07.07.2023
Steering mechanism KAMAZ 5320. We repair and adjust the power steering on a KAMAZ with our own hands
It’s hard to imagine how the truck would handle if it weren’t for the KamAZ power steering system. The operation of the parts and mechanisms of this device has become familiar to a heavy unit. The unit helps the user apply minimal force to turn the steering wheel. In addition, a number of complex functions are performed that affect the safety of the machine.
Each mechanism is subject to wear and tear, which will lead to loss of performance. Hydraulic power steering is no exception; the condition of the unit affects other components of the engine. That is why timely maintenance is important to maintain the performance of the amplifier.
The weak link in the steering is the hydraulics. The entry of air bubbles into the channels of the mechanism can stall the work and create an emergency situation. In order to respond to an emergency situation in a timely manner, an experienced user knows how to upgrade the power steering on a KamAZ and restore functionality.
KamAZ-5350:
Purpose of the hydraulic power steering
The purpose of power steering is to reduce as much as possible the user's force applied to the steering wheel. In addition, the operation of KamAZ power steering affects stability when driving at low speeds. When moving quickly, in order to avoid an emergency, the amplifier creates additional resistance on the steering wheel. This stabilizes the ride along the road and keeps it on course.
The peculiarity of power steering on a car and other models is that if the mechanism breaks down or fails, control of the car is not lost, but remains in working order. The only drawback is that the user is forced to turn the steering wheel with more force when turning vehicle.
KamAZ power steering device
An amplifier is a set of parts and mechanisms combined into a closed system. The element bases are:
- Distribution device.
Directs streams of liquid (lubricant) into the nozzles, channels and cavities of the power steering.
- Volumetric hydraulic motor of reciprocating motion of a cylindrical shape.
The product converts the pressure generated by oil into the mechanical action of pistons and rods.
- Working lubricant.
The working fluid, which is oil, is poured into the KamAZ power steering. The lubricant transmits force to the hydraulic cylinder from the pump. The material also prevents wear of surfaces, acting as a lubricant and sealant.
- Hydraulic power steering pump KamAZ-65115, etc.
The mechanism serves as a guarantor that maintains the level of constant pressure necessary for the normal functioning of the system. In addition, the pump constantly moves lubricant through the cavities and lines of the device.
- Mains and pipes.
Parts help connect and close parts, mechanisms, assemblies into one device.
- Control block.
The mechanism controls the operation of the system, analyzes and distributes efforts across work areas.
Power steering pump
The pump is considered the main device of the amplifier, since it creates pressure for the KamAZ power steering, without which operation is not possible. The mechanism is mounted in the area of the power plant frame. The pump is powered by a motor and is driven by a gear transmission. The creation of lubricant pressure in the system occurs due to the blades with which the pump is equipped. The unit performs 2 cycles of fluid intake and release per revolution of the steering wheel. You can also read about.
Principle of operation
By turning the wheels of KamAZ-5410 and others, the rotor blades perform rotational movements and are adjacent to the stator. The parts that coincide with each other form passages into which lubricant is supplied and passes further due to the resulting pressure. The formed pressure pushes the liquid through the lower valve due to the fact that the oil, at the moment the passages of the distribution disk and the surface coincide, goes beyond the products.
Power steering pump KamAZ-65116, etc.:
The oil enters the rotor blades, having previously passed through the distribution disk. Due to the pressure, the blades adhere more strongly to the stator. The inlet and injection of liquid occurs simultaneously in two directions. An increase in rotor speed prevents the passage of lubricant through a calibrated hole from the area located behind the disk. The resulting pressure acts on the bypass valve, forcing it to open. As a result of valve activation, part of the working fluid passes through the manifold and again enters the suction surface.
KamAZ power steering malfunctions
The advantage of the product is that KamAZ power steering malfunctions appear due to violations of operation and maintenance. Mechanism repair is a rare occurrence, but if breakdowns do occur, they occur at sub-zero temperatures.
Since the amplifier involves mechanics that interact between devices via hydraulics, faults are divided into:
- Mechanical type;
- Hydraulic type.
Replacing the KamAZ power steering oil seal:
Temperature changes negatively affect the hydraulics of the mechanism. Minus values make the working fluid thick, which increases the load on the oil seals and joint seals of the KamAZ-65222 vehicle, etc. The impact of increased pressure leads to oil leaks.
Violation of operating rules negatively affects the components and mechanisms of the amplifier. To extend the service life of the hydraulic booster, you need to take a competent approach to operation. So, leaving the car in the parking lot, the wheels of the vehicle are set to a level position. Otherwise, uneven load on the oil seal will lead to damage.
During the warm season, dirt and dust pose a danger. The penetration of abrasive particles into the mechanism of KamAZ and other models leads to increased friction and wear of the surfaces of parts. The impact entails depressurization of the system, wear of bushings, rods and other components.
Moisture seeps into the resulting gaps, causing rust on unprotected parts and causing increased wear. Operating the amplifier with similar problems leads to knocking in the steering rack, after which only replacing the KamAZ power steering will help. In order not to go to extremes, you need to tune the amplifier on time. The procedures performed are adjustment and pumping of the device.
Pumping the KamAZ hydraulic booster
If the mechanism has been repaired or filled with fluid, the next mandatory action is to pump the KamAZ power steering. The procedure is performed to eliminate air bubbles trapped inside the amplifier. If the air is not eliminated, the useful effect of the hydraulic control will drop sharply.
Power steering diagram of a KamAZ car:
Actions taken:
- Raise a car with a KamAZ-740 engine, or another model, so that the wheels of the car hang in the air. For this purpose, support the beams on supports.
Important!!!: If at least one wheel is on the surface, the procedure for bleeding the hydraulic power steering is not carried out.
- Dismantle the filler plug of the expansion tank neck; Remove the rubber pad from the exhaust valve. Install the rubber tube in the vacant space, dip the free edge of the product into a container with lubricant in an amount of about 1/2 liter;
- Unscrew the transfer valve one-half turn;
- Turn the steering wheel all the way to the left, pour lubricant into the expansion tank;
- Start the power plant and let it run for idle speed. At this time, with the engine running, pour lubricant into the conservator reservoir, without allowing the level to drop. Make sure that no air bubbles come out of the valve tube - close the valve;
- Alternately turn the steering wheel to the right and left. Make sure that the steering wheel remains stationary, unscrew the bypass valve 1/2 turn. Check to see if any air bubbles come out. When air does not flow, tighten the valve;
- Repeat the procedure, bleeding the power steering in a similar way as many times as required. A sign of the end of the process is the release of clean liquid from the free end of the hose without air impurities. If bubbles continue to come out, regulation is continued until the bubbles disappear completely;
- Turn off the power plant, remove the pipe, install the cap, diagnose the level of working fluid in the expansion tank, and add oil.
Design and principle of operation
In fact, power steering systems are quite complex systems that include several main components, each of which performs a specific task, and therefore must be present in the design. The “full set” of this hydraulic system looks like this:
- - power hydraulic cylinder;
- - control spool (distributor);
- - tank for working fluid;
- - pressure regulator;
- - hydraulic pump.
The essence of the work is that there is a closed cycle of liquid oil. If necessary, some of the outlets are blocked, the pressure begins to increase at certain points, and due to this, the initial force applied by the driver increases. The operating principle has already been described more specifically in another article on our website, so we will not repeat it. But it is precisely to ensure constant circulation and increase in pressure at the right moments that a pump is needed that will pump the fluid.
Most often, vane pumps are installed on Kama trucks with a capacity of about 9 liters per minute at 600 rpm and a pressure of 5500 kPa. Moreover, the pump itself has a significantly higher capacity reserve (minimum 7500 kPa). For example, the indicated figures are quite fair for NG installed on KamAZ-4310, as minimum operating values, and the upper threshold for this hydraulic unit is limited to 23 liters and 12,000 kPa, respectively. The device itself has a theoretical working volume of 20 “cubes” and weighs almost exactly 7 kilograms.
As a rule, the supercharger is installed in the camber of the cylinder block. In such a way as to organize its drive from crankshaft motor. However, on newer modifications you can see versions with an autonomous electric motor. In the classic version, the drive is gear-type, and the drive gear is fixed and secured to the central shaft with a key and a nut with a cotter pin. The shaft itself is placed in the crankcase by means of a needle and ball bearing, and the entire design is designed to relieve them from radial forces.
For one revolution of the shaft, a double suction-discharge cycle occurs. To increase performance, oil is drawn in not only through windows in the housing, but also through holes in the stator.
The lid has a combination valve that combines the functions of safety and bypass. The task of the first is to duplicate the protection of the system (there is a main safety valve) against pressure surges. The second “does” that it controls the amount of oil supplied to the system. His work looks something like this...
When the rotation speed is minimal, it is pressed by a special spring to the distribution disk, and the fluid has a free flow into the discharge cavity. As the speed increases, the flow also increases, and when it is such that excess pressure is created, the spring is compressed, the bypass valve moves and opens the drain to the tank. And the higher the flow, the larger the drain will be; accordingly, more than the established volume will not get into the discharge part anyway. If this is not enough, and the pressure continues to rise, then the safety valve will also work, also opening another drain pipe.
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
If we draw some parallels, then the same power supply system of the KamAZ 740 engine, with all its reliability, has a much greater chance of failure than the power steering system. The simplicity of the design of the hydraulic booster and accompanying components guarantees minimal wear and fairly high durability. In addition, it also provides additional elements, like the same collector, whose task is to prevent excessive wear of parts.
But in general, the main thing in this matter is correct and timely maintenance. That is, it is highly advisable to replace the fluid in a timely manner, monitor the condition of the seals and seals, and at the first “whistle” of the drive belt, replace it so that the system works “like a clock.” Many refer to very serious climatic and operational features, they say, taking them into account, you need to seriously think about the correspondence between the estimated operating time and the real time before the first repair, and then only talk about the competence of the car owner.
This is partly true, but still, no matter how much you complain about the roads and the weather, main problem hydraulic booster systems can safely be considered the negligence of drivers. Eg:
- .If you let the viscosity of the working fluid increase excessively in winter, get ready for the fact that the KamAZ power steering pump, which is honestly working off advances, will create such pressure that it will squeeze out the seals
- If you forgot to align your wheels when parked overnight in winter, expect the same result, but even more serious problems are possible. The fact is that in this case the liquid will not just thicken, but will thicken unevenly due to a shift to one side
- If you think that replacing the fluid if the system is well sealed is not necessary - get ready for surprises. As already mentioned, the power steering pump is a responsible thing and loves its job, but it is not at all interested in the fact that even the highest quality and most expensive oil still thickens over time. What does excessive thickness of the working fluid lead to, see above
And also dust, dirt, rust, excessive wear of spare parts... in general, apart from the possibility of a defect or an accident due to someone else’s fault, then all system malfunctions are yours own hands case!
But regardless of the reason, the result will be the same - you will have to urgently buy an assembled hydraulic pump of the corresponding model or components for it, and possibly mating units. And their modern price is not always pleasing. True, if you are going to buy any KamAZ spare parts at the Spetsmash trading house, then neither the cost nor compliance with technological standards will worry you. All our products are High Quality, and at the lowest possible prices. And if it so happens that your car “wants treatment,” then come in - we will help in any way we can!
You can contact us to clarify the information you are interested in and fill out an application for purchase using the indicated telephone numbers, via email and the form on the online store website. We work with both cash and non-cash transactions; deferment is provided by prior arrangement. Delivery of purchases within Russia is provided transport companies and our cars, delivery to about a hundred cities is free. Wholesalers and regular customers receive discounts and other pleasant bonuses.
Pump device
1 1/07970/01 Cotter pin 4x30
2 5320-3407217 Pump roller
3 853803 Segment key 5x7.5x19
4 5320-3407341 Filter bottom
5 5320-3407429 Sealing cuff for pump filter
6 5320-3407765 Lower filter plate
7 5320-3407359 Pump filter element assembly
8 5320-3407763 Pump filter plate
9 53212-3407361 Pump filter pipe
10 1/34012/76 Retaining ring 24
11 1/05194/01 Flat washer 6x12x1.5
12 1/09026/21 Bolt
13 5320-3407328 Filler filter assembly
14 5320-3407350 Tank filler plug assembly
15 864218 O-ring
16 1/26470/01 Flat washer 8.45x25x2.5
17 1/60439/21 Bolt M8-6gх35
18 864000 Safety valve for pressure 0.12-0.24 kg/cm2
19 53212-3407400 Tank cover assembly
20 5320-3407413 Gasket sealing tank cover
21 5320-3407363 Filter spring
22 5320-3407435 Pump manifold
23 5320-3407439 Pump manifold gasket
24 5320-3407211 Pump housing
25 5320-3407251 Pump blade
27 5320-3407441 Tank tube
28 853634 Flat washer
29 5320-3407322-10 Tank return fitting
30 5320-3407437-01 Sealing gasket
31 1/05168/77 Spring washer 10
32 853043 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx90
33 5320-3407213 Pump cover
34 864843 Sealing seat
35 853041 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx70
36 1/05168/77 Spring washer 10
37 864712 Ball B 4.0-60
38 5320-3407281 Bypass valve spring
39 5320-3407277 Safety valve seat
40 853646 Adjusting washer, 0.7 mm thick
41 853645 Adjusting washer 10.2x14x0.5
42 864712 Ball B 4.0-60
43 5320-3407275 Spring guide
44 5320-3407272 Safety valve spring
45 53212-3407271 Bypass spool
46 864217 O-ring
47 5320-3407255 Distribution disk
48 5320-3407253 Pump stator
49 5320-3407220 Oil removal ring
50 853041 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx70
51 5320-3407248 Pump rotor
52 853757 Pin 5x43
53 864713 Bearing 6-305
54 862806 Ring B 62 GOST 13943-68
55 5320-3407240 Power steering pump drive gear
56 1/35507/01 Flat washer 16x30
57 853536 Nut M16x1.5-6N
58 864712 Ball B 4.0-60
59 864714 Needle bearing
60 864121 Cuff 24x46 assembled
61 740.1308131 Ring B47
KamAZ EURO pump design
![](https://i0.wp.com/kspecmash.ru/upload/medialibrary/154/154aee286de15f499a39249b66002d70.gif)
1 53212-3407200 Power steering pump assembly
2 853889 Traffic jam
3 1/05304/50 Rivet 2x6.37
4 130-3903183-04 Table 40x20
5 53212-3407212 Cover assembly
6 5320-3407437-01 Sealing gasket
7 5320-3407255 Distribution disk
8 864217 O-ring
9 5320-3407253 Pump stator
10 853757 Pin 5x43
10 853757 Pin 5x43
11 853883-01 Transport plug
12 53212-3407338 Pump filter assembly
13 5320-3407413 Gasket sealing tank cover
14 53212-3407400 Tank cover assembly
15 864000 Safety valve for pressure 0.12-0.24 kg/cm2
16 864218 O-ring
17 1/26470/01 Flat washer 8.45x25x2.5
18 1/60439/21 Bolt M8-6gх35
19 5320-3407328 Filler filter assembly
20 5320-3407350 Tank filler plug assembly
21 5320-3407441 Tank tube
22 1/09026/21 Bolt M6-6gх25
23 1/05194/01 Flat washer 6x12x1.5
24 5320-3407435 Pump manifold
25 5320-3407439 Pump manifold gasket
26 5320-3407300-01 Pump reservoir assembly
27 5320-3407220 Oil removal ring
28 864713 Bearing 6-305
29 862806 Ring B 62 GOST 13943-68
30 853803 Segment key 5x7.5x19
31 5320-3407240 Power steering pump drive gear
32 1/35507/01 Flat washer 16x30
33 853536 Nut M16x1.5-6N
34 1/07970/01 Cotter pin 4x30
35 5320-3407217 Pump roller
36 740.1308131 Ring B47
37 864121 Cuff 24x46 assembled
38 864122 Cuff body
39 864124 Cuff spring
40 154901E Needle bearing
40 464714 Needle bearing 154901E
41 5320-3407211 Pump housing
42 5320-3407248 Pump rotor
43 5320-3407251 Pump blade
44 1/05168/77 Spring washer 10
45 853043 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx90
46 853041 Bolt M10x1.25-6gx70
, Power steering Kamaz- hydraulic system, part of the car that makes up the steering mechanism. Power steering is useful because it reduces the effort when interacting with the steering wheel, as well as when driving a car, it also eliminates shocks on uneven roads, and controls movement if something happens to the tires, for example, they are damaged.
Kamaz power steering or power steering consists of different elements, each of which performs its own functions:
Electrical unit- regulates the operation of the hydraulic booster electronically.
Working fluid - acts as a pressure transmitter to the hydraulic cylinder from the pump, and also lubricates elements, in particular friction pairs.
Connecting hoses- serve to connect the pump, hydraulic cylinder, and distributor together.
Hydraulic cylinder- consists of a rod, as well as a chrome-plated piston. The pressure that the fluid creates is converted into energy that pushes the piston.
Distributor- distributes liquid throughout the hydraulic system, throughout all its cavities.
Kamaz power steering pump- pumps fluid and circulates it throughout the hydraulic system. The so-called heart of the hydraulic system.
It must be remembered that checking and adjusting the Kamaz power steering is possible only under one condition - when the engine is turned off, as well as when the steering rod (longitudinal) is also turned off.
Checking and adjusting Kamaz power steering:
Steering wheel- you need to measure the force on the steering wheel itself
Wheels- you need to check what pressure the air creates in the wheel, as well as what kind of balancing the wheels have, you also need to check whether there is lubrication in the steering system.
Oil- you need to open the pump reservoir where the oil is located, and look for the presence of air, there should not be any air in the system, and the oil should not leak or leak, you need to eliminate all oil leaks, look at the oil for contamination with mechanical particles, and see if there is sediment , both on the pump filter and on the barrel itself - it shouldn’t be there.
Steering rods- view the bearings on the wheel hubs, also view all the steering rods, see how the shock absorbers work.
If you monitor the power steering system, carry out maintenance on it, operate it in normal conditions, then the Kamaz power steering device can work for a very long time and reliably.
What malfunctions can occur in Kamaz power steering?
1. Power steering started losing oil from the hydraulic system.
2. The steering wheel no longer turns easily in one direction and the other, it began to turn hard.
3. There are extraneous noises or loud noises when the pump is running.
4. The steering wheel turns quickly, and the steering mechanism itself is slow or difficult to respond.
5. They started transmitting to the steering wheel some shocks or the steering wheel began to rotate and oscillate.
6. It became difficult to hold the steering wheel when you go straight.
7. The steering wheel began to lag, on its return stroke.
To produce power steering repair, you need to carry out a full diagnosis, and only after that proceed with repairs. The first step is to look at the pressure in the steering system when the steering wheel is in one extreme position and the other, you should also look at what maximum pressure the pump receives and what its fluid flow is.
If you see that some the part is worn out, then you need to replace it, just buy a new one. If the hydraulic booster is in the car, then you will not be able to repair it because it needs to be removed and then repaired. It's worth remembering that do-it-yourself repair this is fraught with consequences, so complete or partial disassembly should be carried out by specialists, in specialized enterprises that carry out repairs, like our Hydro Special Market.
How to change oil in power steering Kamaz
To change the power steering oil, you need to bleed it; this action will remove air from the system. Air should not be left in the system.
1. First required on the steering gear open the valve, it is also called a bypass valve.
2. After this compress the centering springs. This can be done by turning the steering wheel to the left all the way.
3. Fill the pump with oil
4. The power apparatus must be turned on, and at this time you add oil slowly and gradually, and see if air bubbles come out of the hose. If the bubbles stop coming, it means enough.
5. Screw the valve back(bypass valve)
6. Again compress the centering springs, only now you need to turn the steering wheel to the right to the limit, and the springs should compress, and immediately return it back to the left all the way, twist the bypass valve again to see if any air bubbles are released. After all the air has come out, the valve can be screwed back on.
7. Do the action from the previous point until all the air comes out, but only oil will flow from the valve.
Number on the diagram | Designation |
1 | Steering wheel |
2 | Hydraulic Filter Safety Valve Spring |
3 | Filter |
4 | Power steering pump |
5 | Bypass valve |
6 | Bipod shaft with gear sector |
7 | Rear power steering cavity |
8 | Piston-rack |
9 | Bipod |
10 | Longitudinal thrust |
11 | Lateral thrust |
12 | Car front wheel |
13 | Magnetic plug |
14 | Ball nut |
15 | Screw |
16 | Steering gear housing |
17 | Check valve |
18 | Safety valve on steering gear |
19 | Power steering valve |
20 | Spool |
21 | Thrust bearing |
22 | Jet plunger |
23 | Centering spring |
24 | Angular reducer |
25 | Power steering front cavity |
26 | Discharge line |
27 | Cardan shaft |
28 | Radiator |
29 | Steering column |
30 | Filling filter |
31 | Power steering pump reservoir |
32 | Drain line |
33 | Bypass valve spring |
34 | Safety valve on the pump |
35 | Bypass valve |
A, B | Throttling holes |
I | Drive straight or neutral |
II | Turn right |
III | Turn left |
How to assemble or disassemble the power steering power steering KAMAZ 4310 - Assembly diagram of the power steering power steering KAMAZ 4310
Steering control assembly 4310-3400020 - Steering mechanism 53212-3400020
Number on the diagram | Designation | Catalog number |
1 | Bolt M8-6gх30 | 853354 |
2 | Spring washer 8 | 1/05166/73 |
3 | Front cover | 4310-3401079 |
4 | Ring sealing | 864201 |
5 | Ring sealing | 864201 |
6 | Nut M25x1.5-6N | 853512 |
7 | Spring washer | 5320-3401373 |
8 | Nut M10x1.25-6N | 1/21647/21 |
9 | Spring washer 10 | 1/05168/73 |
10 | Thrust bearing | 864650 |
11 | Thrust bearing | 864650 |
12 | Steering mechanism assembly | 4310-3400020 |
13 | Angular gearbox assembly | 4310-3401710 |
14 | Steering bipod | 4310-3401090 |
15 | Washer | 853631 |
16 | screw | 853567 |
17 | Blank ball | 64707 |
18 | Bolt M10x1.25-6gx30 | 1/13069/21 |
19 | Spring washer 10 | 1/05168/73 |
20 | Nut M14x1.5-6N OST 37.001.197-75 | 251648 |
21 | Side cover | 4310-3401083 |
22 | Sealing cuff | 4310-3401029 |
23 | Ring sealing | 864206 |
24 | Steering gear sealing ring | 864203 |
25 | Sleeve | 5320-3401791 |
26 | Ring sealing | 864204 |
27 | Resistant ring | 862803 |
28 | Adjusting washer | 5320-3401140 |
29 | Adjusting washer (453471205) | 5320-3401141 |
30 | Adjusting washer | 5320-3401142 |
31 | Washer | 5320-3401144 |
32 | Adjustment screw | 5320-3401163 |
33 | Thrust washer | 5320-3401176 |
34 | Bipod shaft | 4310-3401065 |
35 | Bipod shaft sealing collar | 4310-3401029-10 |
36 | Thrust washer for bipod shaft sealing collar | 4310-3401789 |
37 | Steering gear housing | 4310-3401015 |
38 | 864207 | |
39 | Steering gear sealing ring | 864207 |
40 | Bypass valve | 5320-3401371 |
41 | Valve cap | 5320-3401377 |
42 | Rear steering housing cover | 4310-3401529 |
43 | Spring washer 10 | 1/05168/73 |
44 | Bolt M10x1.25-6gx30 | 1/13069/21 |
45 | Crankcase bushing | 4310-3401076 |
46 | Bipod shaft cuff assembly | 864190 |
47 | Resistant ring | 864194 |
48 | Outer cuff of shaft seal assembly | 4310-3401030 |
49 | Blank ball | 864707 |
50 | Magnetic plug assembly | 2101-2401046 |
51 | Set screw | 4310-3401417 |
52 | Rack-piston | 4310-3401411 |
53 | Ball nut | 5320-3401038 |
54 | Blank ball | 864707 |
55 | Ball nut groove | 5320-3401179 |
56 | O-ring for piston rack | 4310-3401415 |
57 | Spacer ring | 864208 |
Repair GUR KamAZ 5320- Diagram of the Kamaz 5320 steering column - Diagram of the power steering 5320
- In a vice, you need to firmly secure the steering mechanism with a built-in hydraulic booster, and set the bipod shaft to the middle position.
- Next you need to remove the side cover, which is attached to the nut and bolts with washers. The cover is usually removed from the bipod shaft.
- After this, you need to pull out the O-rings and cuff. To do this, you need to hold the shaft a little, unscrew the screw, and remove the cover.
- You can't just remove the retaining ring. To do this, you need pliers that are designed specifically for such operations, their catalog number is I-801.23.000
- After the retaining ring, you must first remove the washers, and then the O-rings.
- To remove the O-ring and cover, you need to unscrew the bolts and remove them from the front cover along with the fastening washers.
- To prevent balls from falling out of the ball nut, you need to protect the shaft so that it does not turn, fix it in such a way that it does not move. This refers to the drive gear shaft on the bevel gear.
- The shaft is also fixed so as not to break the antennae on the washer, and so that the threads on the screw do not fail or become damaged, or the screw itself does not catch the wedge.
- Next, we roll up the nut and begin to remove the washer, then the bearing (the very first one).
- The bolts, washers and nuts on the power steering control valve mount should also be removed.
- Be careful not to let the jet plungers fall out of the control valve.
Disassembling the Kamaz power steering pump. What is inside?
- The bearing (second) needs to be removed from the screw, and the control valve, completely assembled, needs to be removed from the screw.
- After the previous manipulations, we need to remove the O-rings from the gearbox, from its channels high pressure.
- To remove the bevel gear assembly with screw and piston rack, you need to unscrew the bolts and washers, as well as the nuts.
How to remove the set screws - a special device (device). Also suitable for pressing out ball nuts.
- To install a piston-rack, as well as a screw with a spacer ring, in a vice, they need to be pulled out or removed from the bevel gear.
- The picture above shows a tool used to remove the screws and press out the ball nut.
- After this, you need to hold the grooves so that they do not fall out, twist the screw from the piston.
- Prepare some kind of bowl for the balls. We take out the grooves and turn the screw so that the balls fall out. The total number of balls is thirty-one (31). In the same bowl with balls we put a ball nut and a screw. If you put them in different containers, this set may become disjointed and you simply won’t be able to put it back together.
- After the previous step, you need to remove the floating bushing.
- Remove the sealing ring.
- Remove the retaining ring.
- The drain plug is twisted off the crankcase.
- The complete bypass valve is unscrewed from the crankcase, after the drain plug.
- Remove the thrust ring.
- Remove the cuffs.
- Press out the bushing.
- Filming back cover with a ring (sealing), having previously unscrewed the bolts and washers from the back cover.
Repairing the KAMAZ steering pump and how to bleed the power steering
- The angular gearbox also needs to be secured in a vice.
- The screws and washers are removed from the fastening on the gear (drive) housing cover.
- After this, remove the protective cap and then remove the lid.
- Next, remove the drive gear and the complete housing, but before that you need to remove the thrust ring, as well as the O-ring, as well as the cuff.
- To remove the sealing ring from the housing, as well as pull out the gear and bearing from there, you must first tighten the nut.
- Next comes the second bearing; it is pressed out of the housing.
- After this, we take a puller and press the bearing out of the gear shaft.
To remove thrust cover, we need a special key, it is shown in the picture above. To begin with, we remove the seal ring, then press out the complete gear (driven) together with all the bearings, after which remove the thrust ring. The bearings need to be pressed off the gear shaft; this can be done using a puller. be careful with the fact that the gears cannot be disassembled, neither the driving nor the driven.
Jet plungers must be removed from the control valve body. The check valve with spool and reaction springs is also removed from there.
Remember what is required marking jet plungers marker or corrector, because they are not dismantled, because the spool and, accordingly, the plungers are selected specifically for the holes on the valve body.
If you need to replace any parts or clean them, then you need disassemble and check valve.
To extract ball, you need to manipulate the extension and bending of the cotter pin.
After the parts have been removed, they need to be blast with air under pressure, and wash thoroughly.
Defective parts. How to reject parts. Rejection of Kamaz parts.
If you see that on needle bearings there is wear or any dimples or holes, then it all goes in the trash.
If you see that on rings, there are also some mechanical flaws on their working surfaces, this can also be thrown out and replaced with a new one.
If you see that on bearings If the rings are difficult to turn, they also need to be replaced. The axial clearance should not exceed 0.3 mm. You can determine it with a probe.
You need to look carefully at steering gear housing, because he can also be thrown into marriage. This can be determined if cracks, breaks begin to appear on it, it is warped, or the holes on it begin to wear out by more than 105.05 mm (if we are talking about a piston rack) or up to 58.04 mm (if we are talking about a bushing). If you see that there are burrs on the cylinder mirror, they can be repaired using mechanical processing.
If on piston-rack, on work surface teeth, you see chips, chipping, breaks, cracks, or wear on the outer diameter of more than 104 mm or wear of the groove up to 93.45 mm, then all this is also rejected. If the thread suddenly breaks, it can not be rejected, but repaired or restored.
If on Vale bipod or you also find chips, chipping, breaks, cracks or visible wear on the surfaces of the teeth, then it is also rejected. To check this, the wear along the outer diameter must be no less than 57.92 mm, and the groove for the seal ring must be no more than 1.85 mm in width.
A. If on steering screw you will see broken parts, cracks, dents from balls, or the surface has become bulging, but the screw needs to be locked.
a. Ditches must be no more than 5.5 mm
b. May still wear out splines. The width must be no less than 5.95 mm
c. Seal ring grooves should be no more than 2.5 mm
d. Outside diameter necks must be no less than 29.9 mm
B. If thread worn out or torn, it can be restored.
If on housing on bevel gear If there are any breaks, the holes for the bearings are worn out by more than 80.05 mm, there are cracks, then it can be thrown out or sent for rejection. If the threads are worn or broken, they can be repaired.
If on drive gear there are breaks, breaks, cavities on the teeth, cracks, or the teeth are worn out, if the shaft journals on the outside of the diameter of the larger journal are not less than 25.0 mm and at least 21.97 mm, or if the splines are twisted, then it is rejected.
If on driven gear there are breaks, breaks, cavities on the teeth, cracks, or the teeth are worn out; if the shaft has worn out at least 50.007 mm in outside diameter and the spline cavities are more than 6.08 mm in width, then it is rejected.
If on thrust nut If there are breaks, breaks, or cracks, if the width of the groove is more than 2.3 mm, then it can be rejected. If the thread is broken, it can be restored.
If on floating bushing there are breaks, breaks, cracks, or the diameter has increased to 30.043 mm, then it must be rejected.
If on the body power steering valve there are breaks, breaks, cracks, the surface has been lifted ( A, C) - in the figure above, or the edge has begun to collapse ( B), then the valve body can be rejected. Replacing the valve seat is used if the surface has become oval or nicks have appeared ( H). The figure shows the threads ( D, E, F), if they are torn off, they can be restored.
If on valve spool If the power steering is broken, chipped, cracked, or the surface is bulging, then it can be rejected.
If it's broken needle on safety valve, or is bent, or there are some extra particles on it, or the surface has begun to wear unevenly, then it can be rejected.
Power steering 4310 adjusting the bipod shaft and correct installation of the bipod
Assembling the power steering steering mechanism KamAZ 4310, KamAZ 5320, and any other KamAZ
When is it produced? steering gear assembly into the check valve (its body), then put a ball there and install the cotter pin. According to the size of the outer surface, the tips of the cotter pin are bent into the groove of the housing ring. Also, be careful, the cotter pin cannot be reused, and the ends bent from it cannot protrude.
Spool must be inserted into the control valve body, with a groove towards the bevel gear. When the spool moves, its movements should be as smooth as possible, there should be no stops or jams. Check valve, springs and plungers are inserted into the holes of the control valve (which are blind). In the holes that are through, you need to insert springs with plungers, 2 pieces each. You need to look at the marks on the plungers, and find their chamfers, the outer side, and move along the marks on the outer side as slowly as possible.
O-ring you need to put the adjustment screw on it. You need to find a socket on the valve body, put a spring there, as well as a needle, and tighten the adjusting screw, screw the nut on top.
driven gear. A bearing must be installed and pressed onto this gear, then a bushing, then another bearing, using a groove on the outside of the race, and a ring (thrust) is installed in this groove. The entire gear assembly is placed in the gearbox housing. The sealing ring is placed on the cover (thrust), the cover is screwed onto the gear housing until it stops, pressing the edge on the shoulder of the housing on the gearbox into the cover, or rather into its slot. The bearing should be pressed into the gear (drive) housing. Next, these actions occur with the second bearing, they are pressed into the housing, and a sealing ring is installed.
Need to check how the gear moves. She should walk with ease. This is checked by tightening the nut. There should also be no movement along the axis, and after making sure of this, press the collar on the nut into the gear shaft, into its groove.
IN drive gear You need to press a cuff onto the cover of its body, and then a washer and a thrust ring.
Gaskets It is also necessary to install it on the upper flange in the gearbox housing; after the gaskets, install the gear (drive), in full assembly, the cover from its housing, also in full assembly, and adjust the gearing on the gears.
To adjust the side clearance on the gears, in their engagements, you need to select gaskets. The thickness of the gaskets should not exceed 0.05 mm, no less than 3 pcs. Between a pair of teeth, the side gap should be no more than 0.1 mm. The way to check the contact patch is to see where it is located. It should be exactly in the middle of the tooth. The torque with which the gear rotates should be no more than 49 N×cm or 5 kgf×m. After adjusting the gearing on the gears, you need to put on the cover, attach it with three bolts and washers, put on an O-ring, and a cap for protection.
After the cuff and bushing have been pressed into the crankcase itself, you can install ring (thrust). The washer must be installed on the opposite side of the crankcase, the cuff must be pressed, and a sealing ring must be inserted into the groove of the cover. The screw itself requires a sealing ring, a retaining ring, a nut, and a bushing. We take the ball nut, look at its chamfer, and install it towards the screw groove. And the bushing needs to be placed against the screw slots, with its flat side.
Power steering
KamAZ-5320 car
Rice. 1. General diagram of KamAZ 5320 with overall dimensions.
Technical characteristics of KamAZ-5320
Operating data |
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Wheel formula | |
Weight of transported cargo or mounted | |
Load on fifth wheel coupling, kg | |
Weight of the equipped vehicle, kg | |
Gross vehicle weight, kg | |
Determination of the weight of the equipped vehicle on the road, kg | |
Well, for a vehicle gross weight, kg: | |
Maximum speed (depending on the final drive ratio), km/h | |
Climbing angle, % not less | |
Control fuel consumption per 100 km when driving with full load and speed 60 km/h, l: | |
Cruising range based on control fuel consumption, km: | |
Acceleration time to 60 km/h of vehicle gross weight, sec. Not | |
Braking distance with full load when driving at a speed of 60 km/h to a complete stop, m, when using the service brake | |
braking system from a speed of 40 km/h: | |
External overall turning radius R of the vehicle along the front buffer, m | |
Fuel tank capacity, l: | |
Disc wheels | |
Tires |
10.00 R20 |
1) Purpose and types of preventive maintenance system (TO) road transport.
IN Russian Federation A planned preventative system for vehicle maintenance and repair has been adopted, the main provisions of which are formulated and enshrined in the “Regulations on the maintenance of rolling stock of road transport”. This Regulation provides a list of the provided types of maintenance and repair and operations for them, provides standards for mileage between repairs, labor intensity for performing various types of work, standards for downtime in maintenance,
correction factors for various standards (K1 - K5) depending on specific operating conditions, etc.
The essence of the planned preventative system is the forced scheduled placement of vehicles that have passed the standard mileage into the appropriate type of maintenance in order to prevent increased wear and tear and restore the lost functionality of components, assemblies and systems. The regulation provides:
1.-Daily maintenance of the SW
Maintenance TO-1
Maintenance TO-2
Seasonal maintenance
Current repairs of TR
Major repairs of the Kyrgyz Republic
These types of services differ from each other in the list and labor intensity of the operations performed, and, of course, in frequency, the standards of which are given in table form.
Daily Maintenance (DC) includes. carrying out a control inspection (primarily on components, mechanisms and systems that affect traffic safety), cleaning and washing operations (carried out as needed, taking into account sanitary and aesthetic requirements and operating conditions) and refueling work (refilling the engine oil,
Types of car |
Maintenance frequency, km |
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Cars Freight Buses |
coolant, tire inflation, etc.) Note. Car washing, including a thorough wash of the underside and engine, is also carried out before placing the car in the queue. Maintenance or current repairs. Maintenance No. 1 (TO-1) is intended to maintain vehicles in technically good condition, identify and prevent failures and malfunctions, as well as reduce the wear rate of parts, assemblies and mechanisms by carrying out an established set of works: control inspection and diagnostic;. fastening and adjusting; lubricating and cleaning; electrical, fittings and other types of work.
The labor intensity of work on TO-1 is small - for passenger cars on average 2.5-4.5 man-hours, for freight - 2.5-6.5 man-hours, depending on the class and load capacity. That is, the established labor intensity, for example, of 3.2 man-hours means that
One worker must complete the entire approved list of operations and scope of work on the vehicle in 3.2 hours. But, given that car maintenance is usually carried out not only by workers of various specialties, often on production lines consisting of 3-4 specialists, the downtime of the car on each is sometimes only 5-10 minutes. It is quite natural that in such a short period of time it is possible
carry out only simple adjustment work, eliminate various leaks (leaks), carry out fastening work, etc. From the point of view possible repairs it is permissible to replace, if necessary, fastening parts and individual
easily accessible parts and elements (for example, light bulbs, drive belts etc.).
Taking into account the above, and the insignificant downtime, TO-1 will be escorted according to the Regulations during inter-shift time, i.e. the car will not be taken out of service that day.
Maintenance No. 2. (TO-2) has the same purpose as TO-1, but is carried out to a greater extent, with an in-depth check of the vehicle’s performance parameters (and not only in order to identify various malfunctions, but also to determine the possible mileage without carrying out routine repairs during further operation of the vehicle), as well as eliminating detected faults by replacing faulty easily accessible parts and even assemblies (only replacement of the main units is not allowed.
Moreover, the replacement of parts and assemblies is not considered maintenance - this process during TO-2 is called collateral repair (SR). Additional labor intensity is allocated to it and, accordingly, the number of workers required to carry it out increases. The labor intensity allocated for carrying out maintenance-2 is already significantly higher and averages 10-15 man-hours. for passenger cars and 10-20 man-hours for trucks and buses; to carry out this amount of work, vehicles, on the day of maintenance-2, are removed from service on the line for a period of up to one day. During this time, the vehicle must be prepared according to its technical condition in such a way that its reliable, trouble-free operation on the line is guaranteed, if possible without being placed for routine repairs until the next maintenance-2.
Note. when major faults are identified that cannot be eliminated during work during TO-1 or TO-2 (even by carrying out related repairs during TO-2), documentation is immediately drawn up to place the vehicle under routine repair, for example, for repair or replacement main components of the car, including the engine, gearbox, axles, etc.
Seasonal maintenance (SO) - is carried out twice a year, in spring and autumn, and is intended to prepare the car for operation, taking into account upcoming changes in climatic conditions.
It is usually combined with the next TO-2 and is performed at the same posts by the same workers, however, an increase in standard labor intensity is provided in connection with additional operations.
In some ATPs, when combining CO with TO-2, at least once a year they carry out work on an even larger scale, with the forced removal of various components from the vehicle, in order to thoroughly check them on stands and instruments, service and routine repairs in the corresponding auxiliary workshops (engine, unit, carburetor).
2) Purpose, design and operation of the KAMAZ 5320 hydraulic booster.
Steering The car (Fig. 2) is equipped with a hydraulic booster 12, combined in one unit with a steering mechanism, a hydraulic booster control valve and an angular gearbox 13.
Rice. 2 Steering: 1- power steering control valve; 2-radiator; 3-cardan shaft; 4-column; 5-steering wheel, 6-hydraulic system reservoir; 7-power steering pump; 8-high pressure pipeline; 9-low pressure pipeline; 10-bipod; 11 - longitudinal thrust; 12-hydraulic power steering; 13-angle gearbox
Power steering reduces the force that must be applied to the steering wheel to turn the front wheels, softens shocks transmitted from road unevenness, and also improves driving safety by allowing you to maintain control over the direction of the vehicle in the event of a front wheel tire burst.
The steering column (Fig. 3) is attached at the top to a bracket installed on the interior panel of the cabin, and at the bottom to a flange on the cabin floor. The column is connected to the steering mechanism by a cardan shaft.
Column shaft 1 rotates in two ball bearings 4. The axial clearance in the bearings is adjusted with a nut 8.
The cardan shaft (Fig. 3) is equipped with two hinges on needle bearings 4, into which Litol-24 lubricant is placed during assembly.
The bearings do not require replenishment of lubricant during operation.
Rubber rings 5 are used to prevent dirt and moisture from entering the articulated joint. The sliding spline joint of the cardan shaft makes it possible to change the distance between the hinges when tilting the cab and serves to compensate for inaccuracies in the installation of the cab.
with the steering column relative to the frame with the steering mechanism, as well as their mutual movements.
Before assembly, 28-32 g of Litol-24 lubricant is placed into the bushing. the slots are covered with a thin layer of it. To retain the lubricant and protect the connection from contamination, a rubber seal and a thrust ring 9, pressed by the holder 7, are used.
The propeller shaft forks are attached to the column shaft and the drive gear shaft of the angular gearbox with wedges, which are tightened with nuts and spring washers. For additional insurance against loss of nuts, cotter pins are installed.
An angular gearbox with two bevel gears transmits rotation from the propeller shaft to the steering screw
mechanism. The drive gear 7 of the angular gearbox is made together with the shaft 1 and is installed in the housing 4 on ball 5 and needle bearings 3.
Fig.3. Angular gearbox.
1-drive gear; 2-cuff; 3-body cover; 4-drive gear housing; 5, 7 and 10 ball bearings; 6-adjusting shims; 8, 15 and 19 O-rings; 9-circlip;11-driven gear; 12-stop cover: 13-gearbox housing; 14-spacer sleeve; 16-nut for fastening bearings; 17-washer; 18-thrust ring; 20-protective cover
The ball bearing is pressed onto the gear shaft and is held from axial movement by nut 20. To prevent spontaneous unscrewing, the nut flange is pressed into the groove on the gear shaft. To sample the technological gap, ensure reliable fixation of the gear in the housing and, therefore, maintain the correct engagement of the gear pair, a spring washer 16 is used, installed between the thrust washer 17 and the ball bearing 5. The drive gear is held from falling out of the housing 4 by a spring thrust ring 18, inserted into the inner housing groove.
Rice. 4 Steering mechanism with built-in hydraulic booster:
1- front cover; 2- power steering control valve; 3, 28-circlips; 4 - floating bushing; 5, 7-o-rings; 6. 8-spacer rings; 9-set screw; 10 - bipod shaft: 11 - bypass valve; 12-protective cap: 13-back cover; 14-steering gear housing; 15- piston-rack; 16-drain magnetic plug; 17-screw: 18-ball nut; 19-gutter; 20-ball; 21 - angular gearbox; 22-thrust roller bearing: 23-spring washer; 24, 26-nuts; 25-adjusting screw; 27-side cover; 29-adjusting washer; 30-thrust washer
Driven gear 11 rotates in two ball bearings 10, mounted on the gear shank with interference. The driven gear is held against longitudinal displacement by a retaining ring. 9 and retaining lid 12. The engagement of bevel gears is adjusted with shims 6, installed between the housings of the drive gear and the angular gearbox. The steering mechanism with built-in hydraulic booster is attached to the front bracket of the front left spring. The bracket, in turn, is fixed to the car frame. Carter 14 of the steering mechanism, in which the piston-rack moves, also serves as the working cylinder of the hydraulic booster.
The steering gear screw 17 has a ground screw groove. The same groove is ground in nut 18 and two holes are drilled. The holes are connected by an oblique groove milled on the outer surface of the nut.
Rice. 5 . Angular gearbox.
1-drive gear shaft; 2-cuff; 3-needle bearing.
Nick; 4-drive gear housing; 5, 10-ball bearings; 6-adjusting shims; 7 drive gear; 8. 19-o-rings; 9, 23-circlips; 11-driven gear; 12-stop cover; 13-gearbox housing; 14, 20-ram" bearing mountings; 15-lock washer; 16-spring washer; 17-thrust washer; 18-ring; 21 - outer cuff; 22 - washer
Two identical grooves 19 of a semicircular cross-section, installed in the mentioned holes and groove, form a bypass channel through which the balls 20, rolling out from the screw channel formed by the threads of the screw and nut, again enter it.
To prevent balls from falling out of the screw channel
outwards in each groove there is a tongue that fits into the helical groove of the screw and causes the balls to change the direction of their movement.
The number of balls circulating in a closed screw channel is 31. Eight of them are located in the bypass channel.
The helical groove on the screw in its middle zone is made in such a way that a slight interference is formed between the screw, nut and balls. This is necessary to ensure gap-free mating of parts in this area.
When moving the nut, due to the fact that the depth of the groove on the screw from the middle to the ends increases slightly, a small gap appears in the mating of the screw and the nut. This design ensures greater durability of the screw-nut pair and improves vehicle motion stabilization. In addition, loosening the seat of the ball nut on the screw to the edges of its screw groove makes it easier to select the balls and assemble the ball screw.
After assembling the nut with the screw and balls, it is installed in the piston-rack 15 and fixed with two setscrews 9, which are cored into the annular groove made on the piston-rack. The latter engages with the toothed sector of the bipod shaft 10. The bipod shaft rotates in the bronze crankcase bushing and cover 27.
The thickness of the bipod shaft sector teeth is variable along the length, which allows you to change the gap in
engagement by moving the adjusting screw 25 screwed into the side cover. The head of the adjusting screw, which rests on the thrust washer 30, fits into the socket of the bipod shaft. The axial movement of the adjusting screw in the bipod shaft, equal to 0.02-0.08 mm, is ensured by selecting an adjusting washer 29 of the appropriate thickness. Parts 25, 29, 30 are held in the seat of the bipod shaft by a retaining ring 28. The middle cavity between the teeth of the rack, which engages with the middle tooth of the gear sector of the bipod shaft, is made slightly smaller in width than the rest. This is necessary to prevent the mechanism from jamming when turning the bipod shaft. On the part of the steering gear screw located in the cavity of the angular gearbox housing, splines are cut with which the screw mates with the driven gear of the angular transmission.
The power steering control valve (Fig. 6) is attached to the bevel gear housing using a bolt and four studs. The valve body 9 has a central hole made with great precision and six (three through and three blind) smaller holes located around it. The control valve spool 7 is located in the central hole, and the thrust bearings are secured to the screw with a nut 24, the shoulder of which is pressed into the groove of the screw 17.
Rice. 6 Power steering control valve:
1-Plunger; 2, 6.-Springs; 3, 11.-Safety valves;
4.-Cork; 5.-Check valve; 7.-Zolotnik; 8- Jet plunger;
9-Valve body; 10- O-ring.
A conical spring washer 23 is placed under the nut, making it possible to regulate the tightening force of the thrust bearings. The concave side of the washer is directed towards the bearing. The large roller bearing rings face the spool.
The power steering operates as follows: when moving in a straight line, screw 15 and spool 20 are in the middle position. The discharge lines 26 and drain 32, as well as both cavities 7 and 25 are connected. Oil passes freely from pump 4 through control valve 19 and returns to reservoir 31 of the hydraulic system.
When the screw rotates, due to the resistance that arises when turning the wheels 12, a force arises that tends to move the screw in the axial direction in the corresponding direction. When this force exceeds the pre-compression force of the centering springs 23, the screw moves and displaces the spool rigidly connected to it. In this case, one cavity of the hydraulic booster cylinder communicates with the discharge line and is disconnected from the drain line, the other, on the contrary, remaining connected to the drain line, is disconnected from the discharge line. The working fluid supplied from the pump to the corresponding cavity of the cylinder exerts pressure on the piston-rack 8 and, creating additional force on the sector of the shaft 6 of the steering bipod, contributes to the rotation of the steered wheels. The pressure in the working cavity of the cylinder increases in proportion to the resistance to wheel rotation. At the same time, the pressure in the cavities under the reaction plungers 22 increases. The greater the resistance to rotation of the wheels, and therefore the higher the pressure in the working cavity of the cylinder, the greater the force with which the spool tends to return to the middle position, as well as the force on the steering wheel. This creates a “feeling of the road” for the driver.
When the steering wheel stops turning, if it is held by the driver in the turned position, the spool, under the action of centering springs and increasing pressure in the reaction cavities, moves to the middle position. In this case, the spool does not reach the middle position. The size of the gap for the passage of oil into the return line becomes such that in the cavity of the cylinder, which is under pressure, the pressure necessary to hold the steered wheels in the rotated position is maintained. If front wheel When the car moves in a straight line, it begins to turn sharply, for example, due to hitting some obstacle on the road, then the bipod shaft, turning, will move the piston-rack. Since the screw cannot rotate (while holding the steering wheel in one position), it will also move axially along with the spool. In this case, the cylinder cavity, into which the piston-rack moves, will be connected to the pump discharge line and separated from the return line.
The pressure in this cylinder cavity will begin to increase, and the blow will be balanced (softened) by the increasing pressure.
The screw, nut, balls, thrust bearings, as well as the angular gear, propeller shaft and steering column are loaded with relatively small forces during power steering operation.
At the same time, the gearing of the steering mechanism, the bipod shaft and the crankcase perceive the main force created by the oil pressure on the piston-rack.
Attention! Operation with an inoperative hydraulic system leads to premature wear or failure of the ball pair and other loaded parts. Driving with the power steering inoperative should be kept to a minimum.
The power steering pump with an oil reservoir (Fig. 7) is installed in the camber of the cylinder block. The drive gear 1 is fixed on the pump shaft 5 with a key 6 and secured with a nut 2 with a cotter pin 3. In the pump rotor 38, located inside the stator 37 at the splined end of the pump shaft, there are ten grooves in which the plates 35 move.
During assembly, the stator, on one side, is pressed against the precisely machined end of the pump housing 40, and on the other, the distribution disk 34 is adjacent to the stator. The position of the stator relative to the housing and the distribution disk is fixed with pins. When the pump shaft rotates, the plates are pressed against the curved surface of the stator under the action of centrifugal force and oil pressure entering the space under them from the cavity of the pump cover through channels in the distribution disk. Between the plates and the stationary surfaces of the pump, chambers of variable volume are formed, which, passing by the suction zones, are filled with oil. To fill the chambers more completely, oil is supplied both from the side of the pump housing (through two windows) and from the side of the recesses in the distribution disk through six holes made in the stator and located in threes opposite the suction windows.
As the inter-blade volume decreases, oil is forced out through channels in the distribution disk into the cavity of the pump cover, which communicates through calibrated hole A with the discharge line.
In areas of the stator surface with a constant radius (between the suction and discharge zones), the volume of the chambers does not change. These areas are necessary to ensure minimal oil flow between these areas.
To avoid “locking” the oil, which would prevent the movement of the plates, the space under them is connected through additional small channels in the distribution disk with a cavity in the pump cover 29. The pump shaft rotates in a housing on 12 needle and 8 ball bearings.
The pump is equipped with a combination valve 33 located in the cover, which includes a safety valve and a bypass valve. The first of them is an additional (backup) safety valve in the hydraulic system. It is adjustable to a pressure of 85-90 kgf/cm2. The second limits the amount of oil entering the system. At minimum engine speed, the valve is pressed by a spring 30 to the camshaft. Oil from the cavity in the pump cover through calibrated hole A enters the channel connecting to the discharge line. The cavity under the valve, where the spring 30 is located, communicates with this channel through a small diameter hole B. With an increase in the rotation speed of the engine crankshaft, due to the resistance of hole A, a pressure difference is formed in the cavity of the cover (in front of the valve) and the pump discharge channel (behind the valve). The greater the pressure drop, the more oil passes per unit time through this hole and does not depend on the pressure value. Excess pressure in the cover cavity, acting on the left end of the bypass valve, overcomes the resistance of the spring. At a certain pressure difference, the force tending to move the valve increases so much that the spring is compressed and the valve, moving to the right, opens the exit of some of the oil from the cavity of the lid into the tank. The more oil the pump supplies, the more of it is bypassed through the valve back into the reservoir. Thus, there is almost no increase in the oil supply to the system above a given limit.
Rice. 7. Power steering pump:
1-drive gear: 2-gear fastening nut; 3-pin: 4, 15-washers; 5-shaft pump; 6 --segment key; 7, 10-thrust rings; 8-ball bearing; 9-oil stripper ring; 11- cuff; 12-needle bearing; 13-filler cap; 14-fill filter; 16 - bolt; 17, 36, 39 - sealing rings; 18-filter pipe; 19-safety valve; 20-tank cover with spring; 21, 28-sealing gaskets; 22-tank pump; 23-filter element; 24-collector; 25-tube tank; 26-fitting; 27-manifold gasket; 29- pump cover; 30-bypass valve spring; 31-safety valve seat; 32- adjusting washers; 33-bypass valve assembled with a safety valve; 34-disc; 35-plate pump; 37-stator; 38-rotor; 40-pump housing; A, B - throttling holes; B-discharge cavity; G-radial holes; 1-from the system; 2-into the system.
The operation of the bypass valve when the safety valve built into it is triggered is carried out in a similar way. When the ball valve opens, it allows a small flow of oil into the reservoir through the radial holes in the bypass valve. In this case, the pressure on the right end of the bypass valve drops, since the oil flow through the ball valve is limited by hole B.
3) The influence of operational factors on technical condition hydraulic booster KAMAZ-5320. Types of wear and loads perceived by the device.
During the operation of the technical State vehicles is continuously deteriorating, and the service life of individual components and assemblies is different. They are largely determined by the perfection of the designs, the quality of workmanship, the operating materials used, road and climatic conditions, the organization of vehicle maintenance and storage.
Influence of road conditions. The resistance to vehicle movement depends on the type of road surface and its longitudinal profile. Motion resistance determines the work expended on moving the car, and, consequently, fuel consumption and the rate of wear of its parts.
The evenness (unevenness) of the road surface affects the energy consumed by the car to absorb shocks and vibrations of the body when driving, as well as additional resistance to movement. Unevenness of the road surface increases the wear rate of suspension parts, increases fuel consumption, reduces the safety of transported goods and the speed of the vehicle.
Influence of operating modes. There are operating modes: constant, variable, optimal and forced.
Constant mode is possible with uniform motion car on a horizontal section of the road. At the same time, the wear rate of rubbing parts and fuel consumption are reduced, all other things being equal.
Variable driving mode occurs during repeated acceleration and deceleration of the vehicle, with frequent changes in road resistance and traffic conditions, which is most typical for heavy urban traffic. This increases the wear rate and fuel consumption under comparable conditions.
Optimal mode – while ensuring optimal traffic safety, allows you to comply with operational fuel consumption standards. IN optimal mode engine wear and tear on the vehicle's mechanisms are also within the durability standard.
Checking and adjusting the backlash of the KAMAZ power steering must be carried out when the engine is turned off. The steering linkage should also be disengaged. Actions taken during this process:
- wheel balancing and air pressure levels inside the wheels are checked;
- steering rods, wheel bearings are inspected, shock absorbers are checked;
- the oil content inside the pump reservoir is checked - the presence of air is unacceptable, oil leaks and sediment are also not allowed.
How to check KAMAZ power steering
First, it is necessary to evaluate the condition of the wheel balancing, the air pressure inside the tires, the adjustment of the wheel bearings, and the functioning of the shock absorbers.
Be sure to check the oil content inside the pump reservoir. You need to make sure that there is no air or dirt inside. The absence of oil leaks is also checked.
The force of the steering wheel is measured by a dynamometer attached to the wheel rim in three options relative to the position of the latter:
- When the steering wheel is turned more than two turns compared to the middle position, the force on it should be from 5.9 to 15.7 newtons. In this situation, the engagement with the ball screw is located in a position that is close to the extreme, with almost complete exclusion of friction, and the magnitude of the force is determined mainly through the friction moment of the bearings for the stop and the power steering seals. When the wheel rim force does not match the specified value, this indicates that the screw bearings are incorrectly (too tightly or too loosely) tightened or indicates damage to the ball nut. If the tightening is insufficient, the vehicle's directional stability deteriorates, and if it is over-tightened, in addition to damaging the ball nut, the steering mechanism jams.
- When the said wheel is turned three-quarters of a turn from its center position, the force must not exceed 22.6 and not be less than 19.6 newtons. In this position, friction occurs in the ball screw and is caused by preload. In the case when the force deviates from the above figures, damage to this pair can be stated.
- When this wheel located in the middle position, the force on it should be 3.9-5.9 newtons higher than the force that is obtained if measured in the 2nd position described above, but should also not exceed 21.8 newtons. In such a situation, the power steering engagement adjustment is checked. When the force is insufficient compared to the above value, the engagement gap exceeds permissible level, and when it exceeds this value, this indicates that the clutch is too tight, which leads, among many reasons, to an unsatisfactory independent return of the wheels to the middle position. When the forces in the above positions do not correspond to the described values, the hydraulic booster should be adjusted.
Adjusting pressure in KAMAZ power steering
It is necessary to begin this operation by determining the force in the 3rd of the above positions. Using the adjusting screw, you need to bring the force back to normal. When this screw rotates in a clockwise direction, the force increases and vice versa.
To adjust the force in the 1st position, it is necessary to partially disassemble the steering mechanism to tighten or loosen the nut used to secure the bearings. To eliminate the factors causing the force to not correspond to the norm in the 2nd position, it is necessary to completely disassemble the power steering.
When checking the pressure in the power steering in the section of the pressure line located between the steering mechanism and the pump, you should use a device that includes a pressure gauge whose scale reaches 9810 kPa, as well as a valve that stops the flow of oil to the power steering.
When checking the pressure, you need to open the valve, then turn the steering wheel to the stop position and apply at least 98.1 Newtons to it. The oil pressure when the crankshaft rotates at 600 rpm must be a minimum of 7355 kPa.
When the oil pressure is less than 7355 kPa, slowly close the valve while monitoring the level of pressure increase using a pressure gauge. When the pump is in good condition, it should increase to a minimum of 8336 kPa.