What is an adsorber in a car, signs of a malfunction, how to replace it? Why do you need an adsorber in a car The principle of operation of the absorber VAZ 2112.

Hi all. As you may have guessed, today we will not repair anything, instead I propose to talk about such an important and for many unknown detail of any modern car as adsorber. It often happens that the problems associated lie precisely in this mysterious and for the most incomprehensible "thing" as an adsorber. However, they remember or learn about it only when all potential "suspects" have already been replaced, such as:, BB wires, and other details.

It is in order that you do not repeat the mistakes of others and do not do a series of unnecessary work, changing unnecessarily what is already working properly, I want to tell you about what is adsorber. About how the adsorber is connected with the "poke method", when drivers change everything they can in search of a malfunction, you will learn towards the end of this article ...

The aforementioned adsorber is very often called an absorber, on purpose or by accident, I don’t know, but there is such a thing. So, first of all, I propose to understand that "xy from xy?" In this case, we are talking about an adsorber, which is a container filled with activated carbon, and, depending on the brand of car, equipped with various filter elements and steam outlet and inlet hoses.

Why adsorber, but not absorber?

Translated from Latin "sorbeo" - absorb anything. It is about the absorption by something (liquid or solid) of something (smell, liquid, etc.) from the environment.

Adsorption - this is the accumulation of something on the surface of the sorbent by a solid, and absorption is the complete absorption of something by the sorbent. That is, in essence, both the adsorber and the absorber are very similar and perform almost the same function, just a little differently. The system, which includes an adsorber, is called a gasoline vapor recovery system (from the English. EVAP - Evaporative Emission Control), the main task of which is to capture gasoline vapors and prevent them from entering the atmosphere.

What is an adsorber for?

In principle, the answer to this question has already been given, but if someone is interested in a more detailed answer, then I will continue ... As you know, gasoline, like any other fuel, has flammable vapors that not only ignite easily, but also they are also capable of polluting the atmosphere. Gasoline vapors that form in the tank rise up, after which they first enter the separator through the hole in the neck of the tank, where they condense and drain back into the tank. What did not have time to become condensate enters the gravitational valve through the steam pipeline, and then directly into the adsorber, where the "magic" actually happens - adsorption, absorption of gasoline vapor by activated carbon. This process occurs when the engine is not running. Switching of modes of operation in system of catching of vapors of gasoline happens by means of the electromagnetic valve. When the engine is not running, the vapors are absorbed by the adsorber, as soon as the engine is started, the injection system controller reports this to the valve, after which the sorbent is purged, gasoline vapors are sucked into a special receiver and burn out in the combustion chamber.

Pros and cons of the adsorber

The advantages include:

• No harmful emissions into the atmosphere;
• Fuel economy (due to the afterburning of vapors, and not their usual evaporation into the atmosphere);
• No gasoline smell. As a rule, those who have abandoned adsorbers observe a constant unpleasant smell near the car, as well as in the cabin.

Minuses:

• The high cost of the adsorber. As a rule, it is for this reason that many refuse this detail;
• when adsorber malfunctions. After several years of operation on dusty roads, the adsorber becomes unusable and needs to be replaced if it is not done on time, various troubles are possible, which we’ll talk about now;
• Symptoms of an adsorber malfunction:
• Unstable idling;
• Deterioration of dynamics (poor acceleration, "stupid", etc.);
• A burst tank with all the consequences ... Due to the occurrence high blood pressure the tank is constantly narrowing and expanding, as a result of constant deformations, the tank bursts in the weakest place, this place can be different for each, but as a rule, if this “sore” is characteristic of a particular model, then it manifests itself in everyone the same way.

Now, I think you understand what connects the adsorber and troubleshooting "at random"!? As a rule, when problems with the engine begin, many begin to look for the cause on their own and immediately, wires and various sensors, but few people realize that the engine often suffers precisely because of this very adsorber, which, in other words, does not allow the fuel to "breathe". tank, resulting in various problems and breakdowns that are not always possible for an ordinary motorist to detect.

Adsorber replacement

This event, as a rule, is not difficult, the main problem is to diagnose this breakdown and buy an adsorber, the price of which often causes shock among motorists.

It seems to be everything!? I think now you understand what an adsorber is, what role it plays and what its malfunction is fraught with. Thank you for your attention, I have everything, see you at .

Recently, more and more new devices have appeared in cars, and the absorber is one of them. To comply with the Euro-3 environmental standard, all vehicles are required to have equipment that prevents the entry into the atmosphere of hazardous substances that are formed as a result of fuel combustion.

The absorber is of the greatest importance in capturing and processing waste vapors in the machine. Its device and the basic principles of operation should be known to every car owner.

Types of used absorbers

The topic of environmental protection is relevant for our country. Everyone should do it, especially owners of cars with engines internal combustion. Tons of harmful substances emitted annually into the atmosphere do not make the world around cleaner and better.

To improve the environmental situation, an EVAP system is installed on each vehicle, in which the central place is given to the absorber. Classification depending on the type of absorbent component.

1. Fixed granular absorbent is used;

2. Mobile granular absorbent is used;

3. A fine-grained absorbent is used, with a constantly boiling bottom layer.

Most automakers use devices that have the first type of design, since it has been proven to be the most effective. Designs of the second and third types also trap spent fuel vapors.

Their main disadvantage is the possibility of absorbent particles entering the atmosphere with spent fuel vapors. Therefore, in order to maintain an effective working condition, the volume of absorbent in the models with mobile and boiling states needs to be checked regularly. To do this, the absorber must be dismantled.

The device of the absorbent element of the car

Externally, the absorber looks like an oblong metal can with two tubes. Through the first, the vapors to be processed are fed in, and condensate is discharged through the second. Inside the main body, which has a cylindrical shape and is divided inside by a steel separator into two unequal parts, an absorbent and an evaporator are placed.

The separator covers ¾ of the inner diameter, which makes it possible for the coolant to flow freely through the cylinder. The absorber consists of a generator and a condenser. To exclude their contact, they are separated by an inclined plate. The separator has one half - solid, the second - perforated.

This design allows the absorbent to be condensed and returned if it evaporates. This allows you to maintain the volume of the absorbent. Settling drops of refrigerant, support it stable pressure. Subsequently, they burn out in the motor.

Functioning principles of absorbers

Now let's look at how the absorber works on a car. The absorber is located above, the evaporator below it. Due to the passage of the refrigerant through the tubes, the condensed liquid flows down. Having worked out the cooler enters the evaporator tubes. Mixed with the absorbent solution, it enters the heat generator.

When heated, the refrigerant separates. In the condenser, water and saturated absorbent are separated from the steam. The separated vapors enter the fuel tank.

Due to the location of the absorber before the catalyst, the fuel vapors collected by it bypass the exhaust manifold and the catalyst. Due to this, the catalyst keeps working longer. When the solenoid valve is opened in the absorber, it is purged with air. The vapors accumulated in it enter the engine for recycling.

Characteristics of the working absorber

Consider some characteristics that allow us to judge the performance of the absorber.

When not in use, the pressure inside the housing must equalize with atmospheric pressure.

To prevent entrainment of the absorbent during the passage of the refrigerant, the absorbent liquid must have a stable consistency.

To be able to control the flow of the refrigerant, it must have a constant temperature.

Both liquids must be mutually soluble.

A prerequisite is high-quality mixture formation between the evaporator and the refrigerant.

Both fluids used must be chemically stable and completely safe.

Used absorbents and coolants

In modern technology, absorbers use two options for combining evaporators and absorbents. Firstly, ammonia can be used as a coolant, water acts as an absorbent. The second mixture uses water and lithium bromide. Both mixtures have approximately the same performance.

Activated carbon is often used as a dry absorbent. The choice is left to the automaker.

Thus, the absorber significantly reduces the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and allows you to slightly save fuel.

Once upon a time, no one was particularly worried about the level of environmental pollution by cars. But in our age of concern for the environment, every manufactured car has a fuel absorber. What it is, every driver should know, since he will definitely have to change this device after a certain time.

Brief information

Adsorption is called the absorption of one substance (more rarefied) by another (more dense) . In this case, the transformation of some chemicals into others does not occur. This principle finds application in various spheres of human life - from medicine to industry.

The following are used as absorbents:

• Carbon-containing substance of organic origin, having pores;
• Dried gel;
• Calcium and sodium aluminosilicates;
• Various minerals found in the natural environment.

Starting with the second generation of the Euro series of environmental standards, all manufactured vehicles must have a special container for absorbing gasoline or diesel fumes. European manufacturers who disregard these rules are fined. Foreign violating plants are losing the European market.

The absorber is a small cylindrical container located under the hood of the car in close proximity to the engine.

Often, motorists make a mistake in spelling the word "adsorber", replacing the letter "d" with "b". The erroneous option is very common, but it is still normative adsorber.

Why do you need an absorber in a car?

Fuel vapor adsorption occurs in every modern car model. Thanks to this technology, it is possible to achieve the following goals:

• Significant fuel savings. Thanks to the design of the absorber, part of the fuel gases that have condensed flow back into the gas tank.
• The occupants of the car interior will no longer be bothered by the unpleasant odor that was present in many older models.
• The gas tank cap is now much easier to open. Even in the generation before last, in hot weather, the pressure in the tank increased so much that it was physically difficult to open the fuel tank.
• Manufacturers declare high friendliness of cars with an absorber to environment. Indeed, thanks to these simple devices, gases that are toxic to the atmosphere do not enter the air. Considering that there are several billion cars in the world, the environmental benefits become quite obvious.
• Safety. Thanks to the operation of the vapor absorption system, it is possible to reduce (although not by much) the explosiveness of liquid-fueled iron horses.

How the absorber works

The mechanism of action of the adsorber is as follows:

1. When the car engine is at rest, the pressure of gases evaporating from the surface of the fuel begins to rise in the gasoline tank.
2. These vapors enter a special container, where they are separated into liquid and gaseous fractions.
3. The liquid flows back into the gas tank, and the gases under strong pressure pass through the pipe system into the absorber.
4. After the driver turns the ignition key, electronic circuit the car will give a signal to open the valve on the motor.
5. Gases begin to escape from the absorber.
6. The entire volume of accumulated vapors enters the combustion chamber of the combustible mixture.
7. After entering the engine, the substance released from the adsorber is subject to complete combustion.
8. The amount of gases entering the engine depends on the time interval in which the valve was opened.

Device disadvantages

Despite the fact that the absorber has on board almost every car sold on the market, this does not mean at all that it is devoid of shortcomings:

• The dimensions of the device are quite significant, which is why it occupies a fairly large usable space in front of the machine;
• Significant installation cost. Putting this device on an old car is quite an expensive pleasure, which can hardly be recouped by some fuel savings. All cars entering from the conveyor include a fee for the absorber as a markup to the cost.
• Among motorists, it is widely believed that the device “strangles” internal combustion engines and significantly reduces the dynamics of the car. Also supposedly falling speed and response time of the gas pedal. All this, however, does not find any confirmation in modern research.
• In the event of a breakdown, the driver should urgently go to the nearest technical center, otherwise a broken absorber will cause a lot of trouble. The least you will have to face is a drop in engine power. In advanced cases, the fuel pump breaks. In addition, there are cases of accidents from a gas tank cap that flew out at high speed under vapor pressure.

Symptoms of an adsorber malfunction

The relative simplicity of the absorber design does not save the device from damage. We list the main external signs problems with the work of the absorber:

1. The increase in gas pressure in fuel tank, which is heralded by a hissing sound when the fuel tank cap is opened.
2. As an indirect sign, a drop in the number of engine revolutions at idle can be taken into account. It should be noted that this symptom can accompany a huge number of "diseases" of the car. Therefore, a more detailed examination is needed.
3. Increasing the acceleration time. This happens because in case of problems with the absorber, the fuel pump first of all begins to suffer.
4. The specific smell of fuel in the interior of the car.

If you find more than one of these signs, visiting the center maintenance Necessarily. It must be borne in mind that the cost of replacing the device is quite high.

Some motorists, at their own peril and risk, for the sake of saving money, decide not to change the absorber. However, such connivance can result in a breakdown of much more expensive units.

The gases that are toxic to the human body and nature, which accumulate in the fuel tank, are designed to absorb the fuel absorber. What is this integral element of the design of a car, however, not all motorists know. Some even decide to remove it in order to improve the dynamics of the motor. However, the negative result of such an action will not be long in coming.

Video about the operation of the fuel absorber

In this video, mechanic Dmitry Osokin will show the principle of operation fuel absorber V modern car:

Reading 4 min.

Recently, such a device as an absorber has become present in the exhaust system of a car. What it is, how it works and why you need to know in this article.

In a modern car there are a lot of different devices. Twenty years ago, no one in the car needed such common things for us as a GPS navigator and an on-board computer. One such previously unseen device appeared quite recently, and it is called an absorber. This thing is a special device, the purpose of which is the absorption of exhaust gases and various vapors, and the division of mixtures into two or more components. The principle of operation of this device is based on a special liquid, which is the main working element - it is an absorbent.

Design

Externally, the absorber looks like an oblong can and two tubes:

• The first tube conducts perceived vapors inward.
• The second is for condensate outlet.

In the same cylinder, and mainly of this form is the main tank, there are an absorber and an evaporator. Inside, the cylinder is divided in half by a divider, most often just a steel plate.

The divider has a size of 3/4; diameter of the cylinder, this decision was made to ensure that the top of the evaporator is in contact with the absorber. In this case, the refrigerant freely circulates through the cylinder without pressure loss. The absorber also includes a generator and a capacitor. The capacitor and generator are divided by an inclined sheet of steel so that they do not touch. The steel sheet is also not solid, one half of it is just solid, and the other is perforated. When refrigerant vapors leave a weak solution with a sharp warming, drops of condensate are released from the other side and returned to the solution, so the absorbent always remains in the same amount. Refrigerant vapor also settles on the walls of the tubes, due to which they are cooled and the pressure in them drops. Then, in a hot engine, they burn out.

Principle of operation

The absorber is located at the bottom of the cylinder, and the evaporator is on top, above the absorber tubes. The refrigerant passes through the tubes in the cylinder, whereby the liquid that does not evaporate is collected at the bottom. Having spread, the refrigerant enters the evaporator tubes. Further, when it leaves the condenser, the refrigerant mixes with the absorbent solution and enters the heat generator, where the refrigerant is separated again. After the steam enters the condenser, where chilled water is released from it, and the escaping substance saturates the absorber again, making the solution concentrated. The solution enters its usual place after the heat exchanger has passed. The absorber is located near the catalyst and collects fuel vapors using the above described system, due to which these vapors do not enter the exhaust manifold and catalyst, significantly extending the life of the latter. When a special valve in the absorber is activated, it opens and all the collected vapors go back into the tank. After

Mandatory characteristics

This mixture of chemicals must have some constant characteristics that will indicate that the absorber is working successfully. All of them are presented below:

• The non-operating pressure in the housing should be close to atmospheric pressure.
• The absorbent liquid must have a consistent consistency so that little absorbent is carried away by the refrigerant as it passes through it.
• Should be maintained relatively constant temperature refrigerant to limit its consumption.
• These two liquids, both in liquid and gaseous states, must be completely mutually soluble.
• There must also be high-quality mixing between the evaporator and the absorbent.
• Mandatory: Complete safety and chemical resistance of both liquids.

Applicable liquids

Several types of liquids can be used as an evaporator and absorbent element. Now there are three options. The first is a combination of ammonia as a refrigerant and water as an absorbent. The second option, which works just as well, is water and lithium bromide. The third and last of the current ones is water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent. They all work great and have slightly different characteristics. Most often, the use of one or another combination of mixtures depends on the choice of the machine manufacturer.

The adsorber that came with English term, denoting a part vehicle, which is responsible for the absorption of combustion products by liquid (solid) bodies in a special container. The VAZ 2114 adsorber (someone calls the absorber) uses activated carbon as an absorbing element, it is with it that the domestic sample is filled.

The adsorber is a complex mechanical joint, sold and installed on the machine, according to the kit, from the following elements:

• the adsorber itself;
• purge valve;
• gravity valve;
• vapor separator;
• tubes: steam pipeline, valve, adsorber;
• fuel drain tube;
• additional hoses.

Work principles

The fuel tends to evaporate, and in sealed containers, like a tank, the vapor builds up pressure. From the tank, the vapors go to the separator, condense and return back to the tank, the excess vapors are sent to the adsorber, where the active element absorbs them.

If you have ever stored gasoline in a canister of fuel, you have seen how it inflates during long-term storage, if you are not so lucky, you could see how it “explodes”, usually on the lid, but on plastic canisters the weakest point is not determined by the lid.

This is how this process looks like when the engine is turned off, when the engine is running, the system opens the adsorber valve (purge valve), with the valve open, the vapors do not reach the absorber, but are directly blown into the intake pipe, where the engine successfully burns them.

Such an algorithm is intended to obtain two advantages of the system:

1. Increasing the environmental factor of the car, due to the absorption of fumes.
2. Fuel economy while driving (savings are 1%, but present).

As we figured out, gasoline vapors are absorbed by the adsorber, or blown into the intake valve, which is responsible for changing operating modes and controlling the system. It switches during system start-up, thanks to the engine start controller, during ignition it turns on the receiver, the sorbent is blown and unabsorbed vapors are immediately sent to the engine, saving every milligram of evaporated fuel.

In addition to the above advantages, the system also does not allow the smell of gasoline in the fat of the car, but such a system also has disadvantages (albeit controversial), motorists complain that it:

• takes up space under the hood;
• is the culprit of unstable operation when broken;
• Expensive.

Determine potential damage

We figured out why an adsorber is needed, now we will determine the signs that indicate its breakdown. Given the quality of the fuel, at gas stations in our country, this part is often contaminated, as it fails.

Any malfunction of this mechanism is easy to determine by obvious signs:

• Damage to the absorber - the fact that this mechanism of your car has problems can be determined by hearing a hiss while opening the tank, it indicates the accumulation of an excess amount of gasoline vapors.

Excessive pressure appears in the tank when you open the lid, there is a moment when the contact area with the external environment is small, and the pressure is quickly “released” through it, and the tank “hisses”, similar to a soda bottle.

If the problem is not “treated”, the tank will shoot with a lid at some point, except for repairing the tank, this promises serious liability problems (possibly criminal), because it is impossible to predict where the lid will fly, the speed of which is commensurate with the speed of a cannonball.

• Valve failure - the instability of the engine at idle will remind you of it, the car will randomly increase (decrease) the actual speed and stall.

In the event of a breakdown, the adsorber is often removed altogether, we will consider how to do this below, but there are no extra parts in the car, it is worth remembering this. If you do not want to remove and gut the ECU, you can try to fix everything yourself. Absorption kit weakest point is the VAZ 2114 valve.

On the VAZ 2115, a decrease in speed was noticed while driving, the car choked and stalled on the go, after the car stood, the problem temporarily disappeared.

Before repairing, you need to make sure that the problem is here:

1. Use a flat screwdriver to unscrew the latch on the motor cover (be careful, the latch is plastic, you should not break it), then very carefully remove the clamps.
2. We remove the part and purge the valve. If air does not pass, then the valve is operational, and the breakdown is elsewhere, if air passes through the valve, then you have found the problem.

Valve failure, in addition to unstable idle speed, will soon “give” you CheckEngine and a significantly increased consumption.

"We treat" the adsorber

If a breakdown occurs, the problem must be solved as soon as possible, there are four options to solve it, depending on the features, you can: replace the valve, replace the adsorber, try to repair the valve, remove the adsorber, we will consider each of the options in more detail.

Adsorber replacement

The replacement for the VAZ 2114 is very simple, you can also go to the service station, but if you do the procedure yourself, it will take about 20 minutes. We dismantle the spare part:

• disconnect the hoses from the throttle;
• disconnect the wires and block;
• remove the purge valve and purge and separator hoses;
• unscrew the three bolts of the bracket;
• item removed.

Installing a new one:

• we attach a long pipe to the place where vapor is supplied to the purge valve;
• we connect a short hose to the fence from the separator;
• we put the spare part in place;
• connect the supply hose to the valve;
• we put the purge channel (on the engine cover);
• connect the wiring and block;
• put the tube between the valve and the adsorber;
• work is over, connect the power and go.

We repair the valve

The valve is clogged due to bad gasoline, before we buy a new one, we will try to fix the old one. If a characteristic smell of gasoline appeared in the cabin, then the problem is in the valve pipes, they are changed by a simple replacement, and the problem is revealed by a visual inspection, we look at which pipe burst, buy a new one and install it.

It happens that there is no breakdown, visually inspecting the pipes, you can find that everything is whole and working, just one pipe flew off its place, in this case, you need to put it in place and tighten the clamp.

Direct repair:

1. We unscrew the adjusting screw, counting the turns (it is filled with epoxy, it will be easy to find).
2. We drip the carburetor flush into the fittings.
3. Holding the valve in the open position, we blow it with a compressor.
4. We repeat points 2 and 3.
5. We put it in place, screw the adjusting screw by the previously calculated number of revolutions.

Valve replacement

If the valve is broken due to overheating of the radiator, it cannot be repaired, a new part is needed.

The procedure is simple, let's consider it in order:

1. We de-energize the machine, disconnect the CPA plug.
2. We loosen the air control inlet pipe, remove it, set it aside.
3. We bend the mount, dismantle the valve (remove the mount no more than 1 cm).
4. We raise the valve along the grooves (you need to pull it up).
5. We turn off the fitting, there are two inlets, the first one can be removed easily, there will be problems with the second one - on the raised fitting, the fixing antennae are hooked, on the recessed latch (it’s easy to do together, you’ll have to “sweat” alone).
6. We mount the new adsorber valve in the reverse order.

We remove the adsorber

• dig into the ECU (reflash);
• seal the pipes leading to it;
• replace the tank cap (need a leaky one).

Summarize:

1. The VAZ 2114 adsorber is an important detail, you should not remove it.
2. You now know how to replace a part, determine its breakdown and try to repair it, so it’s better to do just that.
3. If you decide to delete, remember that now the environmental friendliness of the Euro 1 car, later problems may arise with this.

Useful video

For more information about the adsorber device and options for replacing it, you can learn from the video below: