What documents are needed for credit investment activities. Bank investment loans

It is no secret that most loans to the population are issued by banking organizations. Despite all the attractiveness of lending offers from banks, the procedure itself contains a number of pitfalls. The borrower must have a good credit history, official employment and meet other fairly strict requirements. In some cases, it is easier to get a loan from other structures - in particular, from investment companies.

As a rule, investment companies are less demanding of borrowers compared to banks. Investment companies definitely do not require the provision of many certificates that are requested by banking institutions. Also, in most cases, the borrower may not explain for what purposes he needs the money. The main condition is confirmation of the borrower’s identity (providing a passport), as well as the submission of documents confirming the right of ownership of the collateral property.

Features of obtaining a loan from an investment company

The main goal of investment companies is to obtain economic benefits. Investment companies can receive income from various activities: trust management, brokerage activities and lending.

The essence of investing in lending is that funds are invested in a company that lends to individuals.

Investment companies transfer funds to a specific account from which loans are issued. The company's profit depends on cash flow.

Investment companies typically provide secured lending. The property that is pledged when applying for a loan from investment companies may remain the property of the borrower, but may also be transferred to the company. In this case, the company becomes the full owner of the pledge, which is re-registered after the return of funds.

As a rule, loan applications from such organizations are processed quickly. Interest rates start on average from 10-15% per annum; loans can be issued for either a short period or up to ten years.

Which investment companies have the right to issue loans?

Investment companies that receive income from credit activities, must meet a number of requirements.

The requirements for companies are as follows:

• they must have an official registration of a legal entity in government agencies according to legal requirements;
• must have their own funds (authorized capital) in the amount established by adequacy standards;
• must have permission (license) to carry out this type of activity.

All nuances regarding the activities carried out must be reflected in the company’s statutory documents. Each company sets loan rates individually, depending on its credit policy.

Thus, obtaining a loan from an investment company is often the only way to quickly obtain the required amount of money, without bureaucratic obstacles.

The investment lending program is organized with the help of government support and is aimed at providing financial assistance to small and medium-sized businesses with the aim of qualitative development of any production. Almost all investment loans are made state banks and are a long-term form of lending.

Concept and features of investment loan

An investment loan is a special banking service that is provided with the aim of improving production activities, expanding one’s own business, as well as for the implementation of any small and medium-sized business projects.

More often this service is provided by credit institutions in a long-term form and can be used for special lending of commodity purchases, as well as the formation of various production assets.

All this will significantly improve the activities of any production, as well as implement new projects for your own business. That is why this program is very popular among borrowers who care about the quality development of the enterprise.

Most often, this service is used by manufacturing companies engaged in the construction sector, Agriculture, as well as developing various innovations to improve the overall efficiency of the enterprise and obtain additional sources of profit.

At the same time, at the moment, not only special joint stock companies, but also individuals who are individual entrepreneurs. This lending system has its own characteristics:

1. When applying for a loan, not only the client’s creditworthiness is subject to detailed analysis, but the overall competitiveness of the invested project is also analyzed. For this purpose, a system of high-quality feasibility studies is used for all activities carried out for which a loan is taken.
2. This type of lending is subject to strict restrictions. financial organization. The bank must provide a loan for a period that fully corresponds to the payback of the future project.
3. An investment loan is provided at a fairly low interest rate.
4. There is a special system of grace period for repayment of the main loan, according to which the loan holder can make payments only on interest. As soon as a profitable project is put into operation and begins to generate a certain income, the entrepreneur can repay the main loan together with the interest rate.
5. The investment form of lending can only be approved for the implementation of targeted activities. All funds taken must be spent on modernizing business solutions, as well as their reconstruction. At the same time, creditors can subsequently carry out a detailed check and find out for what purposes the funds were spent.
6. This type of loan is issued only to those entrepreneurs who have successful practical experience in running a business. In addition, the borrower must provide liquid real estate, which will subsequently act as collateral for the bank.

Types of investment loans

The investment lending system can be represented by several types:

• project option - involves the high-quality development of new business projects;
• expansion type - provides for the improvement and further development of existing production;
• The construction option is used to enable the implementation of various reconstruction as well as construction projects for the construction of commercial real estate.

Each type presupposes the intended purpose of the investment loan and fully complies with the basic conditions of registration.

A special form of loan can be presented in the following variations:

1. A bank investment loan is standard view a loan that involves a long-term lending system for the implementation of various business projects.
2. State option. It involves obtaining a loan under a special preferential program, which will require the provision of collateral real estate. Banking structures offer reduced interest rates for project implementation.
3. Trade credit is the issuance of a cash loan for business development and the purchase of goods for sale. These types of loans can significantly increase working capital.
4. The issue of bonds is carried out through the action of the National Stock Market Commission, and the entire procedure must be carried out with the help of official legal support.

Basic conditions

A special lending system can be organized for legal entities, as well as for officially registered individual entrepreneurs. In this case, special attention is paid to the implementation of profitable activities of enterprises within a specified time. Additionally, a check is made to determine whether the borrower has any outstanding credit and tax obligations.

Who can receive funds

Requirements for applicants and documents

• make a high-quality calculation of all parameters of a business project;
• implementation of a special procedure for the technical and economic conclusion of the activities being carried out (in this case, the borrower must have a detailed business plan that is fully consistent with the goals of future financing);
• the borrower must independently invest some of his own funds to implement successful production.

Additionally, there are requirements for the preparation of documentation:

• all contractual agreements must be documented;
• it is important to properly formalize collateral to implement additional guarantees;
• The borrower must provide an official application indicating the detailed amount of the total cash loan, as well as all documentation confirming the right to conduct business activities.

Terms and interest rates

A parameter like interest rate for an investment loan is determined on the basis of the total period of use of the state loan, as well as the presence of collateral. Also, the total accrued rate can be “floating” with a detailed analysis of all existing risks of the bank. The total interest can be paid for the actual number of days the borrower uses the funds provided.

The detailed interest rate is fixed in the agreement of the credit institution on the basis of an additional decision that is fully consistent with the loan policy of the given company. Some credit organizations provide for the accrual of additional interest for operating expenses, as well as the total cost of attracting bank resources to implement the lending procedure.

Is it worth taking out a loan for investment?

Modern market conditions require careful control of all processes related to business development. At the same time, additional investments are used to increase working capital.

To implement successful business projects, you can use the special lending service on loyal terms. But it is necessary to foresee the payback of the project in advance - that is why the banking institution requires that each point of the individual business plan be thought through in detail.

The modern system of investment lending presupposes the competent development of small and medium-sized businesses. The funds received can be used to carry out high-quality modernization of any equipment operating in production, as well as to implement specific projects that affect the improvement of the efficiency of the enterprise.

Special investment loans to improve the efficiency of small businesses, with the right approach, can significantly improve the economic parameters of any production.

Concept and purpose of investment lending

Definition 1

Investment loan is a type of banking service based on the provision of a loan aimed at optimizing existing business areas, expanding them or implementing a new project.

The following factors contribute to the growing popularity of this type of lending:

• for borrowers it is a relatively low interest rate, a long repayment period (loan terms can exceed ten years);
• for creditors – relatively low level transaction risk, based on the fact that the repayment of the loan is ensured by the property of the enterprise.

Note 1

Investment lending is an accessible and relatively inexpensive way to increase operational efficiency and modernize equipment.

Over time, investment lending goes beyond enterprises, extending its effect to individual entrepreneurs and even individuals planning to start their own business.

An investment loan is the most important tool for implementing state support for small and medium-sized businesses, which determines their provision by banks with a high share of state capital. Most commercial banks avoid this type of lending due to the long lending period, which reduces the profitability of the loan.

Distinctive characteristics of an investment loan

The distinctive features of an investment loan include the following:

• firstly, when providing other types of loans, the object of study by banks is the borrowers, their financial situation and solvency; in the case of investment lending, more attention is paid to the characteristics of the investment project to be financed. Often the greatest influence on the decision to provide a loan of this type is exerted by the content of a document such as a feasibility study of a project;
• secondly, an investment loan provides for some restrictions for the bank, which are expressed in the fact that the interest rate on the loan cannot exceed the profitability of the investment project as a whole, and the loan period must be higher than the payback period of the project. These restrictions increase the stringency of banks when selecting financed investment projects;
• thirdly, repayment of an investment loan may provide for a certain Grace period, during which only the interest on the loan is repaid, while the principal portion of the debt remains unchanged. Full repayment of the loan begins from the moment the facility is put into operation;
• fourthly, the intended purpose of investment lending, in which funds can be used only for the reconstruction or modernization of existing enterprises, or the technical equipment of new ones. Intended use The loan is strictly monitored by lenders. Often, credit institutions reserve the right to provide banking support for the transaction, which allows for more complete control over the expenditure of funds.

Types and forms of investment loan

There are several types of investment loans.

Project loans when a loan is provided for the implementation of a new project, the profitability of which is determined taking into account loan payments;

Expansion loans when lending is carried out in relation to an existing enterprise in need of expansion, reconstruction, modernization;

Construction loans when lending is carried out in relation to construction organizations. This type is highlighted due to the fact that construction projects require a significantly larger amount of documentation.

Investment loans are divided into the following forms: bank investment loans, government investment loans; commodity investment loans (leasing); bond issue.

Bank investment loans have several subtypes. Let us characterize the main ones.

One-time– these are those loans that provide for a one-time transfer credit funds to the borrower’s personal account and monthly interest is charged; repayment of the main loan can be carried out in various ways: annuity, when the payment amount is determined in advance and is not subject to change; in equal tranches, when repayment of principal and interest are not related to each other; individual, when an individual principal repayment scheme is provided for a specific borrower. this subtype of bank investment lending is the simplest and most widespread;

Credit lines– these are those loans that provide for the borrower to receive the necessary amounts not on a regular basis, but at the moment when he needs it. A line of credit includes the following types: simple, in which the borrower uses all allocated funds at once; revolving, when the borrower periodically repays the existing debt and borrows money again; on-call, when the borrower is set a certain limit, within which he independently determines the period for receiving or repaying funds; current account, when the borrower opens a specialized account at the bank, upon receipt of funds into which they are automatically used to repay the loan;

Underwriting– these are those loans in which the borrower receives funds through the bank’s repurchase of bonds issued by it;

Conditions for obtaining an investment loan

Note 2

The main requirement for a client counting on receiving an investment loan is the availability of a feasibility study of a real and feasible investment project, as well as a business plan.

Obtaining an investment loan for innovative projects is difficult due to the conservative attitude of banks towards everything new.

These documents must contain information about the activities of the organization (if it already exists) for at least three last year, characteristics of credit history, characteristics of investments of own funds, as well as a number of organizational documents, starting with an application for a loan and ending with a certificate of state registration.

For more than 10 years, Sberbank of Russia has been participating in the financing of long-term investment projects in all industries Russian economy, being the market leader in terms of the volume of financing provided and the degree of industry and product diversification.

The Bank has accumulated extensive experience both in providing classic investment lending and project financing services, and in selling non-standard complex financial products.

The bank offers the following services for corporate clients

• Medium and long-term financing investment projects
• Financing of mergers and acquisitions (M&A)
• Financing of leasing transactions
• Organization of placement of bond loans
• Providing bank guarantees within the framework of financed projects
• Lending within the framework of export financing under insurance of the export agency

Forms and conditions of lending

Lending is carried out in the form of a one-time loan or by opening a line of credit, both within the limits established for the enterprise, and on the basis of consideration of individual investment projects.

The loan can be provided in rubles or foreign currency for a period of up to 10-15 years under various forms of security.

With more detailed information on the financing of contracts for the import of goods and services of a capital nature at the expense of foreign banks under the cover of an export credit agency.