Homemade ATV with an engine from the OKA. How to assemble a homemade ATV Homemade ATVs all-wheel drive

An ATV is an all-wheel drive car and a motorcycle, an enduro-cross bike, in one bottle. The features of this type of transport are compactness, tires with deep treads for better off-road grip, 1-2 seats and no roof over your head. This type of transport first appeared in Japan in the 1970s and won the hearts of many off-road romantics. Such transport will interest hunters, fishermen, and those who like to conquer impassable terrain. Many of us dream of such a toy for adults. We will tell you how you can make your dreams come true with your own hands.

Choosing an engine for an ATV

The most important part for your all-terrain vehicle will be the powertrain. Most often, motorcycle engines are used (they are economical and small in size). For example, an engine from the "Ural" or "Minsk", IL "Planet" or IL "Jupiter" will do. You can adapt the engine from "VAZ" or "Oka" to your ATV. To avoid overheating the engine in hot weather, you need to choose a model with an air-cooled system. The most popular option is to carry over vehicle forced cooling.

Retrofitting an existing frame or blueprints from scratch

Before any undertaking, an action plan and a design drawing or a finished frame are needed. If you yourself are friends with mathematical calculations, then you can calculate everything yourself. If you do not make a drawing, then you can contact a specialist or look for a design scheme that suits you on the Internet.

The easiest way is to take a ready-made motorcycle frame as a basis and weld all the missing parts onto it. The order of your actions is as follows: dismantle the old motorcycle. We leave only the frame. Cut off the rear part of the frame with the pendulum fork mount. We extend the frame with pipes and weld on the bridge (use jibs and kerchiefs). Pre-flip the automobile axle so that the quadric can go forward, not backward (because on the "Ural" gearbox at the output, the direction of rotation is reversed).

Remember that the axle gearbox must be easy to remove in case of replacement. We are looking for spare parts from a passenger car: 2 front hubs, a rear axle (so that the disks match the fasteners with the hubs), a propeller shaft, front suspension arms, tie rods, a ¾ inch round water pipe.

If there is no donor motorcycle, then the frame is best made of durable alloys: pipes, profiles, spot welded together. For the supporting parts of the frame, you can buy water pipes (VGP 25 × 3.2). You must have equipment that allows you to bend the pipes in the right place. For the body, we cook a frame from a 70 × 40 pipe. The length should not be shorter than the spring, and the width should correspond to the size of the bridge. When using jibs, do not forget about the torsional rigidity of the structure.

We connect the cardan with the box with the "Ural" rubber coupling. Through the crosspiece of the hinge with a flange, we connect the cardan to the bridge. If the donor was IL, then the drive is carried out by the native chain.

If your quad has springs on shock absorbers, leave the rear swingarm along with the silent blocks. Weld the bridge to the fork (remember to reinforce the seams with wide kerchiefs to prevent sweat vomiting). Instead of a cardan shaft, use the axle shaft from the Oka or VAZ. We leave the springs with shock absorbers as they are, do not touch them. When the frame structure is ready, we proceed to fasten the engine to the bottom of the frame using bolts. The engine can be located both in the back and in the front (no difference). The muffler can be home-made, two-piece.

Now we mount the transmission on the rear wheels so that no backlash is formed. The drive comes with an old motorcycle engine. Wheels on the quad can be supplied from "Niva". If you need a trunk, you can weld it from thin-walled steel pipes. The bumper can be replaced by "kenguryatniki".

Control type

To keep your ATV safe in operation, you will have to take care of the type of control. Your ATV can have 2 types of controls: a steering wheel (we take the basis from the car - steering rods) and a steering wheel from a used motorcycle (lever and shaft). The steering shaft can be made from a tube with a diameter of 20 mm and a wall thickness of 2.8 mm. Place a travel stop at the lower end. Thus, at the bottom, the shaft rests on a thrust bearing, and in the middle it turns in a split nylon bracket-sleeve.

Suspension: front and rear

Your ATV can be fitted with either rear or front suspension. For the rear suspension, the following solution is suitable:

1. To make the design lightweight and simple, a gear-cardan system is needed. There is no differential in this case.

2. The structure will turn out to be very heavy if you use a road bridge (it has to be shortened). In this case, there is a differential that will be needed when driving.

For the front suspension, you can take as a basis the suspension from the "Ural" or IZH. Installing the front suspension is more time efficient - it is faster than four-wheel drive, where you need the help of professional turners, electricians, welders (some revision will be needed).

To attach the swing arms, the motorcycle frame is lengthened at the front. It must be installed so that the turning wheels do not touch the engine cylinders. Therefore, on the frame of the "Ural" the wheels are put further forward. To increase the geometric cross-country ability, the suspension arms should be as long as possible.(you need to make these yourself). To the steering column (made from the "Ural" cardan) at the bottom we weld two steering bipods next to it: on the right and left wheel. The hubs are attached by means of native ball.

When installing the A-pillar, be aware of the tilt of the rack. This will prevent the steering wheel from knocking out on bumps and will help bring the steering wheel back into place when cornering. If there is no tilt, you can fly by inertia, returning the steering wheel to the opposite position on off-road conditions will be very problematic.

All-wheel drive ATV

For an all-wheel drive ATV, you will need:

- drive from a mechanical transmission with a power take-off gearbox to the front wheels;

Wheel differentials;

Front-wheel steering (like a car);

Independent suspension (you can also multi-link) or dependent suspension.

If it is not possible to assemble everything yourself, take the suspension from the "Oka" or front-wheel drive VAZs. We cook the frame from scratch for the Oka engine. In the front suspension, we leave room for the front wheel drive reducer. You can do it yourself: we cut off the "stockings" of the bridge and remove the suitable axle shafts from the VAZ from the differential. We turn the engine backwards. Now the axle shafts have become cardan shafts that drive the front and rear axles.

The ATV is a great off-road solution. It is popular with fans of extreme recreation, fishermen, hunters and everyone who needs to get into places where the car will not pass. This type of transport is easy to operate, has excellent cross-country ability and is quite stable while driving.

Factory ATVs are quite expensive, so craftsmen choose the economy option: they make such cars themselves. Of course, this solution is not for everyone: you need not only to have golden hands and the tools necessary for work, but also to be well versed in the structure of a car, motorcycle and the ATV itself.

If you have a strong desire to make this miracle of technology yourself, you should start with planning. It is necessary to decide on the models on the basis of which the transport will be assembled, and draw up drawings for them. It is imperative to think over what tools will be needed in the process of work and make sure that they are in good condition. No matter how boring this activity may seem, nothing will come of it without preliminary preparation. If for some reason it is not possible to make a drawing on your own, you should find a ready-made version.

Next, you need the sources. An ATV is technically a cross between a car and a motorcycle. Accordingly, you will need a motorcycle and a car to make it. It is optimal to select domestic models in the secondary market, it will be inexpensive, but the quality is quite satisfactory for the construction of an ATV. It is better to use a small car such as "Oka" or "Niva". Of the motorcycles, "Ural" is very popular for such purposes, you can take "IZH".

Technology

When the drawings are ready, the sources are purchased, and the tools are waiting in the garage, you can start making a homemade ATV. The life and health of people ultimately depends on the quality of work, so you need to take your time and do everything consistently.

First you need to choose an engine and cooling system. Usually a motorcycle engine is used because it uses less gasoline and takes up less space, but you can also take a car engine. Since it can overheat in summer, it is better to take a model with air cooling, optimally forced (using a cooler).

The frame must be assembled so that the engine can be fixed on it. It will be in front or behind - it is not essential, the main thing is that it is securely fixed. There are two options here:

1. Make a new frame from scratch out of pipes. In this case, it is necessary to have equipment that allows you to bend the material.
2. Take the frame from the motorcycle as a basis, remove the excess and add the necessary.

Before making the final version of the frame, it is advisable to spot welding and check the drawings.

How to make a do-it-yourself ATV based on a finished frame?

It is necessary to remove all unnecessary from it, leaving only the frame itself. The rear part is retracted, and the pipes are built up at the front, and the bridge is welded.

Further, spare parts from the car and additional metal pipes are taken, the best option would be plumbing. To make a frame for the body, you need a 70x40 pipe. Its length should be equal to or greater than the length of the spring, and its width should be the same as that of the axle.

The cardan must be connected to the box using a rubber coupling, and to the bridge using flanges. The drive is easily done by hand using a chain from "IZH".

If you plan to install springs on shock absorbers, it is advisable to leave the rear swingarm with silent blocks.

After making the frame, it is necessary to fix the engine on it. The muffler can be used homemade.

Transmission

It must be mounted with high quality so that there is no backlash. The engine and drive can be removed from the motorcycle and the wheels can be used from the car. The trunk is easily made from thin-walled pipes.
There are two possible control options:

1. With the help of the steering wheel (in this case, the base is taken from the car).
2. With the help of the handlebars from the motorcycle. The fuel tank is taken up with the steering wheel. For a homemade steering shaft, a 20 mm pipe with 2.8 walls is suitable. There should be a limiter at the bottom.

The suspension can be made either front or rear. In the manufacture of the rear, two options are possible:

1. The rear axle of the vehicle is used. It will need to be shortened. The construction will be heavy, but there will be a differential that is useful on the trails.
2. A gear-cardan design is used. A gearbox is mounted on the rear axle, and wheels are attached to the disks. This is a lighter suspension option for a DIY ATV. It lacks a differential, but this is not critical.

The front suspension is used from the motorcycle. You can make an all-wheel drive model, but this is a much more time-consuming job, and it also requires certain skills in turning.

The pendulum arms are installed so that when the ATV wheel is turned, they will not catch the engine. If a frame from the "Ural" is used, the wheels should be moved further. Two bipods are welded to the steering column: on the left and right wheels. The front strut should be tilted.

ATV with four-wheel drive

To make it, you will need a steering system from a car, a drive from a mechanical transmission, suspension and differentials. The suspension, like the steering, can be removed from the vehicle. The frame in such cases is cooked completely "from scratch", starting from the size of the engine of the future ATV. On the front suspension, take into account the space for the gearbox for the drive.

Using the products of the automotive industry purchased on the secondary market, it is possible to assemble vehicles for rough roads and rural areas relatively inexpensively. One of the budget versions of the source is the Ural motorcycle, since it is inexpensive, has a rear-wheel drive and a four-stroke engine. Thanks to its positive aspects, it is popular.

A self-made ATV is not only a convenient and practical transport, it is a reason for pride and an opportunity to demonstrate your skills. Outwardly, it may be inferior to factory designs, but home-made ATVs are no worse in terms of their technical characteristics.

Perhaps the only drawback (not counting the time spent, since a favorite business is never a burden) is the need to involve auto experts in order to obtain documents and be able to register an ATV.

I started working on my project about a year ago. I assembled my homemade ATV mainly after work and on weekends for 2-3 hours, no more.

And now, after 11 months, all the big work was completed (there were minor improvements in the form of electrics, an ignition switch and other little things) and I decided that the prototype was already ready for testing and the first photo session.

The engine for my brainchild was a used motor from the Oka. A two-cylinder, thirty-two strong unit, according to my calculations, should have done an excellent job with a light quadric.

The basis of the ATV was the old Oka

Spatial frame, welded from steel water pipes. The upper and lower pairs of side members are made of VGP-25 pipe (25x3.2 mm) for auxiliary elements (cross members, struts, etc.), I decided to do with VGT-20 pipes.

All side members are bent on a pipe bender. I bent the lower spars in the horizontal plane, the upper ones in the vertical. I welded the mountings for the levers and shock absorbers right after the frame was made; I welded and adjusted everything else as it was assembled.

ATV drawing

The car is made according to the all-wheel drive scheme, but without a transfer case. This happened due to the fact that the Oka engine was able to unfold along the frame and direct the output shafts from the checkpoint directly to the front and rear axles. To reduce the horizontal angles of the longitudinal hinges, the power plant with the clutch and the box had to be shifted to the left (relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry).

The homemade transmission is assembled from factory units from the domestic "classics" with some modifications. For example, to increase the torque from the gearbox from the Oka, the main gear pair was removed and replaced with a chain drive. Differential locks and reduced no.

Kinematic transmission diagram

An extended gear shift rod was made, with outlets on both sides of the gearbox. It has two fixed positions - one for shifting 1-2 gears, the second 3-4 and reverse.

Cross-axle gearboxes were made from the rear axles of the VAZ. The original axles were redesigned: the axle shafts were removed and replaced by the shafts with CV joints, which I borrowed from the front-wheel drive "classic" model. By the way, I used the same CV joints in the transmission as intermediate shafts.

Management is implemented as follows. The upper part is a lever and a shaft, the lower part is with steering rods, as in a car, but with one bipod. Initially, the steering wheel was used from the Minsk motorcycle, but later it was replaced by the Ural one, due to its great strength. The steering shaft of the upper part is made of a 20x3mm tube with a travel stop at the bottom.
The lower part of the shaft is inserted into the support bearing, the middle part is fixed in the bracket-sleeve. From steel sheet 8mm I made a T-shaped bipod. The bipod ears are bent down so that they are almost parallel to the rods.

The steering shaft is inserted and welded into a 20mm hole at the edge of the rack, and tapered holes are drilled in the ears for the ends of the steering rods and reinforced with welded washers.

An ATV from a store is not a pleasure available to everyone. Therefore, many craftsmen make quadrics with their own hands. And in this article we will tell you about the most interesting ones.

In the manufacture of an ATV, everything that can be found in the garage and nearby can be useful. Each vehicle made by hand is unique and individual, therefore, it is difficult to talk about drawings and diagrams.

Few people describe in detail the process of building their offspring, which makes it extremely difficult to find specific information. But there are also exceptions.

How to make an ATV with your own hands

in 2012, the talented designer S. Pletnev shared the drawings and nuances of the construction of his brainchild.

What was used in the design of the vehicle:

• Front and rear wheels from Niva Chevrolet 15 inches
• Engine a-m Oka
• Oka gearbox
• Interwheel reduction gears from the rear axles of the VAZ "classics"
• CV joint from the car VAZ-2108, 12 pieces
• Fuel tank, 20L cans
• Support for the passenger from the Oka headrest
• Clutches from the Oka
• The steering wheel from the Ural motorcycle "
• Instrument panel from the car Oka

The main technical characteristics of the ATV:

ATV drawings:

The transmission is made of AvtoVAZ units with some modifications. For example, a chain transmission was used instead of the main pair to reduce speed and increase torque.

Interwheel reduction gears are borrowed from the classics, the axle shafts were removed and replaced with CV joints from the front drive vase. Equal velocity joints are also used in other transmission units.

Independent suspension on triangular cross levers. Shock absorbers from the Oka.

Self-made muffler of 2 sections, insulated with asbestos.

The body kit is made of fiberglass. It took 10 kg of epoxy resin, 1 kg of plasticizer and the same amount of hardener to create such a plastic. 15 meters of fiberglass and 5 meters of glass mat.

ATV body kit - fiberglass. I pasted it for the first time, and therefore first studied the recommendations for performing the relevant work. But as it turned out, this process is painstaking, although the result is worth it.

Bumpers and bumpers are welded from 20mm round tubes.

Photo of the finished ATV:

Material based on the article: http://modelist-konstruktor.com/razrabotki/853

ATV from motorcycle

This quad is made on the basis of the Ural motorcycle.

All the details in the video.

ATV with the IZH Jupiter engine. A giveaway from a motorcycle Ant.

ATV Cobra MIX

Generator, forced cooling, lowering, electric starter from a dozen, engine from a Ural motorcycle.

Video of a homemade ATV in action:

Homemade buggy "Raptor"

Homemade ATV with an Oka engine

An ATV is virtually any four-wheeled vehicle, since the Latin word for "quadro" is "four". In the CIS, this name most often means four-wheel drive, representing the symbiosis of a motorcycle and a car. From a motorcycle, the ATV took over mobility, maneuverability, lightness, speed, and from the car - excellent characteristics of cross-country ability, power and controllability. The result is a unique vehicle designed for a variety of purposes.

The domestic market provides only foreign models of ATVs, the cost of which is often transcendental. At the same time, on the secondary transport market, you can easily find used motorcycles and cars at an extremely low price.

For example, a motorcycle "Ural" - large, bulky, heavy and "gluttonous" has an excellent four-stroke engine with reverse gear and costs "a penny". For this reason, it is much cheaper and more fun for enthusiasts to create their own designs for these SUVs.

The quintessential factory ATV is shiny, neatly built, sturdy and powerful.

Its homemade cousin, which is not much inferior in appearance, and even more so in terms of power.

How to make an ATV with your own hands

Before starting the assembly, it is necessary to draw up a detailed list of units and parts that will be needed to create your own brainchild, develop a work plan and a design drawing.

Engine: the best choice

It is logical that first of all it is necessary to find the "heart" of the future "beast" - the power unit. Absolutely anything will do, from a conventional walk-behind tractor to a six-liter V12 - there are such precedents. In most cases, motorcycle engines are used - they are economical and small-sized.

To use high gear ratios under normal operating conditions, a Minsk or Ural engine will suffice. In the summer, the issue of overheating arises, so air-cooled models should be chosen. Another good option is the Soviet-made boxer engines, the indisputable advantage of which is powerful traction and a completely unpretentious cardan drive.

Suspensions: rear and front

There are two common ATV rear suspension solutions.

1. Gear-cardan system. The design turns out to be as lightweight and simple as possible, but there is no differential, which, in principle, can be sacrificed for the sake of the previously mentioned advantages.
2. Using a road bridge. The construction turns out to be extremely heavy, and if there is no desire to have an ATV with a car base, it is necessary to shorten the bridge, which is a very non-trivial task. Of the advantages, it is worth highlighting only the presence of a differential, which is useful when driving on highways.

The possibilities for front suspension and steering are tremendous. The suspension arms of an ATV carry a significantly lower load than automobile ones, respectively, they can be made independently using available tools. The best option is to create a suspension based on the existing Ural motorcycle.

Frame: drawings and alternatives

The best solution is a robust construction made of pipes or profiles welded together.

It is ideal to remove the frame from the donor motorcycle and add the necessary elements - this eliminates a number of problems, but the design can turn out to be unnecessarily complicated.

Assembling the ATV

Having prepared the necessary tools, donor vehicles and freeing up time, you can start creating your own ATV:

Thanks to its reliable, time-tested design, excellent power and traction, the Ural motorcycle is the most popular donor for homemade ATVs.

Video clip: "Wasp" 4x4

The video below describes the design of a homemade ATV, its characteristics, properties and features.

Photo review

Photos of ATVs based on domestic motorcycles and cars:

As you can see, using the outdated and inexpensive achievements of the Soviet car industry, you can create amazing devices that will amuse your vanity and satisfy most transport tasks.