Why don't the gears engage when the engine is running? The main malfunctions of the mechanical box and the difficult engagement of gears In the running state, the grant transfers are not stuck.

The gearbox is a rather complex unit that requires proper attention and diagnostics. Today, the problem of poor gear shifting is relevant for many vehicles, so it is important to understand how the unit is diagnosed and repaired. From this material you will find out why the first gear turns on poorly, what is the reason for this and how you can turn on the first speed if necessary.

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What are the reasons for the interruptions?

The gearbox is not only one of the most difficult, but also one of the most basic units in any vehicle. The causes of malfunctions due to which the first gear engages tightly can be associated with both improper use of the unit and driving on poor road surfaces. In any case, if you do not know why the speed turns on poorly, then this indicates a certain breakdown of the unit itself.

It should be noted that a similar problem often occurs with older cars that are bought hand-held, and not in car dealerships. Therefore, if you have purchased a used car, then you should not even be surprised at such a problem, especially since such malfunctions will appear in any car sooner or later. In addition, if you try to turn on the speed and this happens, but very badly and with great difficulty, then the unit selector may eventually stop responding to any commands from the motorist altogether. Naturally, not every driver will be able to constantly start driving from second speed, so it is important to understand the reasons why the first gear is hardly engaged.

Below is a list of breakdowns, as a result of which the gear lever will not shift gears well:

1. The problem is - the mechanism turns on poorly, the shutdown is incomplete. Often such a problem occurs in domestically produced cars and in most cases it is due to the fact that the mechanical clutch cable flies from the attachment point. In fact, it is not particularly difficult to identify this - if the cable breaks, the pedal will be sunk into the floor and will not move. This, as you understand, is directly related to the operation of the clutch, and not the gearbox.
2. There was a breakdown in the operation of the control rod of the gearshift mechanism. Then not only the first, but also the rear, as well as the rest of the speeds will turn on badly.
3. Breakdown of the jet thrust of the unit.
4. For unknown reasons, the fastening bolts located on the garnish or the selector of the gearbox mode selection rod have loosened. The problem is solved by tightening the bolts.
5. The gear change drive was incorrectly adjusted.
6. Plastic elements in the transmission control drive are out of order or have worked out their service life.
7. The rocker was poorly adjusted. As you know, the purpose of the rocker is very important in the connection between the gearbox and the gear selector, so incorrect adjustment may well be the cause of the problem. In addition, plastic bushings could wear out or fail on this link.
8. Failure of synchronizers can also be called one of the most common failures in gearboxes. Unit synchronizers are brass bushings required for easier switching between unit modes. Since brass itself is a soft material, it can wear out and wear during the operation of the vehicle. To correctly diagnose the state of the synchronizers, you should pay attention to the operation of the gearbox - if a grinding or unpleasant sound appears when shifting gears, then the problem is in them. Moreover, this sound will appear constantly when you try to turn on the first gear. In the event that only sound appears, but the gearbox selector turns on in one mode or another without problems, then a malfunction will arise soon.
9. Failure of the gearbox bearings. Such a malfunction does not occur so often, one might even say that it is rare, but any motorist can still encounter it. If you own a car with a manual transmission, then the bearings could jam in it, as a result of which the shaft stops rotating along the trajectory. In such cases, it is difficult to engage the first gear, at other speeds the problem usually does not appear.
10. The box shaft is out of order. The shaft of the unit is usually not subject to operational wear or very heavy loads, but the malfunction can be caused by a factory defect. In the event that even not very big mistakes were made in production, then the shaft may well break. If this is the case, then the problem of turning on the first speed may only be the beginning of a big breakdown that you have to face. As practice shows, often in such cases the unit itself breaks down completely.
11. The problem of clutch breakage is relevant for owners of cars with an automatic transmission. There are times when, with incorrect functioning of the clutches, when the first speed is turned on, a jolt occurs, but then everything works fine. The malfunction is solved only by replacing the clutches.

You, as a motorist, need to understand that a breakdown of the unit shaft or bearings cannot be diagnosed at home. Only experience and equipment will help to understand this reason. Accordingly, if problems arise with the inclusion of the first speed, it is advisable to immediately contact a professional.

How to turn on the first gear without harm to the box?

Often, inexperienced motorists, turning on the gearbox selector from second speed to first, may notice how some difficulties appear, in particular, how hard it is to engage the first gear. In such cases, the novice driver often tries to engage the speed using force, simply by driving the selector into the desired position. In no case should this be done, since such actions can be fraught.

Actually, noticing such a flaw in the manual transmission, motorists have developed a rule - the first speed should be turned on only in order to get under way. In all other cases, the second, third and fourth gears are included. Especially often experienced motorists use this rule, but we want to say from ourselves that this is, in principle, wrong.

Any auto instructor will tell you that the choice of speed should be based on the driving speed and engine speed. In principle, it is even possible to park normally only at first speed. If you try to park at second speed, you will have to maneuver very quickly, and in such cases a strong load will affect the grip. Actually, as well as on the gearbox unit itself. Accordingly, you must learn one simple rule for yourself - you can turn on the first gear while driving only if the speed is low and the crankshaft speed is low.

Gearbox theory

Every motorist who understands the structure of the gearbox knows that all modern cars with a manual transmission are equipped with synchronizers. This element is one of the important components of the unit. The purpose of the synchronizers is to equalize the revolutions of all gearbox shafts. In addition, these elements are responsible for painless for the box and shockless gear shifting.

It should be noted that immediately when the driver pushes the gearbox selector when switching from second gear to first, you can feel an obstacle. This obstacle prevents the activation of the first speed and it is this obstacle that is called the synchronizer. In the event that the gearbox is relatively new or a synchronizer has recently been installed on it, then you will not feel problems with the transition from an increased speed to a reduced one. The inclusion of the first gear will be carried out without any obstacles.

But if your vehicle has already passed more than a hundred thousand kilometers, then this will directly affect the functioning of some elements of the unit. In particular, in the first place, synchronizers will stop working normally - they simply will not be able to perform the tasks assigned to them initially. Then the motorist is forced to perform various "tricks" that the grandfathers told us about - these are all kinds of peregaski with and so on.

When performing such tricks, the rebase will perform the function of an equalizer of the gears mated to each other. Thus, if the difference in angular speeds is high, and the synchronizers are worn out enough, the driver will have to accelerate even more. In the event that the angular speeds are the same, the motorist will immediately understand this - the gearbox selector will be able to switch from high speed to low speed without any problems. Thus, making efforts will no longer be advisable.

Methods for engaging first gear

So, if the modes are poorly turned on in your vehicle and you have already figured out the reasons and the theory, then let's move on to the most important thing - the methods of engaging the first gear. The simplest method in this case would be to activate the first gear while driving a car. You need to effortlessly push the implement selector forward and do this until the corresponding synchronizer comes into operation. However, it should be noted that this method is relevant for most cars and some trucks.

It should be borne in mind that in most old trucks this will not work, since the device of the unit itself does not allow this, since they simply do not have synchronizers. In addition, you need to take into account that this method of activating the first speed is hardly relevant if the synchronizer on your vehicle has already worked out its service life. It will simply not be possible.

Then the motorist will only have to wait a while until the car practically stops to turn on the required speed. Or, using force, turn on the gearshift lever. In principle, neither the first nor the second method can be called the optimal way out in such a problem. As practice shows, it will be best to use the same old-fashioned method with re-gasification.

How to do this - you can find out below:

1. So, driving at second speed, start depressing the clutch pedal.
2. While pressing the pedal, move the gearbox selector to neutral. By doing this, you can deactivate the clutch pedal can be deactivated.
3. Then, when the pedal is fully lowered, you need to slightly add gas with your right foot while pressing the pedal. In this case, pay attention to the tachometer, which shows the number of revolutions. You need to bring the revolutions up to two and a half thousand per minute, that is, the arrow should be on the number 2500. Here, pay attention to its one important nuance - the greater the difference in the angular speeds of the mating gears of the box, the higher you need to raise the number of revolutions. That is, an indicator of 2,500 is the minimum, add gas if necessary.
4. Then depress the clutch pedal again.
5. Further, the gearbox selector should be moved to the activation position of the initial mode, that is, the first speed. Here, also pay attention to the fact that if the selector does not enter correctly into the required position, then most likely you just gave a little gas. If so, then repeat the steps, only add more gas.
6. Ultimately, you need to release the clutch pedal smoothly, not abruptly. If you did everything correctly, then the lever of the box will turn into the required position without any problems, jolts and extraneous sounds.

If you did not succeed in doing this, then do not be discouraged - the first time rarely anyone succeeds in performing a double rebase. By repeating the procedure several times, you will be able to remember everything you need to do to correctly engage the first speed. Actually, the same methods allow you to activate the first gear when driving in third, for example, if in an emergency you need to brake with the motor. In this case, the higher the driving speed, the longer you will have to wait for the synchronizers to help you. Or you need to step more on the gas.

But do not regard the double rebase as a way out of the situation. This method can be called a temporary solution, but the unit will still have to be repaired. Since replacing synchronizers is a rather complicated process, we recommend that you seek professional help. If you nevertheless decide to perform this procedure yourself, then the instructions provided below will come in handy.

One of the malfunctions of a manual transmission is a fuzzy engagement of gears or the inability to engage them.

In such a situation, there may be several reasons for the malfunction and it is necessary to immediately determine whether they relate to the gearbox itself or the problem is related to the clutch assembly. So, if all gears are turned on clearly on an uncranked engine, and problems appear when the engine is running, then most likely the reason lies in the clutch.

In addition, the problem with the inclusion of speeds can be caused by a malfunction of the gearshift drive. In this case, the shift lever can be structurally located on the manual transmission itself (VAZ 2101-07), or through a system of rods or cables from the wings to the gearbox.

The principle of operation of the transmission is the same for all brands of cars, regardless of whether it is a foreign car or a domestic car.

In cases where questions arise with the inclusion of a transfer, it is not necessary to contact the professionals of car services, you can try to solve them yourself.

Let's analyze in order what can affect the poor inclusion of speeds or the impossibility of their inclusion.

Shift link and pull rod

On front-wheel drive models, the rocker is connected to the manual transmission by means of rods, in the event of a malfunction of which there may be problems with shifting gears. The shift lever drive can also be used on rear-wheel drive models, for example, BMW 3, and others.

On the wings, there may be problems such as loosening of its fastening, fracture of the shift knob. In the drive system, there may be such malfunctions as loss of the thrust fixing stopper, loosening of the fastening of the gearbox drive slider.

To identify a malfunction, it is necessary to revise the backstage in the car and inspect the drive under the bottom of the car.

On more modern models, the car drive is made by means of a cable. If the cable breaks, gear shifting becomes impossible.

Clutch drive

In the event of a drive malfunction, for example, leaking hydraulic connection, incomplete squeezing occurs, which also leads to the fact that the gears are difficult to engage or not engage.

Engine and gearbox mounts

When worn out, when they have sagged from time to time or burst, then the drive of the wings will work with a bias and its breakage is possible. Also, sagging pillows can provoke a seizure of the input shaft of the gearbox.

This is especially critical for rear-wheel drive cars, when the manual transmission mountings sag, causing a skew, which leads to difficulty or impossibility of switching on the speeds.

Shift fork

The fork is used to transfer force from the clutch pedal to the clutch block through release bearing... In cases where the fork forms a crack, or it comes out of engagement with the release bearing, gear shifting becomes difficult, or even impossible.

A plug revision or replacement is required.

It is necessary to transfer the force from the fork to the petals of the basket, which in turn diverts the clutch disc from the engine flywheel, breaking the torque (the motor works separately from the transmission), making it possible to turn on the required speed.

When the bearing is worn out, the speeds will be difficult to engage or shifting will be impossible altogether. The problem is solved by replacing the release bearing.

Basket

When the petals of the basket are worn out or a crack appears in the petal disc, full squeezing does not occur, as a result, the driven disc does not completely move away from the engine flywheel, making it impossible to engage the gear.

Clutch disc

When the disc damping springs are worn out or their fastening is loosened, the gears will be difficult to engage and shaking will be observed power unit... Also, when replacing the clutch disc, it is possible to install a product whose thickness is higher than the tolerance, which leads to the impossibility of completely disconnecting the disc from the flywheel, since there is not enough basket spring travel, which also leads to the impossibility of engaging gears.

The problem is solved by replacing the disk.

Synchronizers

These elements are made of soft materials (copper, brass) and therefore are often subject to wear. Synchronizers especially suffer from a sharp release of the clutch pedal at sudden starts, which leads to shock loads and rapid wear of the surface of the synchronizer cone or its breakage.

Gearbox synchronizer - yellow

When they are worn out, switching will also be difficult or impossible.

Also, the inability to engage gears can be affected by the wear of the gearbox shafts, when it will be impossible to engage the second or fifth gear. This malfunction requires a complete disassembly of the manual transmission and replacement of the shafts.

Summary

If any manifestations of difficult gear shifting appear, it is recommended to immediately identify the malfunction and take measures to eliminate it, since further operation of the manual transmission with a malfunction, as a result, will result in a complex and expensive transmission repair.

The clarity of the gears and the operation of the entire gearshift mechanism are often of concern to owners of cars with a manual transmission. A common problem is that after starting the engine, one or several gears are engaged with great effort or not completely, there is no way to turn on the speed, at the moment of turning on, extraneous noises are heard, unnecessary vibrations appear, etc.

Such malfunctions appear unexpectedly, and difficulty in shifting gears can increase gradually. Speeds can be badly turned on "cold" and / or "hot". It is noteworthy that often the gears in the manual transmission on a muffled engine switch normally.

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Poor gears turn on when the engine is running: possible causes

At the very beginning, it should be noted that the inability to engage gear with the engine not running may indicate a serious gearbox malfunction, which consists in the failure of the synchronizers. A second cause could be gear wear or breakage. It is also possible jamming of units and mechanisms responsible for the transfer of force from the lever in the cabin to the checkpoint when choosing a gear.

To accurately determine the reasons, in the first case, you will need to remove the box for disassembly and subsequent troubleshooting, in the second case, it is necessary to identify and replace broken units. In some cases, it is enough to carry out their prevention: removal, lubrication and careful adjustment.

As for the problem switching when the internal combustion engine is running, then in the list of the most frequent malfunctions they note:

• lack of transmission oil in the gearbox;
• problems with the clutch mechanism;

Low transmission oil level

Not having enough oil in the box makes the gear shifting process extremely difficult, but the speeds must be engaged. With such a switch, a metallic crunch is heard, the box, when driving in the engaged gear, begins to make a lot of noise and "howl".

The complete absence of lubrication in the gearbox will not allow shifting gears, since without oil, the synchronizers will not be able to work properly, and there will be no engagement of the gears in the box.

Any manifestation of these symptoms requires immediate cessation of vehicle operation and checking the level of transmission oil in the gearbox. It is also necessary to inspect the gearbox for damage to the housing, oil leaks through the oil seals and gaskets.

It should be noted that for manual transmissions of many cars, the oil in the box from the factory is filled for the entire service life. In practice, replacement is recommended every 60-80 km. mileage.

Clutch malfunctions

Simply put, the clutch is a mechanism that transfers the engine torque to the transmission, and also opens the engine and transmission so that gear changes can be made. Failure of individual components of this unit can make it impossible to change gear precisely when the engine is running.

Brake fluid leaks

Design of many modern cars assumes that the clutch fluid is brake fluid. If there is not enough fluid in the hydraulic system of the clutch drive, then the clutch will not be fully engaged.

In this case, the programs will turn on tightly or not turn on at all. For an initial check, look at the fluid level in the reservoir. If the level is low, it is necessary to check for leaks, repair defects and bleed the clutch.

In the event that the fluid level is normal and no other reasons have been identified, it will be necessary to remove the gearbox to inspect the clutch elements. Usually, when you try to turn on the speed and breakdowns of this mechanism, loud grinding metal sounds from the gearbox itself are not heard.

Gears may not engage or not fully engage if the malfunction is associated with the clutch basket. The release bearing can also be the cause. In the event that the specified bearing does not move freely along the input shaft or it is seized, then the part needs to be replaced.

It should be added separately that the primary sign of problems with the release is the appearance of a rustle or a distinct hum on a running car. Noises appear only when the clutch pedal is depressed to the floor. Such extraneous sounds can be present both on a cold car and on a warm one. After releasing the clutch pedal, the noise should disappear. A jammed clutch release will not allow the clutch to engage, which complicates gear shifting, and can also lead to rapid wear and destruction of other elements of the clutch mechanism.

Basket malfunctions are often associated with critical wear of the petals. Deterioration means that the basket will no longer perform its function when heated. As the temperature rises, the pressure plate cannot be fully retracted by means of the clutch basket. The result is very difficult gear shifting after a slight warm-up of the engine.

After removing the box, it is necessary to inspect the basket for deformation, traces of overheating and other defects. If found, the element must be replaced.

Another reason for the fact that the gears do not engage on a running machine, or are engaged with force, may be a worn clutch disc.

After disassembly, it is necessary to inspect the friction pads on the disc. They should not be critically worn out, burnt or damaged, and disc deformation is also not allowed. Additionally, during the inspection of the clutch, a check of the diaphragm springs is required. After replacing the failed clutch elements, the box must be well centered during subsequent assembly, and the clutch must be pumped.

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Engine speed and service life. Disadvantages of driving at low and high rpms. What is the best number of engine revolutions to drive. Tips and tricks.

Manual transmission is a mechanism that connects the engine and the driving wheels of the vehicle (transferring the engine torque to the wheels). The main feature is that gear changes are completely controlled by the driver.

For correct operation Manual transmission is very important to know not only. Although the mechanical box is easy to maintain and repair, problems can still arise during operation.

In this article we will talk about why the gears are not included clearly or tightly, the gears are not included at all, etc. We will also consider the main causes of manual transmission malfunctions.

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The main causes of poor gear shifting

Among the main reasons, experts identify the following:

• poorly adjusted manual transmission rocker;
• clutch drive malfunction (does not completely turn off);
• defect in the gear selection mechanism of the checkpoint (defects in gears, bearings, etc.);

The first reason why the gears are turned on poorly or the manual transmission lever does not react at all to the driver's manipulations may be an unregulated rocker. The rocker is a kind of rod that connects the gear lever to the gearbox (the lever can also be connected to the gearbox by means of cables).

This problem is solved by adjusting the rocker or replacing it, especially if the plastic bushings in it are worn out. The reason described above only applies to front-wheel drive vehicles, as in the case of rear-wheel drive vehicles, the gear lever is connected directly to the transmission.

A malfunction in the car's clutch mechanism can also cause poor gear shifting:

Another reason for not clearly engaging gears may be a malfunction of parts and mechanisms in the gearbox:

• wear of synchronizers. Excessive wear of synchronizers occurs in those gears that are included more often, namely in the urban cycle these are the first, second and third gears.

  When driving on highways in high-speed mode, respectively, the synchronizers of the manual transmission upshifts wear out. Wear can be determined by the characteristic crunch when shifting gears. In this case, replace the synchronizers.

• bearings of manual transmission shafts. Breakdown occurs mainly on vehicles with very high mileage or on vehicles that carry heavy loads due to the nature of their activities. In one and the other case, manual transmission bearings are subject to increased wear. At the initial stage, bearing wear is manifested by the appearance of a monotonous howling sound from the box. If you do not take any measures, then further development appears in the worn bearing, which leads to axial runout of the bearing, followed by its seizure. Parts of a crumbled bearing can get into the gears of the manual transmission and completely disable it.
• destruction of the gear teeth of the gearbox with physical wear or factory marriage. When operating a car with mechanics, the teeth of one of the gears of the gearbox may fall out, with the subsequent possible destruction of the gearbox.

  As a result, the gear whose gear is damaged stops turning on, and the fragments of the collapsed gear can damage the rest of the manual transmission mechanisms.

What is the bottom line

It is important to understand that a manual transmission is a reliable unit, which normally should not cause discomfort to the driver when driving. vehicle... This means that in case of complete serviceability, the work must be clear and balanced.

If the driver notes extraneous vibrations, noises, etc., there is a fuzzy inclusion or knocking out of the gear while the car is moving, then it is necessary to immediately diagnose the manual transmission.

In this case, it is important to determine not only why the speed on the gearbox does not turn on or the manual transmission gears are tightly engaged, but also to eliminate the cause as soon as possible.

In other words, riding on a faulty gearbox can cause bearings to collapse, etc. As a result, further damage to the components and mechanisms of the manual transmission cannot be avoided, and the cost of repairing the transmission in this case increases significantly.

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The reasons for the difficult engagement of gears when the engine is running. Transmission oil and level in the checkpoint, wear of synchronizers and gears of the box, clutch.

As a result of the constant stress that the manual transmission and clutch are subjected to, most drivers are increasingly beginning to notice gear shifting problems.

However, not everyone has time to react to them in a timely manner, because often the only sign of a manual transmission malfunction is the incomplete engagement of the gears or the implementation of their start with a slight stretch. Therefore, in order to avoid serious problems in the future, one should very carefully monitor such manifestations and promptly eliminate the cause that provoked their appearance. It is better to immediately seek help from a car service, for example, if you are from St. Petersburg, then here http://spb-avtoremont.ru/p264438239-remont-kpp-mkpp.html.

Searching for a reason

The easiest way to determine why the gears are not included in the manual transmission are in two ways:

1. Stop the engine and turn on the speed - If nothing happens, then the problem is most likely due to faulty synchronizers or gears. To determine the culprit for the breakdown, the manual transmission will have to be disassembled.

2. Start the engine and engage the speed - If it does not work, then the problem is in the clutch. Most often, this malfunction is provoked by such problems as insufficient lubrication, incomplete clutch engagement and a lack of fluid in the hydraulic drive system. In this case, the last malfunction is typical only for vehicles equipped with a hydraulic clutch.

In any case, in order to determine the true cause, you will have to remove the manual transmission and inspect the condition in which the clutch basket is located, if it is satisfactory, check the volume of fluid that is in the expansion tank and, if there is a shortage of it, top up.

Insufficient lubrication

Despite the fact that when there is a lack of lubricant in the manual transmission, the gears still turn on, it can be quite difficult to switch them, since the gears cannot fully engage with each other. In addition, insufficient lubrication can damage even synchronizers over time.

Therefore, when you hear an unpleasant metal grinding noise when shifting gears, check the oil level in the manual transmission and inspect it for drips. If present, replace all gaskets and seals. It will not be superfluous to change at the same time the oil seals located in the shank and on the input shaft.

Major problems and their elimination

If the previous test methods did not give anything and the malfunction that provoked the problems with shifting gears on the manual transmission is not determined, then you need to inspect the condition in which the clutch basket is located. The main impetus for this should be the fact that the gears stop switching on exactly when the engine is running.

Throw-out bearing - In normal condition, its movement on the input shaft should be free of obstacles. In the event that it starts to jam in some places and it moves along them with difficulty, then the reason is in it. However, do not worry, as it is solved by simply replacing the problematic part.

Disc Wear - To determine how much disc is worn, disassemble the basket and visually assess its condition. The friction linings must be free of carbon deposits and the rivets under the disc must not be visible. In the event that one of these problems is present, the disk will need to be replaced. Most likely, after this procedure, the problem with the inclusion of gears will be resolved.

Malfunction of the basket itself - With long-term use of the car, the so-called "petals" that make up the basket wear out a lot, as a result of which they become very susceptible to high temperatures and can no longer cope with the removal of the pressure plate. Often, to determine the state in which the petals are located, a simple, visual inspection is enough - its petals will be deformed or traces of overheating will be reflected on them. In this case, the basket will have to be replaced.

Power steering - If there is not enough fluid in the system or there is air in it, the transmissions to the manual transmission may not turn on periodically. For diagnosis, inspect the reservoir and inspect all drive elements, including hoses, tubes and release cylinder. All identified areas with leaks will need to be eliminated and the system pumped.

Clutch assembly

If you had to disassemble the clutch in order to detect a problem with shifting gears, be extremely careful when reassembling it. Tighten all threaded connections with the utmost care. And be sure to center the clutch before installing the manual transmission. For this purpose, you can use both a special tool and the input shaft, which will have to be removed from the old gearbox.