset, account 98 “Deferred income” will be closed. If the disposal of an item of fixed assets occurs before depreciation is calculated in full (due to sale, liquidation, etc.), then the balance on account 98 “Deferred income” must also be written off in the appropriate amount. reporting period. Due to obsolescence, the filters were written off on July 19, 2004. The actual use period is 25 months, the amount of accrued depreciation is 250,000 rubles, the residual value is 750,000 rubles:

Debit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” Credit 01 - 1,000,000 rubles. Debit 02 Credit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” - 250,000 rubles.

Debit 91 subaccount “Operating expenses” Credit 01 subaccount “Disposal of fixed assets” - 750,000 rubles.

Debit 98 Credit 91 subaccount “Non-operating income” - 750,000 rubles.

2. Acquisition of non-current assets not subject to depreciation

Special rules are established by PBU 13/2000 regarding accounting for targeted funding received for the implementation of capital expenditure related to the acquisition of non-current assets that are not subject to depreciation in accordance with current rules. In this case, non-operating income is recognized during the period of recognition of expenses associated with fulfilling the conditions for the provision of budget funds.

Example. The organization has been allocated a plot of land to expand production - the construction of a new workshop. According to clause 17 of PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets,” land plots are not subject to depreciation.

The valuation of the received land plot must be carried out in accordance with clause 6 of PBU 13/2000, that is, based on the price at which, in comparable circumstances, the organization usually sets the value of the same or similar assets. If it is impossible to determine the value of a plot in this way, in our opinion, it is advisable to evaluate it according to market value according to clause 10 of PBU 6/01.

The amount of targeted financing corresponding to the valuation of the land plot and reflected in account 98 “Deferred income” will be written off to account 91 as part of non-operating income as depreciation is calculated on the constructed workshop building.

Example. The city administration allocates funds to the organization for the reconstruction of the housing stock (dormitory for employees), which is not depreciable property (no income is derived from the provision of dormitory for employees).

In this case, the rules established by PBU 13/2000 cannot be applied, since reconstruction costs will have to increase the cost of a non-depreciable asset and the expenses will not be recognized in the income statement. In such a situation, in our opinion, non-operating income should be recognized in the period in which the organization fulfills the conditions for providing targeted funds - it reconstructs the housing stock. This conclusion follows from paragraph. 4 clause 9 of PBU 13/2000 in its understanding based on clause 19 of IFRS 20 “Accounting for government subsidies”, on the basis of which the Regulations were developed. PBU 13/2000 does not provide for the allocation of budget funds to increase capital.

3. Purchase of materials, goods and other current assets

In the case of the acquisition of current assets that are not subject to depreciation for current expenses, targeted financing in accordance with clause 9 of PBU 13/2000 is recognized as deferred income at the time of their acceptance for accounting.

In the future, non-operating income is recognized when inventory is released for production, for performing work (rendering services) and for other disposal of such assets.

Example. CJSC Labinsky Elevator allocated budget funds in the amount of 1,800,000 rubles. for purchase:

1. Chemicals for processing stocks in the amount of 600,000 rubles. (including VAT 100,000 rub.);

2. Fuel and lubricants for the operation of equipment in the amount of 450,000 rubles. (including VAT 75,000 rub.);

3. Construction materials in the amount of 750,000 rubles. (including VAT - 125,000 rubles) for repairs (270,000 rubles) and reconstruction (480,000 rubles) of production facilities.

Transactions are reflected in accounting as follows: Debit 55 Credit 86 - 1,800,000 rubles. - budget funds have been received; Debit 60 Credit 55 - 1,800,000 rub. - suppliers' invoices have been paid;

Debit 10 Credit 60 - 1,500,000 rub. - inventories are registered;

Debit 19 Credit 60 - 300,000 rub. - VAT allocated;

Debit 86 Credit 19 - 300,000 rub. - VAT is written off due to targeted financing (see further section on value added tax);

Debit 86 Credit 98 - 1,500,000 rub. - funds for targeted financing are reflected in deferred income.

At the end of the reporting period, chemicals worth 450,000 rubles were released into production. and fuels and lubricants in the amount of 200,000 rubles:

Debit 20 Credit 10 - 650,000 rub. Debit 98 Credit 91 - 650,000 rub.

The remaining part of the chemicals (worth 50,000 rubles) was sold to customers of the elevator services at cost for processing their products with drugs on a toll basis:

Debit 62 Credit 91 - 60,000 rub. - implementation is reflected; Debit 91 Credit 68 - 10,000 rub. - VAT reflected;

Debit 91 Credit 10 - 50,000 rub. - materials written off; Debit 98 Credit 91 - 50,000 rub.

To repair production facilities, construction materials worth 150,000 rubles were supplied, and for reconstruction - 350,000 rubles:

Debit 25 Credit 10 - 150,000 rub. Debit 98 Credit 91 - 150,000 rub. Debit 08 Credit 10 - 350,000 rub.

Since reconstruction costs represent capital expenditures, targeted financing will be reflected in non-operating income only as depreciation is accrued on the facility after reconstruction (see the procedure above). Note also that if we approach the implementation of PBU 13/2000 literally, then the posting Debit 86 Credit 98 for the amount received for the purchase of materials for reconstruction (480,000 rubles) should be reflected not at the time of acquisition of materials, but only after the completion of the reconstruction. However, from a reporting point of view, this issue can be fundamental only if the organization reflects the balance of targeted financing not under the item “Deferred income”, but separately in the section “Short-term liabilities” (clause 20 of PBU 13/2000).

In total, at the end of the reporting period, materials were allocated for current expenses in the amount of 850,000 rubles, non-operating income in the amount of 850,000 rubles was reflected.

4. Carrying out other current expenses

Upon receipt of targeted financing for current expenses without purchasing material assets: payroll, for the purchase of works and services, for payment of interest on borrowed funds received to replenish working capital, etc. - deferred income is recognized in the period when debts to suppliers, performers, employees, etc. are reflected.

The amount of future income in accordance with clause 9 of PBU 13/2000 will be written off as non-operating income as the corresponding expenses are recognized. In this case, obviously, the moment of writing off target financing for deferred income and deferred income for non-operating income, as a rule, will coincide.

The exception is cases when works (services) and wage are accrued when capital expenditures are made - in such a situation, income will be recognized as depreciation is calculated (see above). In our opinion, in order to maintain consistency between income and expenses (clause 19 of PBU 13/2000), a similar principle should be followed when reflecting received work (services) and accrued wages as part of future expenses.

5. Financing expenses (covering losses) of previous periods

As before the entry into force of PBU 13/2000, budget funds provided to the organization to finance expenses (covering losses) incurred in previous reporting periods increase non-operating income of the reporting period without reflecting income of future periods.

Often, an organization knows that losses it receives in one period will be compensated to some extent by the state in subsequent periods. In such cases, the specified accounting procedure is applicable if the organization recognizes targeted funding only as it is actually received (clause 7 of PBU 13/2000) or if during the period of recognition of expenses there is not sufficient confidence in the receipt and/or amount of government assistance.

Example. Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Gortrans" receives targeted funding from the city budget to cover losses from the provision of transport services to the population at regulated tariffs, as well as for the social needs of workers.

At the end of the year, the company incurred current expenses in the amount of 900,000 rubles for the social needs of employees. An amount of 500,000 rubles was allocated in the city budget to finance these expenses. If an organization, in accordance with its accounting policy, recognizes targeted financing as funds are received, then non-operating income will not be reflected until the actual receipt of government assistance:

Debit 55 Credit 86 - 500,000 rub. - budget funds received; Debit 86 Credit 91 - 500,000 rub. - repayment of losses is reflected.

Otherwise, non-operating income should be reflected in the period of expenses, and the receipt of budget funds - in the corresponding period in repayment of debt (clause 7 of PBU 13/2000).

Debit 29 Credit 10, 60, 70,... - 900,000 rubles; Debit 86 Credit 76 - 500,000 rubles;

Debit 76 Credit 91 - 500,000 rubles; Debit 55 Credit 76 - 500,000 rub.

Losses from the provision of transport services at the end of the period amounted to RUB 3,200,000. Since in our example, at the time of reporting, the enterprise does not know for sure what amount of losses will be compensated by the budget, targeted financing is not recognized in accounting and reporting (clause 5 of PBU 13/2000). Subsequently, upon receipt of government assistance, repayment of losses will be reflected in the manner outlined above.

At the same time, as a rule, the city budget previously compensated for about 70% of the enterprise’s losses, but not more than 2,000,000 rubles. If an organization is considering the likelihood of receiving budget funds in the amount of 2,000,000 rubles. as high, then it must reflect the contingent asset in this amount in the explanatory note to the statements without reflecting it in the balance sheet and on the accounting accounts (clause 11 of PBU 13/2000 and clause 23 of PBU 8/01 “Contingent facts of economic activity”) .

Keeping records when returning targeted funding

An important feature of targeted financing is that budget funds are subject to return in cases of their non-use within the established time frame, as well as in case of their misuse by the budget recipient (Article 78 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation).

Misuse of budget funds is understood as the direction and use of them for purposes that do not comply with the conditions for receiving these funds, defined by the approved budget, budget schedule, notification of budget allocations, estimates of income and expenses, or other legal basis for their receipt.

Misuse of budget funds entails:

1. Imposition of fines on officials of the organization (from 40 to 50 minimum wages), on the organization (from 400 to 500 minimum wages) in accordance with Art. 15.14 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation;

2. Indisputable withdrawal of budget funds used for purposes other than their intended purpose, in accordance with Art. 289 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation;

3. If there is a crime - criminal penalties provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Responsibility for the use of budget loans other than for their intended purpose is established in Art. 73 of the Federal Law on the Federal Budget for 2003.

The accounting procedure for the return of budget funds depends on the date of occurrence of the circumstances in connection with which the organization must return resources previously recognized as budget funds.

If an organization must return resources recognized as budgetary funds earlier in the same year, then corrective entries are made in accounting (clause 13 of PBU 13/2000).

Example. During 9 months of 2002, FSUE “NPBS” received targeted funding from the budget in the amount of 1,200,000 rubles. Of these, 11,200,000 rubles. was used for capital investments (put into operation, depreciation was charged in the amount of 400,000 rubles) and 800,000 rubles. - for current expenses. The audit showed that 2,300,000 rubles. budget funds were used for purposes other than their intended purpose, incl. 300,000 rub. - regarding current expenses.

The organization must make the following corrective entries: Debit 86 Credit 76 - 2,300,000 rubles.

Debit 86 Credit 98 - reversal - 2,000,000 rub. Debit 86 Credit 98 - reversal - 300,000 rub. Debit 98 Credit 91 - reversal - 400,000 rub. Debit 98 Credit 91 - reversal - 300,000 rub.

If an organization must return funds received as state aid in previous years, then, in accordance with clause 14 of PBU 13/2000, the amount to be returned is recorded as a decrease in target funding and the occurrence of debt for their return.

At the same time, in terms of the budget funds provided to finance capital expenditures, the financial results of the organization are simultaneously reduced and targeted funding is restored for the amount of depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets that was accrued and the unwritten off amount of deferred income.

And if budget funds were received to finance current expenses and the amount to be returned exceeds the corresponding balance of targeted financing, then an entry is made in the accounting records to reduce the financial results of the organization and the occurrence of debt for their return.

Example. Let's use the data from the previous example. Let us assume that all the indicators given in the example were compiled based on the results of 2002, and the misuse of budget funds was discovered in the middle of 2003 (that is, after the reporting for 2002 was generated).

The organization must make the following accounting entries:

Debit 86 Credit 76 - 2,000,000 rub. - the debt for the return of budget funds in terms of capital investments is reflected;

Debit 98 Credit 86 - 1,600,000 rub. - unwritten amounts of future income in terms of capital investments are reflected;

Debit 91 Credit 86 - 400,000 rub. - previously recognized income in terms of capital investments is reflected in losses of previous years;

Debit 91 Credit 76 - 300,000 rub. - previously recognized income in terms of current expenses is reflected as part of losses of previous years with reflection of the debt for their return (in this case it would be more convenient, although not in full accordance with paragraph 14 of PBU 13/2000, to reflect the entire debt as the first entry - 2,300,000 rubles, and reflect the latter by analogy with capital investments - Debit 91 Credit 86).

In the transcript to the profit and loss statement, the amounts reflected in the debit of account 91 are shown as part of non-operating expenses under the item “Losses of previous years” (clause 21 of PBU 13/2000).

Reflection of targeted financing in financial statements

In the financial statements, information about targeted financing is disclosed in the following order.

In the balance sheet, the balance of funds in the target financing account in terms of budget funds provided to the organization is reflected in the item “Deferred income” or separately in the section “Short-term liabilities” (clause 20 of PBU 13/2000).

Previously, in the recommended balance sheet form (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 13, 2000 No. 4n) there was line 450 “Targeted financing and revenues.” However, since 2000, this line should have been used only by non-profit organizations (clauses 47, 94 and 101 of the Methodological Recommendations on the procedure for generating indicators of an organization’s financial statements (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 28, 2000 No. 60n)).

According to clause 13 of the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and presenting financial statements, approved. By order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n, in the reporting for 2003 this procedure remains unchanged: in section III of the balance sheet, the unspent amount of targeted financing is reflected only by non-profit organizations.

For commercial organizations, similar rules remain: if at the end of the reporting period the funds for targeted financing were not actually spent, then the unspent amount of funds for targeted financing should remain accounted for in account 86, but in the reporting it should be reflected on line 640 “Deferred income” or on a separate line (for example, 670 “Unused funds of targeted financing”).

The choice of one option or another is determined by the required level of information content of the reporting. For example, when choosing the first option on the line “Deferred income”, both already used and unused funds of targeted financing will be taken into account.

In the profit and loss statement, budget funds recognized as income of the reporting period are reflected in accordance with paragraph 21 of PBU 13/2000 as part of non-operating income as assets received free of charge. In our opinion, it is advisable to highlight such receipts in the report or transcript to it as a separate line.

Also, transactions for receiving and spending budget funds are reflected in the statement of changes in capital, the statement of cash flows and in the section “State aid” of the appendix to balance sheet. A report on the intended use of funds received (form No. 6) can be submitted only by non-profit organizations (clause 4 of the Instructions on the scope of accounting reporting forms, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n).

In addition, the explanatory note in accordance with clause 22 of PBU 13/2000 must disclose at least the following information regarding the budget funds received:

Despite the fact that PBU 13/2000 was introduced with reporting for 2001, a similar accounting methodology should have been applied in 2000. According to paragraph 47 of the Methodological Recommendations on the procedure for forming indicators of an organization’s financial statements, which came into force with the reporting for 2000, the balances of the amounts of targeted financing received by a commercial organization are reflected in the group of items “Deferred income”. The reduction of these balances is carried out as non-operating income is recognized in the reporting period (during the release for the purpose of the organization’s activities of inventories acquired at the expense of targeted funds; depreciation on property acquired at the expense of these funds; completion and delivery research works, etc.).

In essence, this accounting procedure almost completely coincided with the accounting procedure for state aid established by PBU 13/2000.

At the same time, by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n, the Methodological Recommendations on the procedure for generating financial reporting indicators were declared invalid. At the same time, it was not taken into account that these Methodological Recommendations provided answers to many questions that were not regulated by the accounting provisions. One of these issues is the procedure for accounting for targeted funding coming from extra-budgetary sources - from organizations and individuals.

According to clause 8 of PBU 1/98 “Accounting Policy of an Organization,” if the regulatory documents do not establish accounting methods for a specific issue, then when forming an accounting policy, the organization develops an appropriate method based on the accounting provisions. Thus, it is assumed that in conditions of legal uncertainty it is the acting regulations in accounting should become the basis for determining accounting policies by analogy.

Therefore, in the author’s opinion, in the situation under consideration, it is logically and methodologically correct to use an accounting procedure that is completely similar to accounting for budgetary targeted financing. This applies both to the basic principle of accounting for such funds - reflecting income and expenses in the profit and loss statement without the use of additional capital - and to the accounting features defined by PBU 13/2000 (regarding the moment of recognition of amounts of targeted financing as deferred income; the presence of confidence in the receipt of funds and the fulfillment of conditions; the procedure for reflecting funds for target financing, if at the end of the reporting period only cash expenses were incurred; features of accounting when returning target financing; reflecting information about target financing in the financial statements, etc.).

Taxation upon receipt and use of targeted financing

Value added tax

Receiving funds in the form of targeted financing does not lead to the creation of a value added tax base, unless these funds are directly related to the sale of taxable goods (work, services) (see subparagraph 2, paragraph 1, article 162 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Proving the absence of such a connection (if it does not exist, of course) is usually not difficult. Let us also recall that according to paragraph 1 of Art. 45 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, tax collection from an organization cannot be carried out in an indisputable manner if the obligation to pay tax is based on a change by the tax authority in the legal qualification of transactions concluded by the taxpayer or the status and nature of the taxpayer’s activities.

The expenses for which an organization receives targeted funding usually include value added tax. In this case, the question arises how it should be taken into account. Let's consider two options: receiving targeted funding from the budget and from third parties.

First of all, it should be noted that Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not formally establish a ban on the deduction of tax on expenses paid through targeted funding, regardless of its sources.

However, the tax authorities are firmly of the opinion that VAT on goods (works, services) purchased using targeted budget funding is not subject to deduction, but is covered by the appropriate source (clauses 32.1 and 33.3 of the Methodological recommendations for the application of Chapter 21 “Tax on added value" of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Taxes of the Russian Federation dated December 20, 2000 No. BG-3-03/447). The exception is situations when budget funds are received on a repayable basis (in fact, they represent borrowed funds).

Thus, the Methodological Recommendations also do not formally prohibit deducting VAT on targeted financing received outside the budget. However, there is a possibility that the tax authorities will not accept this argument as justification for the possibility of VAT offset. In this case, in our opinion, due to the specifics of targeted financing, the likelihood of defending in court the possibility of deducting value added tax is also not very high.

Regarding the accounting of VAT on expenses from targeted financing, if the organization does not accept it for deduction. According to clause 32.1 of the specified Methodological Recommendations, tax authorities believe that the amounts of VAT on purchased goods (works, services) at the expense of targeted budget financing are not included in production and distribution costs, but are covered from the above-mentioned sources (that is, debited from account 19 in debit account 86 “Targeted financing”). As already indicated, this paragraph applies only to budget financing. However, tax authorities may well require its extension to other types of targeted financing.

Oddly enough, the Ministry of Finance adheres to a similar position regarding the accounting of value added tax (letters of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated October 20, 2000 No. 04-03-11, dated January 11, 2000 No. 04-03-11, etc.). At the same time, these letters belong to the Department of Tax Policy of the Ministry of Finance, and not to the Department of Accounting Methodology, whose competence includes regulating accounting. All available explanations from this department relate to periods before 2000, when the methodology for accounting for earmarked funding was completely different. In our opinion, writing off VAT due to targeted financing in the context of accounting methodology is incorrect.

Thus, since in the case under consideration the VAT amounts are not refundable, the costs of paying it to suppliers represent non-refundable tax amounts. According to PBU 6/01 “Accounting for fixed assets” and PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories”, non-refundable taxes paid in connection with the acquisition of material assets are included in their cost along with other costs of their acquisition (in this case, VAT amounts are no different from other ordinary expenses in accordance with clause 2 of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization”). Therefore, in our opinion, from the point of view of accounting legislation, the amounts of VAT paid upon the acquisition of property are included in its cost, and the amounts of VAT paid on current expenses are charged to cost accounts as part of expenses for ordinary activities.

On the one hand, when applying the option proposed by the tax authorities, the tax base for property tax is reduced in cases where property is acquired that is not exempt from paying this tax. In addition, the use of this method apparently means a lower likelihood of disagreement with the territorial tax inspectorate during an audit. On the other hand, as shown above, this option contradicts accounting legislation, according to which tax amounts must be included in the cost of acquired property, and, in addition, when applied, the value of the enterprise's net assets is reduced.

Thus, the organization has two accounting options:

1. With attribution of VAT amounts to the increase in the book value of acquired assets: o correct from an accounting point of view;

O as a rule, contributes to the improvement of indicators characterizing the financial and economic condition of the enterprise;

O disadvantageous from a tax point of view if the acquired property is subject to property tax.

2. With the attribution of VAT amounts to the reduction of target funding:

O is incorrect from an accounting point of view;

O, as a rule, contributes to the deterioration of indicators characterizing the financial and economic condition of the enterprise;

O beneficial from a tax point of view if the acquired property is subject to property tax.

In the future, when selling property acquired using budget financing, the tax base in accordance with clause 33.3 of the Methodological Recommendations of the Ministry of Taxes of the Russian Federation under Chapter 21 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is defined as the difference between the price of the property being sold without including sales tax and the cost of the property being sold ( residual value taking into account revaluations).

Income tax

Funds received in the form of targeted financing are not subject to inclusion in the tax base for income tax only if the grounds for their receipt are given in Art. 251 Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Let's consider the most typical types of targeted financing related to commercial organizations and the consequences of receiving them.

1. Targeted financing according to the requirements given in subparagraph. 14 clause 1 art. 251 Tax Code of the Russian Federation

In accordance with sub. 14 clause 1 art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, a limited list of income, in particular grants, is equated to targeted financing for tax purposes.

Grants are recognized as funds or other property if their transfer (receipt) meets the following conditions:

According to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, these receipts are subject to income tax if they are not used within one calendar year from the date of receipt (in this case, apparently, they did not mean “calendar year”, but “year” - according to Article 6.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, calendar year is the period from January 1 to December 31). It should be noted that this procedure applies regardless of the period of use of funds established by the agreement, therefore, when concluding relevant agreements with foreign investors, it is advisable to take into account the norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

All of the above receipts are subject to inclusion in non-operating income in the case and at the time when the recipient actually used the funds for other purposes (clause 14 of Article 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

With regard to other funds of targeted financing (except for foreign investments and revenues for ensuring radiation and nuclear safety), neither the Code nor the Methodological Recommendations of the Ministry of Taxes of the Russian Federation on the application of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation has established whether they are subject to taxation (and if so, when) if not used within the period established by the contract. But according to sub. 14 clause 1 art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, targeted financing includes property received by the taxpayer and used by him for its intended purpose. In this regard, the taxpayer must remember that the tax authorities may have the opinion that the proceeds in question will not increase taxable profit only in the reporting period in which they were used for their intended purpose. In the author’s opinion, defending the opposite conclusion can be quite problematic, so it is advisable to strive to use all funds of targeted financing and targeted revenues during the same period (at least the tax period) in which they were received.

Let us consider the issues of tax liability for misuse and failure to use specified targeted financing funds on time.

Tax penalties upon misuse (failure to use on time) are not subject to payment. According to Art. 106 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, a tax offense is recognized as an illegal (in violation of the legislation on taxes and fees) act (action or inaction) of a taxpayer, tax agent and other persons, for which liability is established by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, the Code does not provide for liability for misuse (failure to use on time) of funds received as part of targeted financing. This is due to the fact that civil legal relations are not subject to regulation by the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, since the taxpayer misuses funds (does not use them on time) not in violation of the legislation on taxes and fees, but in violation of an agreement with the source of these funds or in violation of another legislation. Nevertheless, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation introduces norms obliging taxpayers to pay taxes in the manner and within the time limits established by the legislation on taxes and fees. In particular, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation establishes the obligation to pay income tax on the amount of targeted financing funds used for purposes other than their intended purpose (not used on time). And if the tax is not paid on these amounts within the prescribed period, the tax authority has the right to hold the taxpayer accountable under Art. 122 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. As for the penalties. In accordance with Art. 75 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, penalties are recognized as the amount of money established by this article, which the taxpayer must pay in the event of paying the due amounts of taxes later than the deadlines established by the legislation on taxes and fees. Thus, penalties are payable only if the taxpayer does not pay income tax on time, for example, if the tax was not paid in the period in which targeted financing funds were received in the absence of separate accounting.

2. Targeted budget revenues to budget recipients (clause 2 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation)

This basis for exclusion from the tax base applies not only to budgetary institutions, but for all organizations receiving funds from the budget (Article 162 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation).

Taxation upon receipt of targeted revenues (clause 2 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation) is generally similar to targeted financing (subclause 14 of clause 1 of Article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), with the exception of the following aspects:

1) target revenues do not include revenues in the form of excisable goods, including excisable mineral raw materials (if an organization receives target funds in the form of excisable goods and raw materials (Article 181 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), then these revenues increase the tax base in the generally established manner);

2) taxpayers who received targeted funding, in the absence of separate accounting, must include the amounts of receipts in the tax base (from the date of their receipt), while taxpayers who received targeted funds are required to keep separate accounting, but the consequences of failure to do so are not established by the Code.

3) if targeted financing, used not for its intended purpose, leads to the emergence of a tax base, then to budget funds used not for its intended purpose, in accordance with clause 14 of Art. 250 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the norms of the budget legislation of the Russian Federation are applied (see above section “Keeping records when returning targeted funding”).

Taxpayers who received property (including cash), work, services as part of targeted revenues or targeted financing, at the end of the tax period must submit to the tax authorities a report on the intended use of the funds received in the form approved by order of the Ministry of Taxes of Russia of December 7, 2001 No. BG-3-02/542 “On approval of the form of declaration for corporate income tax”

3. Other types of targeted financing

In Art. 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation provides several more cases when receipts similar in nature to targeted financing (free of charge and for certain purposes) do not lead to the emergence of income subject to inclusion in the tax base, in particular:

1) in the form of the cost of agricultural objects received by agricultural producers, built at the expense of budgets of all levels (subclause 19, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);

2) in the form of property received free of charge educational institutions who have licenses to conduct educational activities, to conduct statutory activities (subclause 22, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation);

3) in the form of funds and other property that were received by unitary enterprises from the owner of the property of this enterprise or an authorized body (subclause 26, clause 1, article 251 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The last point can be especially emphasized. The fact is that unitary enterprises can receive funds on a free and irrevocable basis not only from budgets of all levels, but also from other sources by decision of the owner of the property of the unitary enterprise (from centralized funds of ministries and departments, from higher organizations and enterprises, etc. .).

Similar to all other types of targeted financing, in this case the proceeds are not included in the tax base. However, unlike all other types of targeted financing, in this case the Code does not formally establish the grounds for excluding expenses made with targeted financing from the tax base.

So, in accordance with paragraph 2 of Art. 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation is not subject to depreciation, in particular:

Property acquired (created) using budget funds for targeted financing (except for property received during privatization);

Property acquired (created) using funds received in accordance with subclauses 14, 19, 22, clause 1, art. 251 of this Code (that is, all the cases listed above, except for funds received by a unitary enterprise by decision of the owner).

The original version of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation indicated that property acquired using budget funds is not subject to depreciation, only in part of the cost attributable to the amount of these funds. However, based on the new edition of Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, it turns out that no matter how much the taxpayer spends his own funds on the acquisition of property, if he received even a little help from the budget, then he can no longer depreciate the acquired object.

Fortunately, the tax authorities have so far taken a taxpayer-friendly position, indicating Methodical recommendations according to Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, that when acquiring (creating) property using budgetary funds of targeted financing, depreciation is charged on the cost of property acquired (created) by the taxpayer at his own expense.

At the same time, during an audit, tax authorities may not extend this clarification to other means of targeted financing, in addition to budget funds. The author is convinced that such a procedure is in no way consistent with the principles of profit taxation and taxation in general and therefore cannot be applied. If the tax authorities do not agree with this, the taxpayer facing these problems should certainly apply to the arbitration court.

In our opinion, the principle set out above fully applies to other expenses of the taxpayer, in addition to depreciation, made from funds received from targeted financing and targeted revenues that do not lead to an increase in the tax base.

Head of the International Reporting Department of AKG Interexpertiza Anton Kalanov

date: 2003

Place of publication: publication “New in Accounting and Reporting”. 2003