New buses made in Russia. Liaz - likinsky bus plant

(LIAZ) for many years has been a leader in the production of buses of an especially large and large class. The line of the enterprise includes more than a dozen models of public transport, including trolleybuses. In 2005, the organization became part of the GAZ Group of Companies, which made it possible to re-equip the production base and set up the assembly of world-class equipment.

Experienced Wood Chemical

The beginning of the 30s for Soviet Union became a very stressful time. Having recovered from the consequences of the civil war, the USSR with all its might rushed to catch up with the Western countries. The primary tasks were the building up of industrial potential, the development and implementation of advanced technologies.

In 1933, near Moscow (in the village of Likino-Dulyovo), on the site of the future LIAZ plant, it was decided to create an experimental enterprise - the Wood Chemical Plant. At its site, it was planned to develop new technologies for the USSR for the processing and use of wood: fiberboard, chipboard, lignoston bars, insulation boards, etc. However, the construction was delayed. Only by the fall of 1937 were the main buildings built and equipment installed. The first products were wooden rail pads for the Moscow Metro.

War

Before the plant had time to gain momentum, the Great Patriotic War began. Within a few months, the fascist troops reached Moscow. The question arose about the evacuation of the enterprise. The equipment was dismantled and redeployed to the Chelyabinsk region under the bombing. However, soon the enemy was driven back from the capital, and the trains returned home.

Through heroic efforts, mainly women and adolescents (most of the men fought), the work of the plant was restored. Already in February 1942, the production of wooden products for aircraft, balls for obtaining gunpowder and other products began. For their selfless work, the employees of the team were repeatedly awarded medals, orders and commemorative signs.

From wood to machinery

When most of the USSR was liberated, the government faced no less serious task than the defeat of the enemy - the restoration of the country from the ruins. The first step was to significantly increase the production of building materials, the most accessible of which was wood. And to increase the rate of harvesting, mechanisms and equipment were needed.

In 1944, the Timber Chemical Experimental Plant, taking into account its profile and experience of employees, was reconstructed into the Likinsky Machine-Building Plant (LIMZ). His specialization was the production of machines and units for the logging and woodworking industries: sleeper cutters, mobile power plants, skid winches, motor vehicles, electric saws, spare parts for KT-12 tractors and ZIS vehicles. Also, the enterprise organized the repair of complex diesel engines.

Buses to be

The 50s were marked by the rapid growth of the automotive industry. As cities expanded, the lack of public transport became more acute. This problem was especially urgent for the largest metropolitan area in the country - Moscow. In the late 50s, a decision was made to create a LIAZ bus plant on the basis of LIMZ. The enterprise was located near the capital, and the qualifications of the workers made it possible to organize the production of complex equipment.

In 1958, the reconstruction of the plant began for the production of city passenger buses ZIL-158. The Firstborn rolled off the assembly line on January 10, 1959. This model was produced until 1970 inclusive. For 11 years, 62,290 machines have been manufactured at LIAZ.

From copying to own development

LIAZ developed rapidly. If in 1959 the plant workers produced 213 units of vehicles, then in 1963 5419 buses were assembled. By the end of the 60s, the production capacity was over 7000 vehicles.

However, the team aimed at more - to create their own model, superior in characteristics to the reliable, but outdated ZIL. Having gained some experience, engineers and designers have developed an improved version of the large roomy city bus LIAZ-677. The prototype was released in 1962, and after a series of tests and modifications, the first batch was released in 1967.

The model turned out to be extremely successful. In 1972, at the autumn Leipzig Fair, she was awarded the Gold Medal, becoming an example for other enterprises of the socialist bloc. It was produced in various versions and modifications until the mid-90s: excursion, urban, suburban, in the northern version, with gas equipment, in a special version (mobile television station). By the end of 1994, 194,356 units had been manufactured.

Thus, LIAZ-677 became one of the most massive models in the country and was widely used both on the territory of the USSR and abroad. For labor achievements, the collective in 1976 received a well-deserved award - the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Development

Having released an excellent product, the plant workers were not going to rest on their laurels. In the early 80s, a new model was developed - LIAZ-5256. However, for its production it was necessary to carry out technical re-equipment of the LIAZ plant. Reconstruction began in 1985 and lasted until 1991.

Initially, the 5256th model was assembled in an experimental workshop in small batches. In 1985, 14 machines were manufactured. During this time, the main shortcomings were identified and eliminated before the model went into large-scale production. In March 1991, LIAZ-5256 entered the updated main conveyor, becoming the main model of the enterprise.

Hard times

It is surprising that even during the dramatic years of the Second World War, the enterprise suspended its work for only a few months. But at the end of the 20th century, in an era of technological progress and incredible opportunities, the LIAZ plant found itself on the verge of an abyss. After the collapse of the USSR, relations with suppliers of components and customers of finished products, represented by municipalities, were broken. The new government had no time for buses. The situation was aggravated by a fire at the site for the production of KAMAZ engines, and power units were no longer supplied to Likino. In 1997, LIAZ was declared bankrupt, and external management was introduced.

Fortunately, in 2000 the Ruspromavto auto holding took over the production patronage, and five years later the enterprise became a part of the GAZ group of companies. This made it possible to restore and modernize technological equipment. And at the same time, to start producing modern, economical and environmentally friendly buses of a new generation.

Products

Today LiAZ produces 20 leading models and about 60 modifications. In 2012, the first electric bus LIAZ-6274 was produced as an alternative to large-class buses with gasoline, diesel and gas engines. The machine is developed on the basis of the LIAZ-5292 low-floor bus, operates on lithium-ion batteries and is intended for urban transportation. For several years, trolleybuses were produced on the basis of LIAZ. Today the company is ready to manufacture them to order.

2013 was the year of new products:

• Together with partners, a low-floor bus of the European level LIAZ-529230 was manufactured. By the way, 30 vehicles of this series were used to service the Sochi Olympic Games in 2014.
• The first suburban low-floor vehicle with a MAN engine is created.
• For the first time, a Russian YMZ engine was installed on the LIAZ-529260 low-floor bus.
• The new design and interior of the bus of the future has been developed. Among the improvements are new front and rear masks, panoramic glazing, LED headlights, aerodynamic mirrors, curved, ergonomic handrails, for the first time in Russia, self-leveling floor technology was used.

In 2014, a new modification of the large-class bus LIAZ-529260 with a length of 10.5 m was created. A year later, a promising 9.5-meter model of the middle class saw the light of day. The factory workers were proud of the comfortable ultra-modern tourist and intercity buses of the Cruise and Voyage series. According to the corporate policy of the company, in the future new models will be produced under a single GAZ brand, regardless of the place of production, be it in Likino, Pavlov, or Kurgan.

LIAZ plant: reviews

In terms of employee feedback, the company is a desirable place to work. After joining the GAZ Group of Companies and the subsequent modernization, the conditions for employment have improved markedly. Salaries have increased, all employees are provided with a significant social package.

The partners are also satisfied with the activities of the plant: whether they are suppliers of components or customers. LIAZ pays for contracts on time, avoiding debts. And its products meet the highest standards of quality, convenience and economy. By the way, all currently produced buses are equipped with motors of ecological classes Euro-4, Euro-5, and some modifications - the promising Euro-6 standard.

Where is the LIAZ plant located?

The production facilities of the enterprise are located in a large one in the east of the Moscow region. Administratively it belongs to the Orekhovo-Zuevsky municipal district. The plant is a city-forming plant.

The address of the LIAZ plant: 142600, Russian Federation, the city of Likino-Dulyovo, Kalinina street, 1.

History of the LiAZ enterprise.

In August 1933, in the small town of Likino-Dulyovo, in the Moscow region, the Forestry Plant for the Improvement of Wood (LOZD) was launched. This event is considered the beginning of the history of the Likinsky Bus Plant (LiAZ).

Already in 1935, the plant produced: pressed wood and products from it, lignoston bars, insulating boards.

In 1945, the plant was reborn and, having received new modern equipment, changed its profile and was renamed, receiving the name "Likinsky Machine-Building Plant" (LiMZ). He produced a wide range of products: mobile power plants, electric saws, railroad cars, sleepers. By 1946, the company employed more than 1,100 employees.

In 1958, a government decision was made to redesign the enterprise again. The plant was given the name "Likinsky Bus Plant" and since then its specialization has become the production of buses.

The assembly of passenger buses began in January 1959. The first model released from this manufacturer was the LiAZ-158. In just ten years, the enterprise produced 50,000 units of this model. At the same time, the designers were developing new models.

In the late fifties and sixties, housing construction developed at giant strides in the Soviet Union. New neighborhoods in cities grew like mushrooms after rain. The population in the cities grew rapidly. These circumstances led to the need to develop large-capacity city buses. This is how the famous LiAZ-667 model appeared, the development of which began in 1962. And in the spring of 1968, buses of this brand were put into mass production. For 25 years of production of this model, about two hundred thousand units saw the light.

Chronology of events in the second half of the 20th century.

In 1975, the production reached its design capacity of 10,000 buses per year, and the staff employed 7,837 people.

In 1976, the plant, in accordance with the decree of the Government of the USSR, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The enterprise successfully continued its activity, and in 1978 the modernized "LiAZ - 667M" was presented.

In 1985, the enterprise carried out a lot of work on the reconstruction and modernization of the enterprise, which was aimed at mastering a new bus model "LiAZ - 5256", which was developed at the factory design bureau in the late 70s, early 80s.

In 1988 - the beginning of continuous production of the LiAZ 5256 model, which became the main one for the enterprise in the nineties.

In August 1994, the production of the famous all over the country buses "LiAZ-677" was discontinued.

In the mid-nineties, very difficult times came for the company, as a result of which production in 1996 was completely stopped. The plant turned out to be a debtor to both its personnel for salaries and to the state (in the form of taxes). As a result, in 1997, the company was officially declared bankrupt and transferred to external management.

Nevertheless, in these difficult times, the enterprise was able to retain its territory, buildings and equipment.

Some time later, after the reorganization, already under the guise of "Likinsky bus", the enterprise resumed its work.

2000 to 2004 it is part of the RusAvtoProm concern.

In 2005, it is already an integral part of the GAZ automotive group.

At this time, the designers of the plant are developing and launching into production such new models as low-floor buses "LiAZ-5293" and "LiAZ-5292", articulated city bus of increased capacity "LiAZ-6212", suburban "LiAZ-5256 R".

In addition, on the basis of previously created buses, trolleybuses are produced: "LiAZ-52802", "LiAZ-5280", "LiAZ-52803".

Today "Likinsky bus" is the largest modern enterprise in Russia, which owns advanced highly developed technologies for the creation of large city buses and ensures the production of products that fully comply with all applicable European standards.

In the Moscow region, there are many enterprises that manufacture products of various types. Not the least important place in the list of manufacturing complexes of the region is occupied by enterprises producing vehicles, one of the largest and most famous of which is the Likinsky Bus Plant (LiAZ), located in the city of Likino-Dulyovo.

The history of the creation of the Likinsky bus plant dates back to 1937 - at that time a forestry complex for the improvement of wood began to operate in the village. Eight years later, the car company was renamed and began to specialize in the construction of machines and plants for the woodworking industry. In 1958, the current LiAZ, whose website can be found on the Internet, was reconstructed for the production of passenger buses; it was then that the company got its real name.

Throughout its existence, the Likinsky Bus Plant "LiAZ" has been continuously developing, increasing its capacity and expanding the range of products. The enterprise has repeatedly received high awards in major competitions.

The products of the Likinsky Bus Plant, the official website of which provides complete information about it, meets the highest environmental requirements, as well as the established safety and comfort standards. In recent years, the GAZ Group, which includes the enterprise, has carried out its total modernization and introduced new equipment.

"LiAZ": products
Likinsky Bus Plant exports vehicles to various cities of Russia, and is also a supplier of new generation equipment for the capital and St. Petersburg.

The bus plant "LiAZ" in different years of its existence has also produced several prototypes of articulated buses and trolleybuses; in 2012, an electric bus rolled off the assembly line. At different times, the plant also produced mobile video salons, mobile computer centers and various modifications of trolley buses.

The history of the establishment of the plant goes back to 1933, when it was decided to build the LOZOD Wood Chemical Experimental Plant for the improvement of wood. In 1935 the plant produced: insulation boards, lignoston bars, pressed wood and wood products. Since 1945, the plant became known as the Likinsky Machine-Building Plant (LiMZ) and produced: electric saws, sleepers, locomotives, winches, mobile power plants. In 1946, the plant employed more than 1,100 people.

LiAZ-158
Since 1959, the plant begins assembling passenger buses ZIL 158 and becomes the Likinsky Bus Plant (LiAZ). The annual production was 213 buses in 1959, 5419 units in 1963, 7045 units in 1969. At the same time, the development and testing of a new, improved large city bus was carried out.

LiAZ-677

It was LiAZ-677. An experimental batch of which was made in 1967. For 25 years, more than 200,000 LiAZ-677 buses and its modifications have been manufactured: city, northern, sightseeing, suburban, gas-cylinder, mobile television station. In autumn 1972, the LiAZ-677 bus received the Gold Medal and the First Degree Diploma at the Leipzig International Fair. In 1975, the production was brought to a design capacity of 10,000 buses per year. In 1976, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the plant was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

LiAZ-677M

In 1978, LiAZ-677 was modified and received the designation LiAZ-677M. The changes mainly affected the exterior trim of the body and interior equipment. In particular, the lighting devices of the rear panel began to be assembled in a combination and acquired a rectangular shape, bumpers, ventilation hatches on the roof appeared. Later - in the late 1980s - LiAZ-677M will receive upper marker lights and side direction indicators of a rectangular shape.

LiAZ-5256
1982 the beginning of the development of a project for the technical re-equipment of the LiAZ plant for the production of LiAZ-5256 buses. In 1985, the beginning of technical re-equipment; at the same time, the production of buses in small batches was started in the small batch workshop. Serial production of large city buses LiAZ-5256 began in 1990.

"LiAZ-5256 is a bus with a difficult fate. The car, created at the Lviv Experimental Institute, at first could not get out of the category of small-scale. Then the KamAZ engine plant burned down, and the bus was left without a" heart. " sell cars to cities without providing service. The already undermined reputation of the bus finally collapsed after a terrible accident in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Investigation showed that the disaster was due to design errors ... not only a completely collapsed plant, but also a car from which customers ran like hell from incense ... Much has changed since then. "The current buses differ even from those that were produced two years ago, like heaven and earth," they say on LiAZ "(http://www.autoreview.ru).

After restyling, the LiAZ-5256 bus underwent very noticeable external and internal changes. Outwardly, this is a completely European bus. Internally, the content is consistent with international standards. The aggregate base of the bus is from the world leaders in the production of components. The interior now also looks much more modern. Special anti-vandal seats, high-quality plastic in the design of interior elements, new lighting and a number of other improvements - such a bus will really decorate the streets of our cities.

LiAZ-5256 (suburban)
A large class bus (11400x2500x3007 mm) is designed for operation on the routes of "near" and "distant" suburbs, equipped with soft adjustable / unregulated or standard city seats.

LiAZ-5256 "School"
Specially for the order of the Moscow government, OJSC "Likinsky bus" made a modification of the bus for transporting children. Thanks to the quick start of the assembly line, this model is available for all regions of our country.

LiAZ-5256 "Disabled"
Modification of the LiAZ-5256 bus for transporting people with disabilities of the musculoskeletal system. This car is the first large class bus that offers a solution to the problem of bus and passenger transportation for disabled people in our country.

LiAZ-5292
The new low-floor bus (12000x2500x2800 mm) is designed for large cities with heavy passenger traffic. The appearance of the bus is in line with the trends of modern auto design. Low level floor (the floor height above the road level is 340 mm), wide passenger doors (3/1282 m) provide convenient embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, which significantly reduces the time spent on the route.

LiAZ-6212
The city bus of an especially large class (17640x2500x3007 mm) is based on LiAZ-5256. The bus is intended for urban transport in large metropolitan areas with heavy passenger traffic.

LiAZ-6213
The first domestic low-floor articulated machine. LiAZ-6213 is a fundamentally new bus for large cities of Russia. The bus has the optimal combination price quality. The cost of LiAZ-6213 is 2.5 times lower than its western counterparts.

LiAZ-62xx
(experimental industrial sample)
Development of the Likinsky Bus Plant - a 3-axle city bus (15 meters long). The bus can be used both on urban and suburban routes. The high quality of the aggregate base and the body resource of 12 years provide a total resource of 1 million km. According to the results of the MIMS-2004 exhibition, the LiAZ-62XX bus received the jury's prize in the "Best City Bus" nomination.

Photos used

In the 30s of the twentieth century in the city of Likino-Dulyovo, a plant was built that produced wood-laminated plastics, from which aircraft were built, bearing liners, linings for metro rails, and many others were cut out. pr. At the end of the war, the plant was transformed into a machine-building plant for the repair of diesel engines, the manufacture of mobile power plants, locomotives. In 1958, the plant became a bus plant. The ZIL-158 model was produced, but already in 1962 the first LiAZ-677 appeared, which later became a legend in the automotive industry: about 200 thousand cars were assembled, this is the most massive model of a large class bus in the world.
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In the difficult 1990s, production stopped, people did not receive salaries, the press already reported that LiAZ was no longer there. The preservation of the main capacities and the revival of the plant is a feat of the labor collective. Now LiAZ is again the flagship of the industry, it, along with 17 other enterprises in Russia and abroad, is part of the GAZ Group, which is the country's largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles and has adopted a development strategy for the period up to 2012, the purpose of which is to provide consumers of complex solutions to transport problems. LiAZ employs 3200 people, about 3000 buses roll off the assembly line in a year, it is planned to increase output to 4300 in the next four years. New models created at the plant, starting in 2002, invariably receive the highest awards of the Moscow International Auto Show.

LiAZ offers consumers all kinds of buses of a large and especially large class: city and suburban, tourist, single and articulated, gas, school, northern, disabled. Low-floor models 5292 and 6213 are in greatest demand. All bodies are chemically treated in eight huge baths, which gives a guarantee against corrosion for 12 years. Only three other companies in Europe have similar technology for buses. At the request of customers, domestic or imported engines of the Kamsky and Yaroslavl automobile plants, or imported Caterpillar, Cummins, MAN, different gearboxes, are installed, and in general the buyer has the right to choose any options, from the main units to the painting of the bus. Even requests for cars that the plant did not make before are being fulfilled - for example, a school bus in the northern version was designed and the batch was produced in less than two months! At the end of 2007, the production of trolleybuses was mastered. In 2008, a sample of a bus with a hybrid power unit(two engines - diesel and electric).

The funds allocated for social support of personnel and for further improvement of sanitary and living conditions are calculated in millions. Employees are awarded according to the results of labor competition, there are payments for anniversaries, for holidays, the enterprise partially covers the costs of transporting employees from their place of residence to the plant and back. Summer vacations for Liaz residents were organized on the Black Sea coast, as well as their children in health camps. This is how the fundamental principle of the production system of the Likinsky Bus Plant is fulfilled: "People are the most valuable asset of the enterprise."